可数名词和不可数名词.ppt

,可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词和不可数名词,英语中的名词指的是一种抽象的或者具体的事物，它有可数和不可数之分。所谓可数名词指的就是在数量上可以计数，可以数出数量的事物；可数名词在他之前可以加上冠词a/an。而不可数名词前面是不可以直接家冠词的。所谓不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西。不可数名词一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a/an，若要表示它的个体意义时，一般需要将其量化。,请分类：water,egg,air,music,animal policeman,egg,animal,policeman,water,air,music,eggs,animals,policemen,-,可数和不可数名词,rule,clouds,moutains,flowers,可数名词一般是直接在名词后面加“S”,watches,boxes,fishes,buses,rule,rule,以字母 s,sh,x,ch结尾的单词，变为复数时在其后加es,dish-,bus-,fox-,fish-,dishes,buses,foxes,fish,fishes(种类),hero-heroes,tamato-tamatoes,potato-potatoes,buffalo-buffaloes,rule,骑着水牛（buffaloes）的英雄们(heroes)爱吃西红柿(tamatoes)和马铃薯(potatoes)。,其他以“o”结尾的单词直接加“S”,piano-,radio-,photo-,city-,key-,rule,元音字母+y结尾的：y-+s,cities,keys,leaves,rule,以f或者以fe结尾的单词，通常把f或者fe变成v,再加es,例：wife,knife,life,小结：可数名词复数的构成方法：,一般在名词后加-s读音：清辅音后读s，浊辅音和 元音后读z。：,dog-dogs book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds,2.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加-es读音：iz如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches；watch-watches,3.以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词加-es 读音：z。如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries country-countries library-libraries；city-cities 4.以o结尾的名词，一般直接加-s,少数词加-es 1）有生命的+es 读音：z 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes potato-potatoes 2)无生命的+s 读音：z 如：photo-photos radio-radios piano-pianos,5.以f,fe结尾的名词，一般变f,fe为v再加-es读音：z如：knife-knives，thief-thieves；wife-wives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves self-selves6.特殊变化的单词要熟记 child-children tooth-teeth man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,foot-feet。,除此之外，还有一部分名词单复数同形，如：fish鱼，deer鹿，sheep绵羊，works（工厂），means手段,Swiss瑞士人，Chinese中国人，news 新闻，goods 商品有一些名词则只有复数形式：trousers裤子，pants裤子，shorts短裤 glasses眼镜，compasses圆规，scales天平，pliers钳子，clips剪子“某国人”的复数有三种类型：（1）Chinese,Japanese,Swiss 三国人单数复数同形，不需加s；（2）Englishman,Frenchman,Dutchman复数要把 man 变为men；（3）其他各国人以an,-ian收尾的均直接加s。如：Americans,Australians,Indians等。可依照这个口诀记忆：中日不变，英法变，其他”s”加后面。,police publicfamily（家人）people（人们）the+姓s 例：the Smiths,表示复数的名词（复合名词）,史密斯一家人,My family(be)a big one.All my family(be)in China now.,is,are,rule,复合词的复数：改中心词为复数,girl students,例外：,woman teacher-women teachers man teacher-men teachers,news politicsmathsphysicsthermos,看似复数实际是单数的名词：,消息,政治,数学,物理,热水壶,1.No news good news.(be)2.I think maths very important.,is,is,chicken 小鸡/鸡肉room 房间/空间；位置work 作品/工作 paper 论文;报纸/纸 glass 玻璃杯/玻璃 time 次；倍/时间 wood 树林/木头 fish 鱼/鱼肉 exercise 练习/运动；锻炼light 灯/光 fruit(各种)水果/水果,既可作可数又可作不可数的名词：,What nice weather(天气)!,I have so much work to do.,What fun it is!,music,information,advice 建议,news 消息,常用不可数名词,英语中的名词分为可数名词和不可数名词1.可数名词是可以计数的，有单复 数之分，能直接被a,an和数词修饰。e.g.an apple four apples a book some books2.人们常把物质名词，抽象名词等视为不可数名词。不可数名词是不可以数的，一般只有单数形式，没有复数形式，不能直接被a,an和数词修饰。,e.g.meat rice milk water3.有些词有多种意思，而且随着意义的不同，名词的归类也会发生变化。e.g.1）fish(鱼肉)-不可数 fish（鱼）-可数：He likes eating fish.There are many fishes.