主谓一致 (3).ppt

主谓一致,知识网络(见书P243),熟读深思,My seatmate James,whose parents have been teaching1 English in Guangzhou for ten years,comes2 from the United States,which is3 one of the most developed countries in the world.He as well as his parents enjoys4 living in Guangzhou because neither James nor his parents find5 it difficult to adapt to the life in China.In their opinion,many a custom here is6 easy to understand and ten years is7 enough for them to get used to all the customs.,I,together with James,extremely like8 English but physics seems9 rather difficult for us.Besides,both he and I are10 very fond of reading story books,and the Arabian Nights is11 one of the most interesting books that have been read12 by us.Our class is13 united as a big family.Now the class are14 preparing for the coming sports meet,so large quantities of our recent time have been spent15on it.,What we need is16 a qualified coach because being trained properly is17 of great importance.We each are all aware that each of us plays18 an important role in our class.We have decided to hold a celebration if getting a good result but when and where we are going to hold it hasnt been decided.19,汉语译文:我的同桌詹姆士来自世界上最发达的国家之一的美国，他的父母在广州教英语长达十年了。他和他父母一样在广州生活得很开心，因为不管是詹姆士还是他的双亲都不觉得难以适应中国的生活。,他们认为这里的许多风俗习惯都很容易懂，十年的时间足以让他们习惯这里所有的风俗习惯。我和詹姆士都特别喜欢英语，但是物理对我们而言是相当难的。他和我都喜欢读故事书，天方夜谭是我们读过的一本最有趣的书。我们班团结得像一个大家庭。现在，全班同学正在准备即将到来的运动会，所以我们最近的大量时间都花在这上面了。我们需要的是一个合格的教练，因为恰当的训练十分重要。我们大家都认识到我们每一个人都在班集体里扮演着重要的角色。我们决定如果取得好成绩的话就开一个庆祝会，但庆祝的时间和地点还未确定。,1.语法一致原则，复数主语用复数动词。2.语法一致原则，单数主语用单数动词。3.意义一致原则，若主语形式上为复数，而意义上是单数，动词要用单数。本句中的the United States虽然形式主是复数，但指的是一个国家，替代它的which作主语，谓语用单数。4.语法一致原则，“A as well as/together with/with B”结构在主语位置时，主语是A，因此，谓语动词与A保持一致。,熟思深思,5.就近原则，由or、eitheror、nor、neither nor、not onlybut also、notbut连接的并列主语，通常按照就近一致原则，谓语动词的单、复数形式依照靠近它的主语而定。6.语法一致原则，many a、(很多)/more than one(不只一个)+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。7.意义一致原则，表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、度量、容量、温度等的复数名词做主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。8.语法一致原则，主语后面接说明主语的修饰语together with，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。,9.意义一致原则，以ics结尾表示学科的名词做主语，通常表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。10.语法一致原则，当主语是bothand连接的并列结构，如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，则谓语动词用复数。11.意义一致原则，复数形式的专有名词（表示国家、城市、机构、组织以及书籍、报纸、杂志等）做主语，通常作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数。,12.语法一致原则，one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the only，the very，the等限定词时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式,如没有这些限定词和修饰语，定语从句的谓语动词采用复数形式。13.意义一致原则，集体名词class如果作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。14.意义一致原则，集体名词class如果作个别成员看待，谓语动词用复数形式。,15.当“(large)quantities of+可数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。16.当what引导主语从句或由 and连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定。17.语法一致原则，非谓语动词(动词的ing形式、不定式)作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式。18.当“each+of+名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。19.语法一致原则，从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式。,主谓一致与广东高考,高考语法填空中每年必定有一题是考查谓语动词的,而谓语动词涉及时态、语态、语气,同时也包括主谓一致。例1(2011年)He _(pretend)that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.解析：在主格he后，pretend是谓语动词，又由与之并列的giving可知，是过去进行时，主语是第三人称单数，故填was pretending。,例2(2009年)“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,”Jane _(inform).解析：在主语Jane后的inform应是谓语动词，Jane与inform是被动关系，要用“be+过去分词”；由语境可知是一般过去时，主语是第三人称单数，故填was informed。另外，在写作中考生易犯主谓一致错误，我们要尽力避免。,1.Either you or the headmaster _(be)to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.,1.谓语与the headmaster一致，故be用第三人称单数is,“be+to do”表示安排好的事。,is,一、单句填空,2.The teacher,with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class,_(visit)a museum when the earthquake struck.,2.谓语与the teacher一致，又根据惯用句型结构was/were doing.when.可知，用过去进行时态。,was visiting,3.Two fifths of the land in that district _(be)covered with trees and grass.,3.谓语与the land一致，用单数。,is,4.Nowadays,a large number of women,especially those from the countryside,_(work)in the clothing industry.,4.因a large number of(许多)短语作主语，谓语用复数；由nowadays可知，用一般现在时。,work,5.With more forests being destroyed,huge quantities of good earth _(wash)away each year.,5.因qualities of作主语,谓语用复数；又需要用被动式，指近些年或近阶段正在发生的事，用现在进行时。,are being washed,6.He is the only one of the students who _(be)a winner of scholarship for three years.谓语应与the only one一致，又由for three years可知用完成时。7.Every possible means _(use)to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear.由every可知means是单数,由语境可知用完成时。,have been used,has been,8.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _(not,decide)yet.不定式作主语，谓语用单数；由yet可知用完成时。9.She has set a new record,that is,the sales of her latest book _(reach)50 million.主语是复数sales；又由前句的has set可知用现在完成时态。,has not been decided,have reached,10.Professor Smith,along with his assistants,_(work)on the project day and night to meet the deadline.,10.