完形填空解题技巧点拨及真题练习.ppt

走近高考,完形填空解题技巧点拨及真题练习,完形填空,技巧点拨1,高考完形填空考什么 完形填空主要考查考生对语篇意义的理解，对上下文意义关系的把握。其空格只能是名词、动词、形容词和副词这4种实词。而以下四种情况，一般不考：(1)不考虚词。即不考冠词、介词、连词、代词等虚词。(2)不考语法。,(3)不考固定搭配。即不会考查只要你背熟固定词组，无需理解短文意思，就可选出答案的题。(4)不考词语辨析。一般说来，四个选项的意义相差很大。老师要花十分钟八分钟来辨析，但你依然不是十分清楚的那些同义词或近义词，在高考完形填空中，至今尚未同时出现在选项之中。,模拟训练 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。When asked to point out one or two things that are most important to themselves,many put friends ahead of homes,jobs,clothes and cars.,A true 1 carries along history of experience that determines who we are and keeps us connected.It is a treasure we should prove it.2,the better friends you are,the more probably youll have disagreements.,A.success B.leadership C.friendship D.agreement2.A.Uncertainly B.Unfairly C.Luckily D.Unfortunately,D因“朋友越好越有分歧”，可见，这是“不幸”的事。,C与前句中的friends是同源复现。,And the 3 can be what you dont want-an end to the relationship.The good news is that most troubled friendships can be 4.First,dont let your pride get in your way.,3.A.result B.connection C.relation D.experience4.A.mended B.gained C.proved D.continued,A因troubled与mend是同现，意思是“最困扰的友谊也可以修补”。,A因result与end是近义复现，由“结束”想到这是“结果”了。,Most of us can forgive each other when 5 are brought out in the open.Second,apologize when youre wrong even if youve been 6.,5.A.secrets B.differences C.mistakes D.clothes6.A.admitted B.wronged C.fired D.beaten,6.B因wronged与下文中的wronged是原词复现。指“被冤枉”。,5.B因differences与disagreements近义复现。,Over the course of friendship,even the best people 7 mistakes.Sometimes,it may be best if the wronged person takes the lead and 8.When you apologize,give your friend a 9 to admit that he has been wrong.,7.A.correct B.record C.admit D.make8.A.opens B.mends C.apologizes D.considers9.A.chance B.gift C.car D.treasure,9.A因“承认错误”与“机会”是同现。由常识也可知道，指给别人认错的“机会”。,7.D由上下文别人冤枉你，可知此处指“犯错误”。,8.C因apologizes与下句中的apologize是原词复现。,Third,see things from your friends point of view.And 10,accept that friendships 11 as our needs and lifestyles change.Making friends can sometimes seem 12.,10.A.naturally B.finally C.possibly D.happily11.A.end B.begin C.change D.finish12.A.difficult B.loose C.upset D.easy,11.C与本句末的change是原词复现，句意是，“友谊也会随着我们的需要和生活方式的改变而改变”。,10.B因finally与first,second,third属同现。,12.D与下文hard是反义同现。意思是:交朋友有时似乎是容易的，难就难在将关系保持下去。,The hard part is 13 the connections strong during the nature ups and downs that have an effect on all 14.My suggestion:Consider friendship an honor and a gift，and worth the effort to 15 and nurture.,13.A.developing B.improving C.keeping D.producing14.A.partners B.teenagers C.lifestyles D.relationships15.A.treasure B.recover C.swap D.concern,13.C由常识可知是“保持关系”；虽然也可说“发展关系”和“改善关系”，但develop和improve一般不需再接形容词作宾补了。,15.A因友谊是荣誉和礼物，所以值得珍惜(treasure)和培养(nurture)。treasure 是nurture同现。,14.D因relationships与connections是近义重现，都指“关系”。,高考完形填空怎么考 在保证语境充足的情况，将名词、动词、形容词和副词留空。四个选项必须是：(1)词类相同。即四个选项要么都是名词,要么都是动词,要么都是形容词,要么都是副词。,技巧点拨2,?,完形填空,(2)语法形式相同。即四个选项,如果是动词,要么都是-ing形式,要么都是-ed形式,要么都是原形;如果是名词,要么都是单数,要么都是复数;如果是形容词或副词,要么都是原级,要么都是比较级,要么都是最高级。(3)正确选项的分布基本均等。