高中英语强调句解析.doc

强调句（一）强调句句型1、陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（强调主语且主语指人可以用who,当然也可以使用that）+ 其它部分。强调句式只是把句子中某些词(被强调部分)改变位置,所以把强调结构(it is/was. that/who)去掉之后,句子一定是完整的e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？e.g. When and where was it that you were born?4、强调句例句： I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.强调主语：It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 强调宾语：It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.强调地点状语：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.强调时间状语：It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.5、注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was ，其余的时态用It is 。（二）not until 句型的强调句 这也是出题点和考点,1、句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分e.g. 普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ till his wife came back.强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。（三）谓语动词的强调1、It is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必要小心啊！2、注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。（四）注意事项：1）在强调主语时，that 后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致。如： It is I who am a teacher.2）即使被强调的主语是复数，主句中的谓语动词也用单数。如： It is they who often help me with my lessons.3）在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不能用when，where，why或 how ，而要用that 。 如：It was because her mother was ill that she didnt go with us. It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty. It was the house that the murder happened.4）在强调not until 结构中由 until 短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：It is(was) not until .that. 注意此时原句的notuntil要变成not until ，that 从句中的谓语动词要用肯定式。如：My father didnt come home until 12 oclock last night.It was not until 12 oclock last night that my father came home.I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.5）原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来的各种时态，用It isthat (who)；如果原句谓语动词是过去各种时态，则用It was that(who)6）在强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，主句要用一般疑问句的语序。that后面的原句其余部分在移走了被强调部分后词序及词形都不可以改动。如：Did this happen in Beijing? Was it in Beijing that this happened?7）特殊疑问句中只有疑问词可以强调，其强调结构是“疑问词+is (was) it that.? "如：Where were you born? Where was it that you were born?8）强调句型容易和句型It is/was+名词+that名词从句混淆。如果把构成强调句型结构的词It is (was) that(who) 去掉，被强调部分归位后，应该能够形成一个完整 的句子（这也是判断是否是强调句型的方法）。但后者的It is/wasthat 是不可去掉的，否则that前的名词就找不到位置，原句也不再成立，如下面这个句子如去掉It is/wasthat就不再完整： It was the rule of the school that the pupils should wear their school uniforms强调句型还容易跟It is/was+形容词+that名词从句这一句型混淆。如：It is clear (obvious, true, possible, certain.) that . 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为”清楚(显然, 真的, 肯定)”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree.That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear.9)强调句可以用作宾语从句。如： He told me that it was because he was late for class that he was punished.I really cant remember where it was that I first met the man.10）强调句型可有如下变体：It is/was变成“情态动词+be”。如：It may be my bike that he is riding. It must have been the manager that spoke to you.11）与疑问词连用构成特殊疑问句和感叹句。如： Whom was it that Mr. Smith saw in the park yesterday? What a beautiful picture it is that you have drawn!12）被强调的名词或代词可带有一个定语从句。如： Was it Bill, who plays football well, that helped the blind man cross the road?It was in the school, where（or：in which） I once studied, that we hold a party.Was it in the house, which we visited last year, that the murder happened?13）强调原因状语从句要注意： 若从句由as或since引导，强调时则改为because，这是因为，because引导的原因从句表示的意义非常强烈，符合强调句的目的。例如： As she got up late, she missed the first bus. 变为It was because she got up late that she missed the bus.14）如果被强调的成分有同位语，同位语也应提前。 It was from him，his chemistry teacher，that Paul learned to watch carefully in class 15）被强调成分是作主语的代词，用主格，是作宾语的代词，用宾格It was he that helped me yesterday.It was me that he helped yesterday.16）被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who lt was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about17）易混句型1：It be+段时间+ since . “自从以来”该句型中的be动词通常为一般现在时态或现在完成时态,since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。例That was really a splendid evening. It s years since I enjoyed myself so much.2：It be+点时间+ when . “当的时候，是”该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句。Be动词的时态没有明确限制，点时间前不加介词。例. Did Jack come back early last night? Yes. It was not yet eight oclock when he arrived home. 3：It be+段时间+ before . “多久之后才”、“不久就”该句型主句中be动词的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是long, not long , days , weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。例 - How long do you think it will be before China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? - Perhaps two or three years. （五）句型练习1与主语从句的比较1. -Were all three people in the car injured in the accident?