[高中一级]高考英语命题潜规则.doc

高考英语命题潜规则·单词拼写（1）1. laywer在近五年中至少考过两次：(1) Sydney wants to become a _(律师) in the future.（2009全国II卷）(2) He is an excellent _ (律师) with a good brain and a determination to achieve.（2009陕西卷）2. plastic在近五年中至少考过两次：(1) He put the rubbish into the _（塑料）bag and took it downstairs.（2011全国卷II）(2) If you cannot find wooden boxes, you may use either _ (塑料的) or metal ones instead.（2009陕西卷）3. ceiling在近五年中至少考过两次：(1) Tall people like rooms with high _ (天花板). （2011全国卷II）(2) He turned on the television set hanging from the _ (天花板).（2007陕西卷）4. neighbour在近五年中至少考过两次：(1) One of our _ (邻居) kept a very beautiful garden.（2008全国II卷）(2) Leave your key with a _ (邻居) in case you lock yourself out one day.（2008陕西卷）另外，五年前的2005在浙江卷中也考过此词：Our next-door n_ says shell look after out cat while were away. 5. favourate在近五年中至少考过两次：(1) My _ (最喜欢的) colour is green.（2010国卷II）(2) What is your _（最喜欢的）color?（2007全国卷II）6. aplogize和apology在近五年中至少考过三次：(1) He _（道歉）publicly for his mistake the day before yesterday.（2011全国II卷）(2) I have an _ (道歉) to make to youIm afraid I opened your letter by mistake.（2011陕西卷）(3) Yesterday Michael a _ to his boss for being late.（2008浙江卷）另外，2000年在全国卷中也考过此词：I must _(道歉) for not having been able to write to you sooner.注：由于考查单词拼写的考卷不多，所涉及的单词太有限，为了尽量为同学们展示高考英语对单词拼写的考查规律，本专题除了使用近5年的高考题外，也使用了部分近5年之外的高考题，特此说明。命题潜规则1 考查拼写很简单的常用词不要以为高考单词拼写题只考查难词或长词，其实有时也考查一些拼写很简单的常用词，但比较而言，陕西卷考查简单单词的机会要比全国卷考得多。【验证潜规则】(1) He has devoted his whole life to world _(和平).（2011陕西卷）(2) The smell of _（新鲜的）bread and frying eggs filled the kitchen.（2011陕西卷）(3) The symptoms of flu may be unpleasant, but they_ (消失) within a few days.（2011陕西卷）(4) The car is running at a _(速度) of eighty kilometers an hour.（2010陕西卷）(5) The teacher is glad that everyone in her class is _ (渴望的) to learn.（2010陕西卷）(6) He tried to _(解释), but she wouldnt listen.（2010陕西卷）(7) The local government is _(讨论) how to help the poor in the countryside.（2010陕西卷）(8) We sat chatting for a few _(分钟) after finishing our meal.（2010陕西卷）(9) The baby in the next room _ (睡醒) and began to cry.（2010全国卷II）(10) Farmers are reporting a very big _(收成) this year.（2009全国卷II）(11) Owning a house of their own is a _ (梦想) for the young couple.（2009陕西卷）(12) We will _ (参加) a meeting to celebrate the sixtieth birthday P. R. China.（2009陕西卷）(13) We left the road and _ (爬) the hill towards the wood.（2009陕西卷）(14) This cake t _ delicious. Would you like a try?（2008浙江卷）(15) These books b_ to SarahI must give them back to her.（2008浙江卷）(16) Plants and a_, including humans, need food and water to survive.（2008浙江卷）(17) He was p_ of the Olympic Gold Medal he won for his country.（2008浙江卷）(18) Each student is allowed to borrow two books at a time from the school l_.（2008浙江卷）(19) About 71 percent of the earths surface is c_ by water.（2008浙江卷）(20) People with a poor memory often f_ things.（2007浙江卷）(21) Spring is a s_ when trees turn green and flowers open.（2007浙江卷）(22) George was born on June 1, so Childrens Day is also his b_.（2007浙江卷）(23) He caught a high f_. His body temperature was as high as 40. （2007浙江卷）NextPage答案：(1) peace(2) fresh(3) disappear(4) speed / rate(5) eager(6) explain(7) discussing(8) minutes(9) awoke / awaked (10) harvest(11) dream(12) attend (13) climbed(14) tastes (15) belong(16) animals (17) proud(18) library (19) covered(20) forget(21) seaon(22) birthday(23) fever命题潜规则2 考查表示月份的名词英语中表示月份的单词只有12个，但它们在高考英语的单词拼写中却非常活跃，建议同学们一定要记住这些词，因为它们除了出现在单词拼写题中外，还书面表达中也经常用得得，January 一月February 二月March 三月April 四月May 五月 June 六月July 七月 August 八月September 九月 October 十月November 十一月December 十二月【验证潜规则】(1) Were taking our vacation in _(七月).