高考英语专题讲解介词 .doc

介词复习介词又叫前置词，是种虚词。介词分为三种，一种是简单介词，如at, in, on, beside, to , for等；另一种是短语介词，即由两个以上的词组组成的短语，如in front of, because of, out of, instead of等；还有一种叫二重介词，如until after, from behind等一）介词的句法功能介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。1作定语：The book on the table is mine. 2作状语：We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）They were late for meeting because of the rain.（表原因）；They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）3作表语：My dictionary is in the bag. Health is above wealth. 有些介词(如because of)引出的短语通常只用作状语，不用作表语： 误：His absence is because of the rain.  正：His absence is due to the rain. 他因雨未来。 但若主语是代词(不是名词)，because of 引出的短语可用作表语： It is because of hard work.4作宾语补足语I found him in the office. Her illness kept her in bed for a week. 用作宾语补足语的介词短语在相应的被动语态中则为主语补足语： He was regarded as a hero. 他被看成是英雄。  5. 用作宾语 A man stepped out from behind the wall. He cannot spare any time except on Sunday. 除星期日外他抽不出时间。 6. 用作主语 Between 6 and 7 suits me. 六点到七点对我比较适合。 介词短语通常不作主语，尽管有时也像上面这样作主语，但通常可视为在一定上下文中有所省略： “When are we going to have the next meeting?” “On Tuesday may be convenient.”  on Tuesday 虽作主语，但可视为其前省略meeting： Meeting during the vacation may be convenient.练习1. The teacher is writing _ a piece of chalk on the blackboard while the students are writing _ink in exercise books. A. with, in B. in, with C. in, in D. with, with2. The worker can make chairs _ wood, and also can make paper _wood. A. from, of B. of, from C. of. of D. from, from3. Mary dropped in _Mr Smith, but he wasn' t at home, so she went to drop in _ Mr Smith's office.A. on, on B. at, at C. on. at D. at. on4. The teacher is not only strict _ his pupils but also strict _ his own work. A. with, with B.in,inC. in, withD. with, in5. His grandfather died _ the wound that the enemy soldier had given him .and then his grand-mother died _ hungry and cold.A.from,of B.of,fromC.from,from D.of.of6. If you run _ two hares you will catch neither.A.into B.afterC.offD.out of7. This is a common mistake _ students. A. between B.over C. among D. about8. My father began to work _ a bus driver when he was twenty years old. A.for B.toC.atD.as9. _ hearing the news, I was wild _ joy. A. At, in B. On, with C. After, by D. /, over10.I don' t think Xiao Li is _ the other students _ mathematics.A. after, on B. after, withC. behind, inD. behind, at二）主要介词区别1、表示时间的at, in, onat表示片刻的时间：at 8 oclock ，at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Yearin表示一段的时间：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the futureon总是跟日子有关，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等2、表示时间的since和fromsince表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.3、表示时间的in和after：两者都表示“在（某个时间）之后区别在于in表示“在（一段时间）之后”， in短语和将来时态连用而after则表示“在（某一具体时间点之后）”，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用Well be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?注意：after有时也可表示在一段时间之后（常用在过去时里） After two months he returned.4、表示地理位置的in, on, to：in在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。Changchun is in the northeast of China.Mongolia is on the north of China.Japan is to the east of China.11. Nobody knows it _ me.A. except for B. except that C. besides D. but12. The window is never opened _ in summer. A. but B. exceptC. except forD. but for13. It happened _ the Long March.A. during B.in C.at D.for14. We go to school _ a bike. A.in B.on C.by D.ove15. It's very kind_ you to repair the bike _ me.A.for.for B.of,ofC.of,forD.for,of16. Fresh air is good _ your health.A.at B.for C.of D.to17.The boy is waiting _ his sister and they will go to the hospital to wait _ their sick mother. A.for,on B.on,forC.for,forD.on.on18.The group is made up_five students. And they are studying hard to make up_ the lost time. A.of,of B.for,forC.of,forD.for,of19.The PLA man saved the boy _ death.A. of B.from C.to D.on20. He will come _ three days.A.before B.after C. in D. later21. He went to Beijing and returned _ three days.A. in B. beforeC. laterD. after22. He will return_ three o'clock.A.after B.in C.on D.at23. He wrote the article _ three days.A.at B.inC.on D.by24.I agree _ what you said.A.to B.on C.with D.at25. Do you agree_ this plan (arrangement)?A.at B.withC.on D.to26. Finally they agreed _ the terms of the contract.A.on B.to C.with D.at27. Do you often hear_ your brother?A. of B. from C. out of D. about28.1 heard _ the book long ago, but I have never read it.A. out B.from C.of D.with29. The plane flew _ the city. A. across B.past C. through D.over30. We walked _ the Tian An Men Square to the Museum of Chinese History.A. across B. through C.by D.past5、表示“在上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.6、表示“穿过”的through和across：through表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。 Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作“最后”、“终于”解，可单独使用，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示“在末梢”，“到尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在结束时”，“到末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。In the end they reached a place of safety. At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.by the end of last month he had finished the novel.31.I was wandering _ the streets when I caught sight of a tailor's shop.A. acrossB. throughC.byD.past32. Our bus drove _ the Great Hall of the People.A. across B. throughC. pastD.over33. _ the sun, nothing would grow.A. For B.WithC. UnderD. Without34. The teacher is busy _ teaching.A.with B.for C.on D.of35. The teacher is busy _ correcting papers.A. for B.in C.on D.of36. We left Xi' an _._ a very hot summer afternoon.A. on B.in C. during D.by37. She felt disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming_ her.A. but B. except C. except for D. without38. His teacher was angry _ him _ his being late.A.at,with B.at,for C.with,for D.with,about39. My father was disappointed _ the news. A. by B. about C. at D. on40. Mr Wang went to Nanjing _ October,1998 and came back home _ the morning of Nov. 5.A.at;in B.on;atC.in;onD.by;from9、表示“关于”的about 和on：两者都有“关于”的意思，不过前者为一般用词，而后者为较正式的“论述”。He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.10、between, among：一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如：The little valley lies between high mountains.。谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。They dont know the difference between wheat and barley.11、besides, except, but, except for：besides指“除了还有，再加上”。如：All went out besides me.；except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.；but 与except意思近似，表示“除了外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.；except for表示“如无就，只是”表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。12、表示“用”的in和with：表示工具的“用”，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用”，用in。如：He is writing a letter with a pen. He wrote the letter in pencil. We measured it in pounds. Read the text in a loud voice. Tell me the story in English.41 .My uncle lives _ 105 Huanghe Street. His room is _ the fifth floor.A.at;on B.td;atC.on;inD.of;to42. I don't think you can work out the maths problem _ the teacher's help.A. since B. unlessC. becauseD. without43. He is running _ the wind towards the east of the station _ Tom is running _ the right. A. down; and; on B. against; while; on C.for;with;in D. with; while; to44. In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck _ the beauty of nature that he stayed _ another night. A.at;on B.with;atC.for;inD.by;for45. Many people are still _ the habit of writing silly things _ public places.A.at;at B.in;inC.into;ofD.during;at46. - Do you go there _ bus?- No, we go there _ a train.A. in; on B.on;onC.by;inD.by; with47. I made the coat _ my own hands. It was made _ hand, not with a machine.A. in; in B.in; withC. with; byD. with; with48. The trees _ front of the house are _ the charge of Old Li.A. in; in B. at; inC. in; byD. from; in49. The old man died _ cold _ a cold night.A. from; at B.of;inC.of;onD. for; during50. Does John know any other foreign languages _ French?A. except B. butC. besidesD. beside13、in charge of和in the charge of：两者都表示“由谁负责、照顾、管理”。区别在于：in charge of后接被照管的人或物，而in the charge of后面则跟照管的人。如：Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。14、as, like：as作“作为”、“以地位或身份”解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.（事实是父亲）；like作“象一样”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.（事实上不是父亲）。15、in front of 和in the front of：in front of = before，是“在前面”的意思（不在某物内）； in the front of则是“在前部”的意思（在某物内）。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard. The boy sat in the front of the car.。