-No,_ only the two passengers who got hurt.A. it was B. there is C. it were D. there was2. -Who is making so much noise in the garden? - _ the children.A. It is B. They are C. That is D . There are3. It was _ she was about to go out _ the telephone rang.A. when ; that B. so; that C. before; then D. when; before4. It was _ he said _ disappointed me.A. what; that B. that; what C. that; when D. it; when5._ that silver is not widely used as a conductor?A. Why is B. Is it why C. Why is it D. Why is that6.-I cant find Mr. Smith .Where did you meet him this morning?- It was in the hotel _ he stated.A. that B which C. the one D. where7. It was in the small house _ was built with stones by his father _ he spent his childhood.A. which; that B, that ; where C, which; which D. that; which8. It was _ it was raining so hard that we had to stay at home all day.A. since B .for C. as D. because9. Is _ three hours _ the boy _family is poor to come to school on foot?A .it ;that; whose B. it; that it takes; whose C. it for ;that it takes; whose D. it; when ;that10. his wife left him without saying goodbye.A. that B .which C .when D. in which11. It is a winter night _he spent with me last night.A. that B. where C. as D .when12It is the young man _ looked for _ caught the murderer.A. that; who B. that; they C. they ;that D they ;which13. It was _ my teacher worked _ I work hard.A. where; that B. where； where C .that; that D. that ;where14. It was evening _ we reached the little town of Winchester.A that B. until C. since D. before15. It was until dark _ he found _ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.A. that; what B. that; that C. when; what D. when; that16. It was until last year that he _.A. left school for a new startB .came to realize the importance of learning English.C. worked as an English teacher at a middle schoolD .set out to build a new house of his town.17、It is the ability to do the job _ matters ,not where you come from or what you are.A. one B. that C .what D. it18. I dont know _ that you stay here.A. how long it is B. how long is it C. it is how long D. is it how long19、.It was _ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.A. we being late B. our being late C. we were too late D. because we were late20.-what was the party like?-Wonderful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself much.A. after B. before C .that D. since从句辨析 强调句将句子中的it is / was that同时省去，句子仍然成立；而主语从句将that与后面部分代替it，成立。如：(1) It is Li Leis brother that you met in the street yesterday. 你昨天在街上所见到的就是李蕾的兄弟。本句若将It is 及 that同时省去为：You met Li Leis brother in the street yesterday. 句子同样成立，因此前面的句子是强调句型。(2) It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou V. 我们成功地发射了神舟五号这件事情真令人兴奋。本句若将It is 及 that同时省去为：We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou V. 显然句子错误，因此，前面句子不是强调句型，而是主语从句。2与定语从句的比较强调句中的It没有实际意义，It be与that可同时被省略；而定语从句中的It是主语，It be与that不可同时省略； 强调句型中be的时态须跟后面句子的时态相一致；而定语从句中主句谓语动词be的时态须由主句的时间确定 强调句将句子中的that不能省略，并且即使前面的名词是事物时，也不能将that换成which；而定语从句中的that作宾语时可被省略，并且当先行词是事物时可用which代替。当it be后面的时间、地点名词作主语、宾语或表语时，引导词可用that / which；而作其他成分时，引导词须用when / which。如：(1) It is an English book (that / which) I bought yesterday. 它是我昨天买的书。(本句是对What is that?问句的回答，that所引导的是定语从句，that可被省略)It was the English book that I bought yesterday. 昨天我所卖的就是这本书。(本句相当于对I bought the English book yesterday中an English book进行强调)(2) It was a room where we used to have meetings. 它是我们过去常在开会的房子。(where 所引导的从句对前面的room进行说明，它是定语从句)It was in the room that we used to have meetings. 过去我们开会就在这间房子里。(in the room是被强调的部分，本句是强调句型)(3) It is a day when the people celebrate their victory. 这是人们庆祝他们的胜利的日子。 (when所引导的从句对a day进行说明，是定语从句)It was on that day that people celebrated their victory. 就在那一天，人们庆祝了他们的胜利。(强调on October 1, 1949)3与状语从句的比较状语从句句首的It本身就是句子的主语；而强调句首的It不作任何成分也没有实际意义。状语从句的连接副词that及句子前面的It be不能去掉状语从句的引导词可以是when / where，而强调句型中的that不能用其他词代替。如：(1) It is such an interesting book that we all like it very much. 它是一本如此有趣的书，我们大家都非常喜欢。(结果状语主从复合句)It is such an interesting book that we all like very much. 我们大家都非常喜欢的就是一本如此有趣的书。(强调such an interesting book)(比较：It is such an interesting book as we all like very much. 这就是我们大家都非常喜欢的如此有趣的书。定语从句)(2) It was already morning when he woke up. 当他醒来时，已经是早晨了。(时间主从复合句)It was the next morning that he woke up. 就在第二天早晨他醒来了。(强调the next morning)（六）容易误认为强调句的题型一、受基本结构的影响将非强调句型误判为强调句型大家知道，英语强调句型的基本结构是it isthat，而不是it is when，所以有的同学下题选择了A。 It was ten oclock _ he came back.A. that B. when C. so D. which其实此题最佳答案为B，这不是一个强调句型。when引导的是一个时间状语从句，全句意为“当他回来时，时间是10点钟”。比较以下强调句型：It was at ten oclock that he came back. 