（2011全国卷II）(2) Both my parents were born in _ (十月), but five years apart.（2011陕西卷）(3) The course will start in _ (十二月).（2010全国卷II）(4) Mr. White announced that he would go to China in _ (二月).（2010全国卷II）(5) (一月) is the first month of the year.（2006全国卷）答案：(1) July(2) October(3) December(4) February(5) January补充：除表示月份的名词外，还有表示星期的名词，表示学科的名词等，也值得注意。如：a. 表示星期的名词：Monday 星期一Tuesday 星期二Wednesday 星期三 Thursday 星期四Friday 星期五Saturday 星期六 Sunday 星期日 b. 表示学科的名词：politics 政治physics 物理chemistry 化学geography 地理biology 生物mathematics / math(s) 数学命题潜规则3 考查某些以-tion结尾的名词英语中以-tion结尾的名词很多，但重点要注意的只有以下一些：addition 加，增加application 申请celebration 庆祝communication 交际，交往competition 比赛congratulation 庆贺connection 联系construction 建设conversation 谈话description 描述dictation 听写direction 方向education 教育exhibition 展览explanation 解释generation 一代graduation 毕业information 信息instruction 说明introduction 介绍invention 发明invitation 邀请operation 手术organization 组织pollution 污染population 人口production 生产pronunciation 发音regulation 规章relation 关系satisfaction 满意situation 形势suggestion 建议translation 翻译vacation 假期【验证潜规则】(1) The English teacher gives the class a _ (听写) almost every day.（2008全国卷II）(2) Please give my (祝贺) when you see her.（2006陕西卷）(3) The book gives a short _（描述）of the city.（2007全国卷II）(4) Oliver was unable to give police a _(描述) of his attacker.（2005全国卷）(5) The artist held an _(展览) of his works last month.（1997年全国卷）(6) Xian International _ (展览) Center has attracted many business people.（2007陕西卷）(7) Several new railways are under _(建设) in China.（1996年全国卷）答案：(1) dictation(2) congratulations(3) description(4) description(5) exhibition(6) exhibition(7) construction命题潜规则4 考查某些以-ous结尾的形容词英语中以-ous结尾的形容词不多，比较重要的有：anxious 忧虑的curious 好奇的dangerous 危险的delicious美味的famous 著名的humorous 富于幽默的nervous 紧张不安的obvious 显然的poisonous 有毒的precious 宝贵的religious 宗教的serious 严重的，认真的various 各种各样的【验证潜规则】(1) It is _ (危险地) for children under five years old to be left alone at home.（2010全国卷II）(2) He was _ (好奇) to know what was happening in the office.（2008陕西卷）(3) Children are _(好奇) about everything around them.（1996全国卷）(4) With no adults around, its d_ for children to swim in the river.（2007浙江卷）(5) Honestly I thought the fried chicken was (可口的).（2006陕西卷）(6) Zhejiang is f_ for tea and silk.（2005浙江卷）命题潜规则5 考查某些以-ly结尾的副词英语中以-ly结尾的副词很多，因为许多形容词都可以通过加后缀-ly来构成副词：attentively 专心地carefully 仔细地certainly 当然clearly 清楚地comfortably 舒服地deeply 深深地easily 容易地                      especially 尤其eventually 最终地exactly 确切地extremely 非常fairly 相当fluently 流利地foolishly 愚蠢地gradually 逐渐地happily 幸福地，幸亏hardly 几乎不heavily 重重地，大量地immediately 立即lately 最近likely 很可能mentally 精神上merely 只不过naturally 自然地partly 部分地personally 就自己而言possibly 可能地，也许          probably 很可能properly 适当地quickly 迅速地really 真正地                       recently 最近simply 简单地slightly 稍微suddenly 突然totally 完全地unfortunately 不幸地ususlly 通常weekly 每周地widely 广泛地willingly 乐意地注意，做这类题，如果所给中文中已带有“地”这个副词性标志，则通常可以直接使用副词，但如果所给中文中没有“地”这个副词性标志，则要根据句子的语法结构考虑是否该用副词（看是否是用作状语）。【验证潜规则】(1) Youll _（逐渐）get better at itits just a question of practice.（2011全国卷II）(2) Christophe Bites was born and brought up in France, but he speaks English _ (流利地).