即A、B、C、D四个选项各自所占比例基本相同。如15个小题,A、B、C、D各占34个。,(2010辽宁)When I first entered university,my aunt,who is an English professor,gaveme a new English-English dictionary.I was 1 to see that it was an English dictionary,alsoknown as a monolingual dictionary.A.worried B.sad C.surprised D.nervous,模拟训练,1.C通读全文可知,作者是一个中国大学生,中国人学英语,尤其是初学者习惯使用英汉词典。当作者看到英英词典的时候,他感到“吃惊”。,Although it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners,none of my classmates had one but,to be honest,I found it extremely 2 to use at first.I would look up words in the dictionary and still not fully understand the meaning.2.A.difficultB.interesting C.ambiguousD.practical,2.A最初用英英词典,不习惯,所以作者感觉用起来“很难”。,I was used to the 3 bilingual dictionaries,in which the words are 4 both in English and Chinese.3.A.new B.familiar C.earlier D.ordinary3.B固定搭配be used to 表示“习惯，对作者来说习惯了双语词典，或者说是英汉词典。这里指双语词典的使用对他来说是熟悉的。4.A.explainedB.expressed C.describedD.created4.A此句是一个in which引导的定语从句，其中words是主语，根据常识在词典中单词的意思是被“解释出来”的，所以用explained.,I really wondered why my aunt 5 to make things so difficult for me.Now,after studying English at university for three years,I 6 that monolingual dictionaries are 7 in learning a foreign language.5.A.offered B.agreed C.decided D.happened5.C我真想知道我姑妈为什么决定这么为难我。6.A.imagine B.recommend C.predictD.understand6.D过去不理解,经过一段时间后,明白了(understand)。7.A.natural B.better C.easier D.convenient7.B此句中monolingual dictionaries和bilingual dictionaries比较,A和D项没用比较级,better强调更好,更实用,而easier则不可能。,As I found out,there is in fact often no perfect equivalence(相等)between two 8 in two languages.My aunt even goes so far as to 9 that a Chinese“equivalent”can never give you the 10 meaning of a word in English!8.A.wordsB.namesC.ideas D.characters8.A词典上重点的内容应该是单词。9.A.hopeB.declareC.doubt D.tell9.B我姑妈甚至还声称汉语意思绝不能给出一个英语单词的确切意思。10.A.exactB.basicC.translated D.expected 10.A前面的a Chinese equivalent和the meaning of a word in English对应，所表明还是对应不准确的问题，所以用exact。,11,she insisted that I read the definition(定义)of a word in a monolingual dictionary when I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning.12,I have come to see what she meant.11.A.RatherB.However C.ThereforeD.Instead11.C此空后面的句子和前面表示的是一种“因果”关系,所以用therefore。12.A.LargelyB.Generally C.GraduallyD.Probably12.C该句的谓语have come to see是表示“变化过程”,所以用gradually表示“渐渐地”。,Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way.This dictionary uses a 13 number of words,around 2,000,in its definitions.13.A.greatB.used C.totalD.limited13.D从后面的around 2,000可知词典中用于解释词义的词是限制在2,000左右。,When I read these definitions,I am 14 exposed to(接触)the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.15 this,I can express myself more easily in English.14.A.repeatedlyB.nearly C.immediatelyD.anxiously14.A在有限的范围内，查阅阅读释义的话，就会反复接触基本词汇、学会这些词汇是怎样解释事物和观点的，所以用repeatedly表示“反复地，经常地”。15.A.According toB.In relation to C.In addition toD.Because of15.D后面主句部分I can express myself more easily in English表达的是结果，此处表达的应该是原因，说明使用这种词典所带来的好处。,助读词汇,解答完形的两大策略 完形填空主要考查考生对语篇意义的理解,对上下文意义关系的把握。因此，解答完形填空题时,要从超出句子层面的语篇意义入手,注意上下文的逻辑关系。