初中名词用法归纳与练习.doc

初中名词用法归纳与练习知识网络考点一 名词的分类考点二 名词的复数形式1.规则变化构成方法例词在词尾加-sgirlgirlspenpens以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词后加-esbusbusesboxboxeswatchwatchesdishdishes以f或fe结尾的名词，变f，fe为v，再加-eswifewiveshalfhalves shelfshelvesthiefthieves某些以f结尾的词，直接加-sroofroofs(屋顶)beliefbeliefs(信念)以辅音字母y结尾的名词变y为i再加-escitycitiescountrycountriesfamilyfamiliespartyparties以元音字母y结尾的名词，直接加-sboyboysdaydays以o结尾的四个词(两菜、两人)加-es，其余的都加-spotatopotatoestomatotomatoesheroheroesNegroNegroeszoozoosphotophotos2.不规则变化构成方法例词形式不变(单复数同形)sheepsheepdeerdeerChineseChineseJapaneseJapanese变内部元音字母footfeettoothteethgoosegeese manmenmousemice词尾加-en/-renchildchildrenoxoxen3.复合名词的复数形式有两种(1)将主体词变为复数，如：sisterinlawsistersinlaw(嫂子)boy classmateboy classmates (2)将复合词中两个词都变为复数，此种复合词中第一个词须是man或 woman，如：man workermen workerswoman teacherwomen teachers4特殊情况(1)有些名词只有复数形式，如：clothes，shorts，pants，scissors(剪刀)，goods，glasses(眼镜 )(2)有些名词以s结尾，但不是复数形式，如：news，maths，physics，politics(3)有些物质名词或抽象名词的单、复数形式表示不同的含义，如：room(空间)a room(房间)work(工作)works(著作)(4)不可数名词的数量表达不可数名词本身不可数，但可借助单位量词表示一定的数量，如：a piece of bread/news/paper一片面包/一则新闻/一张纸还可用much，little，a little，a large amount of，some，any，no，lots of，plenty of等来修饰不可数名词，如：much money，some milk (5)数词名词形容词构成的复合形容词，中间的名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形式，如：He is a fouryearold boy.他是个4岁的男孩。(fouryearold不能说成fouryearsold)a fivefootdeep hole一个五英尺深的洞考点三 名词所有格1表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式，在此名词词尾加's，或直接加'。(1)单数名词加's，如：Mary's book(2)以s结尾的复数名词只加'，不以s结尾的复数名词要加's，如：the three girls' father 这三个女孩的父亲the children's presents 孩子们的礼物(3)表示几个人共有，仅在最后一个人的名字后加's；表示各自所有时，需在各个名字后加's，如：Mary and Jane's car(她俩人共有的车)Mary's and Jane's cars(她俩各自的车)(4)表示店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地点时，名词所有格后面的名词习惯上省略。如：the barber'sthe barber's shop理发店to my aunt'sto my aunt's house到我姑姑家(5)有些指时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城镇等无生命的名词，也可以加's构成所有格。如：a week's time 一周的时间China's population中国的人口2表示无生命的东西的所有格形式：名词of所有者，如：the name of the zoo动物园的名字3双重所有格：即of's或of名词性物主代词，如：a book of my daughter's 我女儿的一本书The friend of his is very kind.他的朋友非常友好。考点四 名词的句法功能名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语、表语、状语、定语等。名词作定语，一般用单数形式。如：girl students(女学生) paper flowers(纸花)名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式。如：sports meeting (运动会)名词专练一、单项选择1 Read the _carefully.They will help you know how to use the popper.AInstructions Bdecisions Cresults【解析】本题考查名词在语境中的运用。instruction“说明”；decision“决定”；result“结果”。由后句“它们会帮你知道如何使用这台爆米花机”可判断本句为“认真读说明”，故instructions符合句意。【答案】A2Cici enjoys dancing.It's one of her _.Aprize Bprizes Chobby Dhobbies【解析】本题考查名词。one of后接名词的复数，表示“中的一个”，故排除A、C两项；prize“奖品”，hobby“爱好”，跳舞是一种爱好，故选D项。【答案】D3 For my homework I have to write a(n) _about the wonders of the world.Amusic BpictureCcomposition Dexam【解析】本题考查名词在语境中的运用。music“音乐”；picture“图画”；composition“作文”；exam“考试”。music是不可数名词，不能用不定冠词a/an修饰，故排除A项；动词write不能和picture搭配，也应排除；家庭作业不可能是考试，D项也排除。故选C。【答案】C4Boys and girls，feeling peaceful is the first step to become _ in the exam.So please take a deep breath and calm down.Arunners Bwinners Cplayers【解析】本题考查名词在语境中的运用。