（2011陕西卷）(3) I have been _(深深地) impressed by a number of experiences in her life.（2010陕西卷）(4) China Daily is _ (广泛地) read in North America.（2009陕西卷）(5) The acceptance of new members is _ (严格) controlled.（2008陕西卷）(6) I u_ go to bed at 10:00 p.m., but I stayed up till 11:00 last night.（2008浙江卷）(7) There are only five minutes left. Well have to walk q_ to get there on time.（2007浙江卷）(8) You will be better accepted if you can speak more _ (自然地) in public.（2005全国卷）(9) Dont be frightened by the television camera. Just speak_(自然地).（1998全国卷）(10) Well, youve acted (愚蠢地) and you will pay for it.（2006陕西卷）(11) We were talking on the phone when, _(突然), the line went dead.（2007陕西卷）(12) Attention please, the game will begin _ (立刻).（2005全国卷）(13) The telephone rang, and he answered it i_.（2005浙江卷）(14) It is (稍微) colder today than it was yesterday.（2006全国卷）(15) I cant tell one from the other because they are only _(细微) different.（2000全国卷）(16) _ speaking (一般来说), parents care more about their childrens health than about their own.（2000全国卷）(17) I changed into my sports shoes so that I could walk more _(舒服).（1997全国卷）(18) The students were listening to the teacher _(专心).（1996全国卷）命题潜规则6 考查某些以-age结尾的形容词英语中以-age结尾的词不多，下面为同学们归纳了20余个：(1) 名词类：advantage 优势baggage 行李cabbage 卷心菜cottage 村舍，别墅courage 勇气garage车库language 语言luggage 行李marriage 结婚message 信息package 包裹passage 一段sausage 香肠，腊肠voyage 航行，旅行(2) 形容词类：average 平均的，普通的savage 野蛮的(3) 动词类：damage 毁坏，损害encourage 鼓励engage 使从事，使订婚 manage 管理，对付【验证潜规则】(1) When things arent going well, my parents always _(鼓励) me, telling me not to give up.（2010陕西卷）(2) I want to thank everyone who has (鼓励) and supported me .（2006全国卷）(3) On _ (平均), people who dont smoke are healthier than people who do.（2009全国II卷）(4) Do you know the _(平均) monthly rainfall in this area?（1999全国卷）(5) Ive got an (普通) sort of car, nothing special.（2006全国卷）(6) Theres a _（留言）from Karen on the phone.（2007全国II卷）(7) When I got home after the holiday there were a lot of _(留言) in my phone.（2000全国卷）(8) For a goalkeeper, its a great _ (优势) to have big hands.（2009全国II卷）答案：(1) encourage(2) encouraged (3) average(4) average(5) average(6) message(7) messages(8) advantage命题潜规则7 考查某些以-ize / -ize结尾的动词中学英语中以-ize / -ise结尾的词非常有限，只有以下几个（一定要记住它们）：apologize / apologise 道歉emphasize / emphasise 强调organize / organise 组织realize / realise 认识到，实现recognize / ecognise 认出【验证潜规则】(1) He _（道歉）publicly for his mistake the day before yesterday.（2011全国II卷）(2) I must _(道歉) for not having been able to write to you sooner.（2000全国卷）(3)Lisa, I didnt _ (认出) youyouve had your hair cut!（2008全国卷II）(4) A man I _ (认出) as his father sat with a newspaper on his knees.（2007陕西卷）(5) I _ (认出) Mike the moment I saw him.（1999全国卷）(6) The National Games were well _(组织).（1996全国卷）答案：(1) apologized / apologised(2) apologize / apologise(3) recogized / recogised(1) apologized / apologised(1) apologized / apologised【补充】下面一题考查了apologize的名词形式apology：I have an_(道歉) to make to youIm afraid I opened your letter by mistake.（2011陕西卷）命题潜规则8 考查用法上容易在出错词形由于高考对单词拼写的考查要求所填单词能使句子语法正确，也就是说所填单词必须使用正确的形式。所以高考命题者有时也会考查某些其原形非常简单，但其变化形式（如动词的过去式和过去分词，名词的复数、形容词和副词比较等级、与基数词相对应的序数词等）比较易错的单词，如mouse表示“老鼠”时，其复数是mice，但表示“鼠标”时，其复数可以是mice，也可以是mouse；又如hang表示“绞死”时，其过去式和过去分词均为hanged，但表示“悬挂”时，其过去式和过去分词即是hung；等等。【验证潜规则】(1) The cards had been_(卡住) through the letterbox. （2011全国卷II）(2) Many of his finest pictures are _(悬挂) in the national museum. （2009全国II卷）(3) Their office is on the_(第九) floor.