,完形填空,技巧点拨3,一个语篇一定是围绕某个话题进行的,同一话题就会有一些相关联的词语共同出现。如一篇谈学校生活的文章,有可能共同出现的单词：有teacher,classmate,student,classroom,library,laboratory,computer,score,maths,physics,study,desk,chair,holiday等,这种词汇共同出现的倾向性,就叫同现。同现关系包括反义关系和互补关系等。,作者为了阐述或强调某一概念，会将某一个单词的同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词、同源词等在文章中重复出现,这种现象叫复现。如以下这篇完形填空的文章是讲朋友之间有分歧时如何修复重归于好的,反复出现friends这个单词,这叫同词复现;表示“分歧”,文章中用了differences和disagreements,表示“关系”用了relationships和connections,这叫近义复现；friend与friendship叫同源复现。解答完形填空时,在理解全文大意的基础上,利用同现和复现,有助于快速准确地选出正确选项。,(2009江西)Peter and Paul had a permission from their parents to camp in a field close to their farm.But,being adventurous boys,they knew it would be more 1 to camp in the woods that lay beyond the river.1.A.surprisingB.exciting C.annoyingD.frightening1.B根据下句中的excitedly可知。,模拟训练,Excitedly,the boys 2 with their tent and food.Carrying their heavy 3,the two brothers walked along the riverbank,hardly noticing the distance or the sun beating down.2.A.went round B.went back C.went away D.went through3.A.load B.torn C.food D.storage,2.C只有go away 有“出发”之意。3.A根据上一段的tent and food 可知选load,这里是指所带的tent 与food 等物品,概括了选项B和C。,They were eager to reach their 4 before lunchtime.As they entered the cool,shadowy woods,they began to search for a suitable camping spot.4.A.grassland B.destination C.field D.river4.B reach their destination 到达目的地,Peter wanted to 5 close to the river at the edge of the woods,but Paul,who was older,insisted that they camp further away.5.A.liveB.lie C.waitD.stay5.D stay close to 靠近而居,相比stay 短暂居住而言,live 是指长久的生活是不大可能的。,6 Peter followed his brother deeper into the 7.“This really is a wonderful setting!”said Paul in excitement.6.A.Unconsciously B.Unfortunately C.Unwillingly D.Uninterestingly6.C 从上句but可知,弟弟Peter 是想住在河边,但哥哥Paul并不同意,所以只好unwillingly“不情愿”地跟在后面。7.A.woods B.farm C.setting D.camp7.A 从前面的一句woods 可知。,They 8 the tent,and settled down to eat the sandwiches they had made,then decided to find their way back to the 9 to catch some fish.“Are you sure that this is the right 10?”8.A.put off B.put on C.put down D.put up9.A.river B.hill C.sea D.pond10.A.place B.mark C.way D.time,whispered Peter shakily.“Im sure we passed that hollow tree just a while ago.”Paul walked on silently.“Look,there it is again.Were lost,arent we?”complained Peter.Paul had to admit that he didnt know where they were.After all,they were a long distance from where they were 11 to be.11.A.discoveredB.encouraged C.persuadedD.supposed11.D be supposed to“应该，理应”。,They were not even 12 of where they had set up their camp.They set in 13 for a few minutes until Peter had a bright idea.“Why dont we look for clues(线索)the way trackers 14 in the movies?12.A.afraid B.sure C.informedD.reminded13.A.enjoymentB.satisfaction C.disappointmentD.imagination14.A.appear B.do C.work D.behave,We werent careful about how we walked,so Im sure we would have left behind some broken tree branches and leaves.”Carefully,the boys 15 the marks that they had left,until finally they found their campsite.15.A.fetchedB.watched C.followedD.collected15.C 顺着他们留下的痕迹走。