runner“跑步者”；winner“获胜者”；player“运动员”。在考试中应成为获胜者，故winners符合句意。【答案】B5I have great _ in learning math and I'm so worried.Could you help me?Sure.I'd be glad to.Atrouble Binterest Cjoy Dfun【解析】本题考查名词的用法。have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”。interest“兴趣”；joy“高兴，欣赏”；fun“乐趣”，均不符合题意。【答案】A6Mrs Black, could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter?With pleasure.Remember that the letter should be written in the formal _.Avalue Bstyle Ceffect Dmood【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。value“益处，价值”；style“风格，文体”；effect“影响，效果”；mood“情绪，心情”。由语境知“写申请信应用正式文体”。【答案】B7 Could you please get me some _？ I'm hungry.Aapple Bwater Cbread Degg【解析】本题考查名词的用法。由第二句I'm hungry.(我饿了。)知空格处需填“吃的东西”，故排除选项B；选项A、D均为可数名词，由题干中的some判断需用可数名词复数或不可数名词，故排除A、D两项。bread“面包”，为不可数名词，符合题意。【答案】C8I'm going to the supermarket.Let me get you some fruit.OK.Thanks for your _.Aoffer BinformationCmessage Dorder【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。offer“提供，提议”；information“信息”；message“口信”；order“顺序，订货，命令”。句意为“我要去超市。让我为你买些水果吧。”“好吧，谢谢你的好意。”故选A。【答案】A9 These natural disasters have warned us that everyone should start to protect the _immediately.Aamusement BdevelopmentCenvironment Dgovernment【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。amusement“娱乐”；development“发展”；environment“环境”；government“政府”。句意为“这些自然灾害已经告诫我们每个人应立刻开始保护环境。”【答案】C10Mrs.Wang was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year.She said she would never forget some pleasant _ while working there.Aexperiments Bexpressions Cexperiences Demotions【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。experiment“实验”；expression“表达”；experience“经历”；emotion“感情”。空格所在句的句意为“她说她永远也不会忘记在那工作时的一些美好的经历。”故选C。【答案】C11I'm sorry I went out for a smoke.I was very tired.There's no _ for this while you are at work.Acause Bexcuse Cmatter Dchoice【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。cause“原因”；excuse“理由，借口”；matter“事情”；choice“选择”。由空格所在句的句意“当你工作时这样做是没有理由的”知选B。【答案】B12 John wants to be a _， so he often helps sick people in the hospital.Areporter Bdoctor Cscientist Dcook【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。reporter“记者”；doctor“医生”；scientist“科学家”；cook“厨师”。由句意“因此他经常在医院里帮助病人”知约翰想成为一名医生，故选B。【答案】B13I have trouble learning math this term.You should pay more _to your teacher's advice.Amoney Battention Ctime【解析】本题考查名词的用法。pay attention to.“注意”，是固定短语，故选B。【答案】B14 The two cities have reached an _to develop science and technology.Aeducation Bexcitement Cagreement Dinvention【解析】本题考查名词的用法。reach an agreement“达成协议”，是固定搭配，故选C。【答案】C15Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now?Sorry, I know nothing about him.We are_.Afriends BneighborsCclassmates Dstrangers【解析】由答语前面的“对不起，我不认识他”，可知这里是指“陌生人”。【答案】D16 I don't think looking after children is just _ work.Awoman Bwoman's Cwomen Dwomen's【解析】句意为“我认为照看孩子不仅仅是女人的工作。”由句意可判断此处应用名词所有格，又因为woman的复数形式是women，故选D。【答案】D17Why are you still waiting in line?I've missed my _.Aplace Border Cturn Dtime【解析】句意为“你为什么仍然在排队？”“我错过了我的一次机会了。”place “地方”； order “顺序”； turn“轮到的机会”； time“时间”。通过句意可知，只有C项符合题意，故答案为C。