（1998全国卷）【答案】(1) stuck。不能写成sticked。(2) hung。不能写成hanged。(3) ninth。不能写成nineth。命题潜规则9 考查用法上容易在出错词性命题者有时会从英语与汉语在表达差别方面命题单词拼写题，比如有些表达在汉语中没有“的”的意思，但在英语中却要译成“的”，如“技术培训”，说成英语应是technical training，而不是technique training；有时在汉语中只需用基数词即可，但在英语中却必须要用序数词，如“某人60岁生日”，说成英语必须是ones sixtieth birthday，而不能是ones sixty birthday；等等。【验证潜规则】(1) Smith went to Chicago for_(技术) training.（2011全国卷II）(2) Bob is six feet in_(身高).（2011全国卷II）(3) Two years later, he left his parents and entered a _ (医学的) college.（2010全国卷II）(4) Sarah lives with her husband and children in a flat in _ (中心) London.（2009陕西卷）(5) Weve got to be _(实际) and buy only what we need.（1997全国卷）(6) The _ (第十二) man in a football team will play if one of the other players is ill.（2008陕西卷）【答案】(1) technical。不能写成 technique。(2) height。不能写成high。(3) medical。不能写成medicine。(4) central。不能写成centre。(5) practical。不能写成practice。(6) twelfth。不能写成twelve。(1) Eve was cutting the grass, and_（同时）Les was planting roses. （2011国卷II）(2) Several companies have announced their intention to_(竞争) for the construction project.（2011陕西卷）(3) I hope to be back in a _ (两星期).（2010国卷II）(4) _ (水桶) are often used for holding and carrying water.（2010国卷II）(5) They look like the teeth of a _ (凶猛的) animal.（2010国卷II）(6) Miss Harper closed her eyes and _(假装) to be asleep.（2010陕西卷）(7) I washed and _(剃须), then hurried out of the house.（2009全国II卷）(8) John missed the game because of _(胃) pains.（2009全国II卷）(9) Callie will start _(幼儿园) in September.（2009全国II卷）(10) The old lady needs a few feather _(枕头) to make herself comfortable.（2009全国II卷）【答案】(1) meanwhile / meantime(2) compete(3) fortnight(4) Bukets(5) fierce(6) pretended(7) shaved(8) stomach(9) kindergarten(10) pillows1. bargain(1)You can get even better deals if you are prepared to _(讨价还价).（2011全国卷II）(2)The car was a (廉价货) at that price.（2006陕西卷）【答案】(1) bargain (2) bargain2. invent(1) Alexander Graham Bell became famous overnight by _（发明）the telephone.（2011陕西卷）(2) Alexander Graham Bell i the telephone.（2006浙江卷）【答案】(1) inventing (2) invented3. habit(1) Jeff has the _ (习惯) of listening to music while reading.（2010陕西卷）(2) Parents should help their children to form good _ (习惯).（1997全国卷）【答案】(1) habit (2) habits4. remind(1) She _ (提醒) me that I hadnt written to Mother.（2010全国卷II）(1) The photo will r_ me of the days when we were together.（2007浙江卷）【答案】(1) reminded (2) remind5. finger(1) He was about to speak but she raised but she raised a _ (手指) to her lips.（2009陕西卷）(2) Pauline had a ring on her f_, so I guessed she was married.（2005浙江卷）【答案】(1) finger (2) finger6. translate(1) The book is_(翻译) from Russian.（1998全国卷）(2) The story was first written in English and later _ (翻译) into Chinese.（2008全国卷II）【答案】(1) translated (2) translated7. broadcast(1) They football game was _(播出) live on TV across Europe.（2007全国卷）(2) Does Radio Beijing _(播送) the news every hour on the hour?（1996全国卷）【答案】(1) broadcast / broadcasted (2) broadcast8. accept(1) They offered me a ticket for the concert, and I a_ it with delight.（2007浙江卷）(1) I am pleased that he gladly _ (接受) our invitation.（1997全国卷）【答案】(1) accepted (2) accepted9. separate(1) The little girl got _ (分开) from the group in the dark.（2005全国卷）(2) A fence at the back of the garden _(分开) us from the neighbors.（1998全国卷）【答案】(1) separated (2) separates / separated10. weather(1)The w_