follow“跟随”。,Hurriedly,they packed their belongings and set off in the direction of the river.What would their parents think of their adventure?,助读词汇,解答完形的三项原则 解答完形填空应遵循以下三项基本原则。1.上下求索寻信息。这是因为有的空格的答案信息点在空格前，有的在空格后,有的在前文和后文都有出现，需要综合起来考虑或起相互印证的效果。如：,技巧点拨4,完形填空,The school decided that when the driver opened both the front and back doors,27 who were getting off the bus should get off first,and students who were getting on should get on later.(2010广东)27.A.parentsB.students C.teachersD.drivers解析：由下文与之并列的and students who were getting on should get on.可知,只能选B(students)。,2.左顾右盼找搭配。答题时,眼睛不能只盯在空格上,或盯在一个句子上,一定要“左顾右盼”,弄清前后的习惯搭配或句式结构。如：,On April 12,1888,Alfreds brother Ludwig died of heart attack.A major French newspaper 21 his brother for him and.(2009广东)21.A.foundB.misunderstood C.mistookD.judged解析：四个选项中,能与后面for搭配的,只有mistook;即mistake A for B(将A误以为B)。,3.思前想后通全文。有时，若单独看空格处或空格所在句，其中两个、三个甚至四个选项填入格中都没有语法错误，句子也通顺，但结合全文内容来理解，就只有一个是最佳答案了。因此，选择答案时，一定要考虑到此选项不但在本句中合符语境，而且要在全文中也讲得通，即贯通全文。如：,Nobel arranged in his will to.give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel Prizes,which would be awarded to people.who made great 29 to the causes of peace,literature,and the sciences.29.A.additionsB.sacrifices C.changesD.contributions解析:若单独看空格处,选项B、C、D都可以填,从文章内容或常识来看,诺贝尔奖金应当是奖给那些为世界和平、文学和科学等领域“作出过巨大贡献”的人,故只能选D。,(2010陕西)I used to live selfishly,I should admit.But one moment changed me.I was on my lunch break and had 1 the office to get something to eat.1.A.leftB.cleaned C.preparedD.searched1.A由本句中的to get something to eat及后文内容可知,作者“离开”了办公室外出了。,模拟训练,On the way,I 2 a busker(街头艺人),with a hat in front of him.I had some 3 in my pocket,but I would not give them to him，thinking to myself he would only use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol.2.A.led B.chose C.saw D.fooled2.C由末段中I saw the busker again可提到启示。3.A.chocolates B.coins C.tins D.drugs3.B根据空后的in my pocket可以推断出。,He 4 like that type-young and ragged.But what was I going to spend the money on?Only to feed my addiction to Coca-Cola or chocolate!I then 5 I had no right to place myself above him just because he was busking.4.A.acted B.looked C.sounded D.smelt4.B根据本句中的young and ragged可以推断出所填词和like构成搭配,意思是：看起来像。5.A.declared B.realized C.expected D.guessed5.B句意是：后来我意识到我不能把我置于他之上,因为他在街头卖艺。,I 6 and dropped all the coins into his 7,and he smiled at me,I watched for a while.6.A.waited B.followed C.stopped D.arrived6.C由后文的dropped和walked off可以推断出此处所填词意思是：停下来。7.A.rag B.hat C.pocket D.counter7.B由前文的with a hat in front of him可知。,As 8 as it sounds,I expected something more to come from that moment a feeling of 9 or satisfaction,for example.8.A.selfish B.awkward C.innocent D.special8.A根据文章首句可知。A.happiness B.sadness C.love D.hate9.A所填词与satisfaction并列,意思应该相近,由此可以推断出。,But nothing happened.10,I walked off.“It proved to be a waste of 11，”I thought.10.A.Disappointedly B.Unfortunately C.Coincidentally D.Comfortably10.A根据前一句But nothing happened可知此处选A,意思是：失望地。11.A.words B.effort C.space D.money11.D由前文的coins可知。