【答案】C18I hear you have to run for half an hour every day.Right.It is one of the _ in my school.Achoices Bplans Chobbies Drules【解析】句意为“我听说你每天必须跑步半小时。”“是的，这是我们学校的规则之一。”choices“选择”；plans“计划”；hobbies“爱好”；rules“规则”。所以选择答案D。【答案】D19 _ mothers can't go to the meeting, because they have gone to New York on business.AAlice and Lily's BAlice's and Lily'sCAlice's and Lily【解析】A选项是指她们共同的母亲；B选项表示她们各自的母亲；C选项没有这种表达形式，首先排除。由后句的they可知，这里指的是她们各自的母亲，因此答案为B。【答案】B20The land in the southwest of China is in great need of _.Yes, it hasn't rained for a long time there.Amilk Btea Ccoffee Dwater【解析】根据答语可知西南很需要水，故答案选D。【答案】D21How far is your home from school? It's about two _ walk.Ahour's Bhours Chours'【解析】本题考查名词所有格的用法。两小时的路程表达是“two hours' walk”， hour需要变复数后加“'”，故选C。【答案】C22I'm not sure about the meaning of the word.You'd better look it up in a _.Aletter Bdictionary Cpostcard Dnotice【解析】letter“书信”；dictionary“字典、词典”；postcard“卡片”；notice“布告”，根据题意“我不知道这个词语的意思。”“你最好查词典。”知答案选B。【答案】B23Whose computer doesn't work?_， I think.AJohn has BJohn does CJohn DJohn's【解析】句意为“谁的计算机出毛病啦？”“约翰的，我想。”故答语应用名词所有格形式，所以答案应选D。【答案】D24Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus.What shall we do?I'm afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi.Achoice Bdecision Creason Didea【解析】“have missed the last bus”和“but to take a taxi”可知是别无选择。句意是“哎，天啊，我们已经错过了最后一班车，我们应该怎么办呢？”“我想我们除了乘出租车别无选择了。”【答案】A25Good morning, madam.Can I help you?Sure, I'd like _，please.Atwo cups of coffees Btwo cup of coffeesCtwo cups of coffee Dtwo cup of coffee【解析】coffee 是不可数名词，不能加s，排除A和B；两杯应是two cups，排除D。故选C。【答案】C26Do you know the young lady over there?Yes.She's _ mother.ALily and Lucy BLily's and Lucy'sCLily's and Lucy DLily and Lucy's【解析】根据空后的mother可知是两人共有的，两人共有某物时，只需要在后一个词后加's。句意是“你认识那儿的那个年轻女士吗？”“是的，她是莉莉和露西的妈妈。”【答案】D27 After walking for more than half an hour, we decided to take _ rest.Aa few minute's Ba few minutes'Ca little minute's Da little minutes'【解析】minute是可数名词由a few来修饰且要用复数形式，名词以s结尾时，所有格直接加。句意是“走了半个多小时后，我们决定休息几分钟。”故选B。【答案】B28Where are the_？They are playing_ basketball on the playground.Aman teachers; the Bmen teachers; theCman teachers; / Dmen teachers; /【解析】man作定语时，两个名词都要变复数； 球类运动的短语中，球类之前不可用冠词，故选D。句意是“男老师在哪儿？”“他们正在操场上打篮球。”【答案】D29)Betty has a silk_.She can sing very well.Avoice Blook Csound Dnoise【解析】根据“She can sing very well.”可知她的声音很好，人的声音用voice表示。句意是“贝蒂的声音好，她可以唱得非常好。”【答案】A30Oh, there isn't enough_ for us on the bus.No hurry.Let's wait for the next one.Afloor Bground Croom Dplace【解析】根据on the bus和答句可知是没有足够的空间够我们用了。句意是“哎呀，公共汽车上没有我们足够的空间了。”“别着急，让我们等下一趟吧。”【答案】C31 I saw many _ eating grasson the hill.Ahorse Bcow Cdeers Dsheep【解析】many后跟名词复数，A，B都不是复数，deer和sheep单复数相同，故答案选D。【答案】D二、根据句意及所给汉语意思写出所缺单词1 The Great Wall of China is one of the _(奇迹) of the world.【解析】“奇迹”为wonder，one of后接复数名词。【答案】wonders2 More and more _(外国人)come to visit China.【解析】“外国人”为foreigner；more是many的比较级，后接名词的复数。【答案】foreigners3 After three _(星期) holiday, we came back to work.【解析】本题考查名词所有格的用法。以s结尾的复数名词的所有格在s后加“'”。【答案】weeks'4 To our great _(惊讶), Tom failed to pass the graduation exam.【解析】to one's surprise“使某人惊讶的是”。【答案】surprise5He can't see the blackboard clearly, so he needs a pair of _(眼镜)【解析】a pair of glasses“一副眼镜”。