16、in, into：into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。如：We walked into the park.；in通常表示位置。如：We walked in the park；in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等终止性动词连用时，也可以表示动向。如：I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。51. He looked quite healthy _ he was _ the age of seventy.A. when; at B. because; inC. if; forD. though; at52. - How long has the bookshop been in business?-_1982.A. After B.InC.FromD.Since53. Did you have any trouble _ the post office?A. to have found B. with finding C. to find D. in finding54.To tell you the truth, I have nothing to do _ it.A.about B.withC.forD.of55. Something must be done to prevent our city _ by thick smoke.A. to be polluted B. from polluting C. from being polluted D. polluting56._ the students likes the paintings. Which is wrong?A. The teacher as well as B. Nobody butC. The teacher besides D. All except57. Henry,_ Mary and Tom, is coming to China for a visit. Which is wrong?A. together withB. likeC. and notD. but in addition to58. Taiwan is _ the east of Fujian.A. in B.atC.toD.on59. His father will be back from London _ a few days.A.since B.inC.onD.after60. We offered him our congratulations _ his passing the college entrance exams.A.at B.onC.forD.of【要点点拨】A. 要注意理解情景意义：同一介词可表达多种意义，同一场合意义不同则介词不同。He hasnt come for a month .(for 持续时间)The day is warm for April .（for 就而言）B. 要突破几个关键介词in , on , at , with , by , from , of , to , for .1 . 表示时间的：at; in ; on , since , from , to , after , within , during , throughout , towards , over , by , till ;2 . 表示穿越的:through , across , over 3表示地理位置的：in ; on; to ;4 表示原因、目的的：for ;with ; from ;5. 表示关于的:about , concerning , regarding , with regard to , as for ,as to ;6. 表示根据：on ; according to ;7. in the corner ;on the corner , at the corner 的区别8between 和among 9besides ;except ; but ;except for 10in 和with C. 要注意介词搭配，集中归纳，反复练习。1. 固定与to 构成搭配的名词：key , answer , visit , apology , introduction ,note , etc.2. 与on 有关的：mercy , congratulations 3. 与at有关的：angry , good , bad , clever , terrified , surprised ;4. 与of 有关的：afraid , sure , full , tired , fond , proud , worthy , certain ;5. 与with 有关的：angry , strict , careful , busy , poplar ;6. 与to 有关的：next, good , polite , kind , cruel , rude , known , anxious , married , close , near , similar, due ;7. 与for 有关的：sorry , good , free , fit , unfit , eager, anxious , hungry ;8. 与from 有关的：far , different , free, safe , absent , tired .常用介词短语和固定搭配一相近介词和介词短语 1. With the help of 在帮助下 under the leadership / care of 在领导关心下 2. be strict with sb. 对人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对事要求严格 3. at present=at the present time 目前 for the present 暂时 4. in the sun/sunshine 在阳光下 under the sun 在世界上 5. lie in 位于之内 lie on 同接壤 lie to 位于之外 6. at least 至少 in the least 丝毫，一点 7. by name 名叫 in the name of 以名义 8. in the air 空中，在流传 on the air 播出 9. in the way 挡路，障碍，用方法 in a way 在某点上，在某种程度上 get ones own way to do 随心所欲 give way 让步，屈服 lose ones way 迷路 by the way 顺便说一下 on ones way to 在去的路上 Come this way 这边走 10. at the corner 在拐角处（外角） in the corner 角落里（内角） on the corner 角落上（外角上） 11. judge by / from 根据来判断 judge for oneself 由某人自己来判断 12. at the end (of) 在结束时 at the beginning of 在开始时 at the back of 在背后，支持 at the age of 岁时 at the foot of 在脚下 at the bottom of 在底部 at the top of 在顶上 at/on the edge of 在边上 13. in the course of 在过程中 in the eyes of 从观点看来，在眼里 in the face of 面对，尽管，纵使 in the middle of 在中间 in the end =at last=finally 最后 14. on the eve of 在前夕 on the side of 在一边 15. after a time = after some time 过一段时间后 for a time = for some time 一时，有一段时间 16. behind time 迟到，过期 behind the times 落在时代后面 17. at no time 决不 in no time 立即，马上 18. at one time = once time 曾经 at a time = each time 每次 at times = sometimes 有时 at all times 经常，一直，始终 at the same time 同时 at the time 在的时候 by the time 到的时候 19. for a moment 一会儿 for the moment 暂时 at the moment 当时 the moment /minute /instance 正当一刹那 20. once or twice 一两次 more than once 不止一次 once more 重新，又 once upon a time 从前 once in a while 偶尔 二归类记忆 1. be on show / display / play / sale / strike / duty / trial 2. be of value / importance / use / no use / color / age / size / height / weight / significance 3. to ones joy / surprise / pleasure / astonishment / sorrow / delight 4