他是10点钟回来的。It was after ten oclock that he came back. 他是在10点过后回来的。It was before ten oclock that he came back. 他是在10点前回来的。再比较：It is autumn when leaves fall. 当树叶落的时候就是秋天了。It is in autumn that leaves fall. 树在秋天落叶。另外，下面的句子也不是强调句型：1. Its a long time _ I met you last. A. that B. since C. when D. which2. It was more than a year now _ he had seen her. A. that B. since C. when D. which3. “Was it here _ you were away talking to a friend?” “Sure. But when I got back there, it was gone.” A. that B. while C. which D. where以上三题均选B，即前面两句填since，其意为“自从”；第3题填while，其意为“在期间”。二、受疑问句式的影响将强调句型误判为非强调句型。如： 1. When was _ that the general manager left for Japan?A. he B. it C. that D. since答案选B，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式。可视为 It was in May that the general left for Japan的特殊疑问句形式。2. “How was _ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.”A. it that B. he that C. it when D. he which答案选A，为强调句的特殊疑问句形式，其相应的陈述句形式为：It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.3. Who was it _ saved the drowning girl? A. since B. as C. that D. he答案选C，被强调成分为 who，该句实为类似 It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的Tom 提问而得）。4. What is it _ his daughter needs most? A. what B. which C. that D. if答案选C，被强调成分为 what，该句实为类似 It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式（即对其中的a bike 提问而得）。三、受复杂结构的影响将强调句型误判为非强调句型。如： 1. It might have been John _ bought a present for Mary yesterday.A. that B. when C. what D. which答案选A，为强调句型，只是其中的动词be采用了might have been这一复杂结构。2. It was what he meant rather than what he said _ annoyed me.A. which B. as C. what D. that答案选D，为强调句型，被强调部分为 what he meant rather than what he said，句意为“让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思”。 3. It was his nervousness in the interview _ probably lost him his job.A. which B. since C. that D. what答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 his nervousness in the interview，句意为“很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去了这份工作”。 4. It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are.A. one B. that C. what D. it答案选B，为强调句型，被强调成分为 the ability to do the job，句意为“重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么工作的”。 5. It was just in the room _ he was born _ he died.A. where, which B. that, that C. where, that D. which, that答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分是 in the room，where he was born 为修饰 the room 的定语从句。 6. It was _back home after the experiments.A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didnt goC. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didnt go答案选C，为notuntil句式的强调结构(it be not untilthat)句式的强调结构。 7. It was with great joy _ he received the news _ his lost daughter had been found.A. because, when B. which, that C. since, how D. that, that 答案选D，第一空填that，构成强调句型，被强调成分为 with great joy；第二空也填that，用以引导同位语从句，修饰名词the news。8. I dont know _makes her afraid of having her business discussed.A. what it is about Mary that B. that is it about Mary whatC. what is it about Mary that D. that is about Mary what答案选A，在通常情况下，强调结构的特殊疑问句形式为“疑问词+is it that?”，但此题强调的是宾语从句，其语序与陈述句相同，所以是what it isthat四、受插入语的影响将强调句型误判为非强调句型。如：1. It was lack of money, not of effort, _ defeated their plan.A. which B. as C. that D. what答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入了 not of effort这一成分，许多同学便看不出这是强调结构。 2. It was because of English girlfriend, believe it or not, _ his English improved so greatly.A. which B. as C. that D. what答案选C，为强调句型，被强调成分为 because of English girlfriend。由于句中插入了believe it or not这一成分，致使许多同学误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句。五、受省略结构的影响将强调句型误判为非强调句型。如：“Who are making so much noise in the garden?” “_ the children.”A. It is B. They are C. That is D. There are答案选A，答语为强调句型 It is the children who are making so much noise 之省略。六、因忽略句子结构而将强调句型误判为非强调句型。如：_ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.A. It was we being late B. It was our being lateC. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late此题容易误选D，认为强调的是原因状语从句 because we were late。但实际上，此题的答案为B，强调的是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为：Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual. 注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构 it is was that，句子仍然成立；换句话说，该结构中的 it is was that that 不能充当句子成分，而实际上句中的动词cause需要有自己的主语。 常见陷井题：1. _ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.A. It was we being late B. It was our being lateC. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为强调的是原因状语从句 because we were late.【分析】但实际上，此题的答案为B，强调的是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即为： Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.注意，强调句的一个显著特点是，若去掉强调结构 it is was that，句子仍然成立；换句话说，