初中英语教案试论定语从句.doc
初中英语教案-试论定语从句 贵州省长顺县广顺中学 定语从句是英语学习中的重点，也是英语学习中的难点，要学好定语从句要了解以下几点：首先，了解什么是定语从句，定语从句是一种用句子作定语，修饰名词或代词的主从复合句，通常直接跟在被修饰名词或代词之后，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句一般由关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系代词或关系副词一方面连接定语从句，另一方面其本身又在定语从句中充当某个句子成份。eg：She is a girl who just can't say no. girl 为先行词，who just can't say no 为定语从句，关系词who 在整个定语从句中作主语。常见的关系代词who(whom)指人、that 指人或物、whose，关系副词when、where以及why、how。关系代词在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。eg： (1)He laughs best who laughs last.(who 在定语从句中作主语)（2）David is the boy whom /who you have talked to. (who/whom作定语从句的宾语)（3）This is the window whose glass is broken.(whose作定语)（4）Tell me the reason why you are late.(why 在定语从句中作状语)到底用关系代词还是关系副词，就看定语从句中缺少什么，如果缺少主语、宾语、定语就用关系代词，如果缺少状语就用关系副词。其次，应注意定语从句中的谓语动词一般应与先行词保持人称和数的一致。eg：This is the only one of the students who is from Canada.先行词 单数定语从句中的动词时态应根据句意及上、下文而定，主句和从句可用不同的时态。eg:Where is the comrade whom I saw yesterday. 现在时 过去时第三，定语从句，分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，关系十分密切，如果省去主句的意思就不完整，该从句不能用逗号和主句分开。eg:That is a man who found my handbag.非限制性定语从句是先行词和整个主句的附加说明，关系不是十分密切，若省去，主句的意思仍然清楚，该从句前常用逗号和主句分开。eg：She was a good mother, who loved her children very much.需要注意引导非限制性定语从句指事或物时只用which。eg：The trees near the house, which I planted three years ago, are growing up well.第四，运用定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词要注意以下几点：1.介词关系词（即关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语，如果介词放在关系代词的前面，则关系代词指人只能用whom，指事或物只能用which。）who is the comrade with whom you shook hands just now?The boy lives in the house in front of which there is a tall building.当然，当介词放在从句的句末时，关系代词的用法不受以上限制。2.关系代词that 可指人也可指物，但在下列情况下一般用that 引导，不用which/who。1)当先行词为nothing, anything, everything, all, much, little, none, few，等不定代词时常用that，但something可用which。 eg：I can give you all that I can get.2)当先行词被only, last 等修饰时常用that。eg：This is the only picture that is inter esting.3)当先行词被数词、形容词最高级来修饰时常用that，不用which。eg：That is the longest river that runs through our village.4)主句中有两个先行词，且一个表示人，另一个表示物，即先行词同时有人或物时常用that。eg：We talked about the persons and the things that had never happened in school. 人 物关系代词本身在定语从句中用作表语，用that引导定语从句，但that 常省略。eg:Our hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.6)若句中有两个定语从句，前一个定语从句已用了关系代词which，则第二个定语从句中的关系代词常用that。eg： Edison set up a factory which produced things that had never seen before. 试论定语从句