【答案】glasses6We should pay attention to our behavior and try to be good_(公民)【解析】由主语we知，要填复数形式citizens。【答案】citizens7 They have planted about five _(千) trees in and around the town in the past few years.【解析】英语中的hundred，thousand，million，billion等词如果前面有基数词修饰，一律用单数，故填原形thousand。【答案】thousand8 The camera was one of the greatest _(发明) in the 19th century.【解析】根据空前的“one of the greatest”可知用名词的复数。句意是“照相机是十九世纪最伟大的发明之一。”【答案】inventions9 How many times do you brush your_(牙齿) every day?【解析】tooth的复数形式是teeth。【答案】teeth10 Please tell me the_(胜利者) telephone number.I want to interview him.【解析】句意是“请告诉我胜利者的电话号码，我想采访他。”胜利者是winner，其所有格在其后加's。【答案】winner's11 There are many fresh_(土豆) in the supermarket.【解析】因句中有many, many后接名词的复数，potato的复数是potatoes。【答案】potatoes12 Thank you very much for your_(邀请)But I'm so sorry that I can't come to your party tomorrow.【解析】空白处前有your修饰，故要用名词形式，而invite的名词是invitation。【答案】invitation13 Take a short rest after two_(小时) hard work, and you won't feel too tired. 【解析】前面有two，所以应该用hour的复数形式hours的名词所有格。【答案】hours'14 Great_(变化) have taken place in our hometown.【解析】句中的谓语动词是have taken place，因此主语要用复数形式。【答案】changes15 A powerful earthquake hit Wenchuan in _(西南方), China's Sichuan Province on May 12th.【解析】表示“偏方向”时，先说南北，再说东西，故西南方为southwest。【答案】southwest三、根据句意及所给首字母补全单词1 A _is the fourth month of the year.【解析】一年的第四个月份是April。【答案】April2 My h_ is collecting stamps.I have collected thousands of stamps.【解析】集邮是一种爱好，故填hobby。【答案】hobby3 Mark Twain was born in the USA and English was his mother t _.【解析】mother tongue“母语”。由句意“马克·吐温出生于美国，英语是他的母语。”可知答案。【答案】tongue4My mother is a nurse.She works in a famous h _.【解析】由常识知护士工作的地点是医院。【答案】hospital5 If you are in danger, remember to dial(拨) the telephone n _110 at once.【解析】句意为“如果你遇到危险，记住立刻拨电话号码110。”故填number。【答案】number6Do you know what the p_ of China is now?It's over 1.3 billion.【解析】由答语知，上句是问现在中国的人口是多少，故填population。【答案】population7 New Year is a traditional f_ for Chinese people.【解析】根据New Year和traditional可知是节日。句意是“新年对中国人来说是传统的节日。”【答案】festival8 Tomorrow is my cousin's birthday.I'm going to buy a g_ for her.【解析】根据“my cousin's birthday”可知想买生日礼物。句意是“明天是我堂妹的生日，我将给她买一件礼物。”【答案】gift9 If there's something wrong with your teeth，you'd better go to see a d_.【解析】根据“something wrong with your teeth”可知要看牙医。句意是“如果你的牙齿出毛病了，你最好去看牙医。”【答案】dentist10 W_ is the coldest season of the year.【解析】根据“the coldest season of the year”可知是winter。句意是“冬天是一年中最冷的季节。”【答案】Winter11 We don't go to the c_ much for movies because we have a video.【解析】根据movies可知是cinema。句意是“我们不经常去电影院看电影，因为我们有一个录像机。”【答案】cinema12 When summer comes, day becomes longer and n_ becomes shorter.【解析】谓语动词是第三人称单数形式，故主语要用单数。【答案】night13P_ are my favourite animals and they live only in China.【解析】谓语动词是are，因此主语用复数形式。【答案】Pandas14 Would you like to see the movie with me? I've got two t_.【解析】“票”的英文单词为ticket，复数为tickets。【答案】tickets15 Mary is such a shy girl that it's hard for her to sing in p_.【解析】in public为固定词组，在公众场合。【答案】public16 Bill wants to buy a new jacket because his old one is out of s_.【解析】根据句意可知是想买新的，是因为旧的过时了。out of style意为“过时”。句意是“比尔想买一件新夹克，因为他的旧的过时了 。”【答案】style