主语Professor Smith是单数，又由语境可知用现在进行时。,is working,二、语法填空,(1),It was astonishing that Hans 1 _(find)dead alone at 9 oclock on Sunday evening in his study two days before his 60-year-old birthday.The famous writer and photographer 2 _(see)in public at the press conference for the last time,saying his family 3 _(arrange)a big birthday party for him and his ex-wife as well as all of his good friends 4 _(be)going to attend his party.How he died 5 _(be)a mystery.,was found,was seen,were arranging,was,was,To find out the reason of his death,the police 6 _(call)to come immediately to the spot.The police found in the study there 7 _(be)a handbag and two new books that 8 _(say)not to belong to him.Each family member and each servant 9 _(ask)what they 10 _(do)between 7:00 and 9:00.According to their testimony(证词),both his wife and his mother 11 _(watch)TV in the sitting-room while his father was reading newspaper in his bedroom.,were called,was,were said,was asked,were doing,were watching,Running a supermarket 100 kilometers away 12 _(be)his only sons job so he was staying there during that time.Although 100 kilometers 13 _(be)not a long distance,he seldom went home.His daughter-in-law along with his two daughters 14 _(shop).Neither two female servants nor the male servant 15 _(be)at home because all of them 16 _(send)to the villa to help prepare the party.A further investigation was going to be carried out.,was,was,was shopping,was,were sent,(1)著名的作家兼摄影师汉斯在他60岁生日的两天前离奇地死于他的书房，警察到现场进行了勘察并对他的家庭成员及佣人进行了问话。1.was found 意义一致原则，Hans是以s结尾的人名，表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。2.was seen 意义一致原则，由and连接两个并列主语，其后的谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果两个单数名词指同一个人、同一事物、单一概念时，谓语动词要用单数，这两个名词通常共用一个冠词，本文是指同一个人“作家兼摄影师”。,3.were arranging 意义一致原则，family是集体名词，如果作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果作个别成员看待，谓语动词用复数形式，在该句表家庭成员，因此用复数。4.was语法一致原则，当“A+as well as+B”处于主语的位置时，谓语动词与A保持一致。5.was 语法一致原则，从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式。6.were called 意义一致原则，有生命的集体名词(如people，police，cattle，)作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。7.was 就近一致原则，由here或there引导的句子,若有并列主语,谓语与最靠近的那个主语一致;a handbag是单数，故填was。,8.were said 意义一致原则，关系代词作定语从句的主语时，其谓语动词的数和人称与先行词保持一致。9.was asked 语法一致原则，由and连接的并列主语前面分别有each，every，no修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。10.were doing 语法一致原则，复数主语用复数动词。11.were watching 语法一致原则，当主语是bothand连接的并列结构,如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物,则谓语动词用复数。12.was 语法一致原则,非谓语动词(动词的-ing形式、不定式)作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式。,13.was 意义一致原则,表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、度量、容量、温度等的复数名词做主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。14.was shopping 语法一致原则，当“A+along with+B”处于主语位置时，谓语动词的数与A保持一致。15.was 因neithernor 连接并列主语时，其后的谓语动词与nor后的名词一致，the male servant是单数，又是一般过去时，故填was。16.were sent 不定代词all作主语，谓语动词用单数还是复数，应根据其后所接词的单、复数形式而定。,Our school library,along with many other buildings,is very different from other schools.There 1 _(be)two computer rooms,three art rooms,a meeting room and a reading room in the library building.The number of the books 2 _(be)large,and maybe there are 100,000 books in it.It is said that all the books cost our school 200,000 dollars.Maybe 200,000 dollars 3 _(be)large to every student.,(2),are,is,is,In the era of knowledge explosion,the number of the students who 4 _(have)a thirst for knowledge is increasing day by day.Nowadays,our library has been developed into a multifunctional building.There are 50 computers in it.Many a student 5 _(like)to surf the Internet at weekends here,and now you can see that my classmates,Mike and John 6 _(play)computer games there.,have,likes,are playing,When you turn to another room,you will find that a professor and writer 7 _(deliver)a speech.Each boy and each girl 8 _(focus)on his interesting speech.Every time there is a wonderful speech,the audience always 9 _(cheer)up.You are entering our art exhibition.A teacher with his students is at the room.On the wall 10 _(be)100 pictures,which attract many students.An expert and teacher is explaining something important to us.,is delivering,is focusing,cheer/cheers,are,(2)本文主要介绍学校图书楼功能室以及周末学生在里面的活动情况。1.are 因there be句型中be动词常与离其最近的主语保持一致。2.is 主语是the number of+名词的复数时，谓语动词用单数形式。3.is 时间、金钱、距离，重量等的复数当一个整体来作主语时，谓语动词用单数。4.have 关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。5.likes 因many a+名词作主语时，尽管意义上是复数，但因中心词是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式。,6.are playing 两个名词由and连接作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。7.is delivering 当and连接的两个名词是指同一人时，谓语动词应该用单数形式。“a professor and writer”意思是“一个教授作家”。8.is focusing 用and连接的单数主语，前面有each,every,no等修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。9.cheer/cheers 集体名词group,class,family,army,audience等作主语时，如果强调集体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。10.are 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语保持一致。,