,On my way home at the end of the 12,I saw the busker again and he was 13.I watched him pick up the hat and walk to a cafe counter.12.A.moment B.day C.break D.event12.B 根据本句中的on my way home可知所填词意思是：当天，一天。13.A.walking around B.passing by C.packing up D.running off13.C pack up：收拾行李,句意是：我看到他在收拾行李。,There he poured the 14 contents into a tin collecting for an earthquake fund-raising(募捐)event.He was busking for charity(慈善)！Now I donate any 15 I have to charity tins and enjoy the feeling of giving.14.A.chief B.basic C.actual D.total14.D 根据谓语动词poured可以推断出。15.A.work B.time C.energy D.change15.D change根据动词donate和have可以推断出。,selfishly 自私地 pocket 口袋addiction 嗜好 drug 毒品 alcohol 白酒ragged 破烂的 busk 卖艺 counter 柜台pour 倒进,助读词汇,解答完形填空题的4个步骤1.快速阅读,理解大意。首先要重视文章的首句,彻底理解第一句话的意思。其次,跳过空格,快速阅读全文,从整体上感知理解文章大意,弄清楚文章的大致结构。,完形填空,技巧点拨5,2.寻找线索,避难就易。边读边结合各选项的意义和用法,遵循先易后难的原则,先解决那些自己有把握的题。3.有的放矢,解决难题。通常在上文中难以判断的题在下文中可能有暗示,我们可以结合已经完成的空格更好地理解文意,再来集中精力解决剩下的难题。4.还原文章,多方验证。全部做好后,结合自己选择的答案还原文章,重新阅读短文,确保文意连贯,多方面验证答案的正确性。,(2010山东)It was a cool October evening.Excitement and family members filled the hall.I was only a 7 year old girl,but I was the center of 1.1.A.pressure B.impression C.debate D.attention,1.D 根据作者后面的描述可知,本句句意应为“我只有七岁,但是我是人们注意的中心”,所以用attention。,模拟训练,Finally,after weeks of preparation,I would 2 all my hard work in a dance of performance.Everything would be 3 so I thought.2.A.take overB.show off C.look afterD.give up2.B本题句意应为:最后，在经过了几周的准备之后,我要在舞蹈表演中展示我所做出的辛苦努力。表示“展示”用show off。3.A.reasonable B.suitable C.obvious D.perfect3.D根据后面的描述可知作者的这次表演失败了,所以本句句意应为“一切都应该是完美的我是这样认为的。”,I waited backstage all 4 in my black tights with a golden belt.In a loud and clear voice,the master of ceremonies announced that my class was next.My dance class was doing a routine on wooden boxes two feet by two feet,facing the 5.4.A.dressed upB.folded up C.covered upD.mixed up4.A本句描述了自己的穿戴，所以句意应为“我等在后台,穿着黑色的紧身衣,扎着金色的腰带。”表示“穿着”用dress up。5.A.music B.audience C.curtain D.stage5.B演出自然少不了观众,演员们要面对观众表演,本句意：我们的舞蹈班成员在一个两英尺见方的箱子上做固定的动作,面向观众。,All I had to do in the next move was put one foot on the box next to mine and keep my other foot on my box.It really was an 6 move.I was concentrating so much on 7 the huge smile on my face and holding my head up that I did not look where I was going.6.A.easy B.active C.adventurous D.extra6.A本句句意应为：我的动作真的非常简单。7.A.containing B.hiding C.sharing D.keeping7.D作者在本句中描述了出现失误前我的表演，本句句意应为“我脸上带着微笑，高昂着头，注意力如此集中以至于我没有看到我的脚伸向了哪里。”表示“保持某种状态”用keep，所以D项正确。,I missed my partners box altogether and 8.There I was standing on the stage floor when my classmates were on top of their boxes.I could hear giggles(咯咯笑)coming from the audience,and I felt the 9 rush to my face.8.A.wandered B.slipped C.waved D.skipped8.B本句句意应为“我没踩上同伴的箱子，滑倒了。”所以使用slip。9.A.blood B.pleasure C.pride D.tear9.A自己的表演出现了失误，肯定非常尴尬，所以本题句意应为“我能够听到观众席上传来的咯咯笑声，我感到血冲上了脸。”,I remembered my dance teacher had told us,“If you make a mistake,keep smiling so the audience will not 10.”I did my best to follow her 11 as I continued with the routine.10.A.leav