(不同种类的鱼),2）fruit(水果的总称)-不可数名词 fruit(各种各样的水果)-可数名词：I see many vegetables and fruit.我看见许多蔬菜和水果。：There are all kinds of fruits.这里有各种各样的水果。,请观察下面表格中的内容,找出可数名词和不可数名词的不同点,然后补全后面的结论部分。,【结论】可数名词可直接和不定冠词 a/an或1_词连用来表示具体的数量；而不可数名词不能用不定冠词a,an或数词来修饰。但却可以被量词（a glass of coffee/water/juice），some，any，much等词修饰。,数,b.some意为“一些”,可以修饰可数名词,4 _(也可以/不可以)修饰不可数名词。c.表示“许多”时,5 _ 只能修饰可数名词复数,6 _只能修饰不可数名词。,much,也可以,many,d.（注意）不可数名词充当句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。：chicken _(be)very delicious.fish_(be)tasty.:These apples_ mine.Those books _ good.,is,is,are,are,much,a little,many,a fewa number of,some/a lot of,不可数名词,可数名词,可数不可数名词,不可数名词不能与数词连用，若要表示相应的数量，则需要借助一定的单位词,借助表示“张”、“块”的单位词,a piece of paper 一张纸 a piece of advice 一条建议a piece of news 一条新闻 a piece of chalk 一支粉笔,2.借助表示容量的词,a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水 a cup of tea 一杯茶a bowl of rice 一碗米饭 a glass of beer 一杯啤酒,3.借助表示重量的词,a kilo of salt 一公斤盐 ten tons of coal 十吨煤,4.借助表示形状的词,a drop of water 一滴水 a grain of sand 一粒沙,最常见的不可数名词有：advice,baggage,change(零钱),furniture（家具）,hair,homework,information,knowledge,luggage（行李）,money,news,progress,traffic其它不可数名词还有：absence,age,anger,courage,energy,equipment,experience,failure,fear,food,fun,health,ice,industry,kindness,labour,luck,marriage,music,nature,paper,peace,pleasure,power,pride,rain,research,respect,safety,salt,sand,silence,sleep,strength,snow,technology,time,trade,transport,travel,trust,truth,waste,water,wealth,weather,wind,world等。,可数名词不可数名词练习题一、写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange _ 2、class _ 3、text _ 4、monkey _ 5、piano_ 6、child _ 7、shelf _ 8、bed _ 9、country _ 10、family_ 11、toy _ 12、foot _ 13、Japanese _ 14、radio _ 15、photo _ 16、army_ 17、tomato _ 18、fox _ 19、woman _ 20、knife _ 22、sheep _,oranges,classes,texts,monkeys,pianos,children,selves,beds,countries,families,toys,feet,Japanese,radios,photos,armies,tomatoes,foxes,women,knives,sheep,二、选择填空 1.There _ on the wall.They are very beautiful.A.are photoes B.are photosC.is a photo D.is photos 2.This car _ made in Shanghai.A.is B.are C.were D.has 3.There are four _ and two _ in the group.A.Japanese,Germen B Japaneses,Germen C.Japanese,German C.Japanese,Germans 4.Thats_ art book.A.an B.a C.the D are,5.The boys have got_ already.A.two bread B.two breads C.two pieces of bread D.two piece of bread6.The old man wants _.A.six boxes of apples B.six boxes of apple C.six box of apples D.six boxs of apples7.There _ some_ in the river.A.is,fish B.are,fishs C.is,fishs D.are,fish8.There_ two _ in the box.A.is watch B.are watches C.are watch D.is watches,9.We should clean _ twice a day.A.our tooth B.our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth 10.The _ meeting room is near the reading room.A.teacher B.teachers C.teachers D.teachers 11.In Britain _ are all painted red.A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box 12.There are_ birds in that big tree.A.hundreds of B.five hundreds of C.five hundred of D.hundred of,