【英语论文】菲茨杰拉德和海明威写作风格对比（英文二） .doc

The Contrast between Fitzgeralds and Hemingways Writing Style摘要: 这篇文章分析了菲茨杰拉德与海明威写作风格的相同点与不同点. 这两位作家有他们各自独特的写作风格.他们的生活不仅影响了他们的作品而且也影响了整个文坛. 菲茨杰拉德的写作风格主要有两个特点,一是他的作品大都介于现实与小说之间;另一个特点是他的作品通常以爱情故事为主要情节.而海明威主要有四个独特风格,一是简练,二是运用叙述,三是对话,四是“冰山原则”.他们写作风格的相同点在于他们的作品都是影射当时时代背景的镜子,并且他们的作品都受战争与酒精的影响.关键词: 爱情故事; 冰山原则; 战争; 酒精Abstract: This paper analyzes the differences and similarities between Fitzgeralds and Hemingways writing style. Both of them have their own personal style of writing. Their lives had influenced what they wrote about and even the way they wrote. For Fitzgerald, there are two main features of his writing style. First, he described between fact and fiction. Second, he portrayed romantic stories. On the other hand, Hemingway has four main features which are simple, narrative, dialogue and “ice berg principle”. However there are still some similarities. For example, their works are the mirror of the social situation of that age; their works are all influenced by World War I; their works are all influenced by the alcohol.Key words: romantic stories; “iceberg principle”; war; alcohol OutlineI. Introduction1.1 The Background of Fitzgerald and His Main Works1.2 The Background of Hemingway and His Main WorksII. The Similarities between Them2.1 Their Works Are the Mirror of the Social Situation of That Age2.2 Their Works Are All Influenced by World War I 2.3 Their Works Are All Influenced by the AlcoholIII. The Differences between Them 3.1 Fitzgeralds Writing Style 3.1.1 He Described between Fact and Fiction 3.1.2 He Portrayed Romantic Stories3.2 Hemingways Writing Style3.2.1 Simple3.2.2 Narrative3.2.3 Dialogue3.2.4 “Iceberg principle”3.2.5 A Simple Conclusion of His Writing StyleIV. ConclusionI. Introduction1.1 The background of Fitzgerald and his main worksFitzgerald was born on September 29, 1896 in St. Paul Minnesota. Fitzgerald entered St. Paul Academy when he was a boy, and started to write for the school newspaper when he was thirteen. During 1911-1913, he attended the Newman School, a Catholic Prep School in New Jersey. There, he met Father Sigourney Fay, who encouraged him to pursue his ambitions and to achieve personal success and distinction. Afterwards, he entered Princeton University, where he grew on his writing abilities by writing for school media. However, he neglected his studies and was put on academic probation.In 1917, Fitzgerald joined the army to fight in World War I. In June of 1918, he was assigned to Camp Sheridan in Alabama. There, he fell in love with Zelda Sayre. After being turned down during a marriage proposal due to his lack of success, Fitzgerald returned to St. Paul to begin work on his novel, This Side of Paradise. His novel was published in March of 1920, and he instantly became a success. He had gained the kind of success and wealth that he had desired for so long, and in a short time, he and Zelda married in New York. He moved to an apartment in New York City where he wrote his second novel, The Beautiful and the Damned. Then he began his literary life. Fitzgeralds major writings include: This Side of Paradise (1920, fiction ) Fitzgeralds breakout novel, and a classic of American literature, This Side of Paradise follows the formative years of Amory Blaine, his days at Princeton, and his entry into world war I Flappers and Philosophers (1921, fiction)issued shortly after the publication of his first novel. This collection of short stories contains many of his most famous short stories. The Beautiful and Dammed (1922, fiction) Fitzgeralds second novel is the story of ambitious Anthony patch and his beautiful wife Gloria and the destruction of their lives as they fall under the influence of alcohol and great amidst the New York nightlife. The Great Gatsby (1925, fiction) Fitzgerald's most famous novel which is considered by many to be his best. Capturing the spirit of the twenties, which tells the story of the rise and fall of self-millionaire jay Gatsby All the sad young man (1926) Fitzgeralds most popular collection of short stories at the time of its release, this collection contains "Winter Dreams," a story Fitzgerald described as a first draft of the Gatsby idea, "Absolution," and "The Rich Boy," the most popular of the stories in the collection. Tender Is The Night (1933, fiction ) Not well received at the time it was fist issued, this story of the demise of a brilliant psychiatrist, pick diver, and Nicole, who is both his wife and patient, is now considered to be one of his best novels. Last Tycoon (1941, fiction) Fitzgerald hoped that those stories of Hollywood moguls, unfinished at the time of his death, would restore his critical reputation. Versions vary by editor, but some critics argue it would have been Fitzgeralds best work when completed.1.2 The background of Hemingway and his main worksErnest Hemingway (1899-1961), born in Oak Park, Illinois, started his career as a writer in a newspaper office in Kansas City at the age of seventeen. After the United States entered the First World War, he joined a volunteer ambulance unit in the Italian army. Serving at the front, he was wounded, was decorated by the Italian Government, and spent considerable time in hospitals. After his return to the United States, he became a reporter for Canadian and American newspapers and was soon sent back to Europe to cover such events as the Greek Revolution.He married Elizabeth Hadley Richardson on September 3, 1921. The newlyweds soon entered the literary community of Paris, living off of Hadley's trust fund and Ernest's pay as a foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star. The 1920's were extremely productive writing years for Hemingway. In 1923 Three Stories and Ten Poems was published, in 1925 In Our Times was published. In 1926 his successful novel The Sun Also Rises was published. A collection of short stories titled Men without Women came out. This year also signified the end of Hemingway's marriage to Hadley and his subsequent marriage to Pauline Pfeiffer on May 10, 1927. Ernest and Pauline would spend the majority of their years together at 907 Whitehead Street in Key West, Florida. On December 6, 1928, Hemingway was dealt a devastating emotional blow as his father, suffering from severe diabetes and concerned about his financial future, shot himself.Hemingway continued to write producing what many critics still feel is the best novel ever written about World War I. in 1929 A Farewell to Arms was published and solidified Hemingway's reputation as one the greatest writers of his generation. The 1930's would see the publication Death in the Afternoon (1932). In Green Hills of Africa (1935) we can see a recount of his African safari.In the late 1930's, Hemingway ventured to Spain to give his encouragement to the Loyalists fighting in the Spanish Civil War. His experiences as a war correspondent for the North American Newspaper Alliance would inspire his other Great War novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls. Exactly one month after the 1940 publication of For Whom the Bell Tolls, Hemingway married fellow writer and war correspondent Martha Ellis Gellhorn. It was a marriage that would last only five years. He married fourth and final wife Mary Welsh Monks on March 14, 1946. For the next fourteen years, the couple would live in Hemingway's Finca Vigía (Lookout Farm) in San Francisco de Paula, Cuba.After a disappointing reception of his 1950 novel, Across the River and into the Trees, Hemingway rallied producing The Old Man and the Sea (1952), a short work that earned him a 1953 Pulitzer Prize and ultimately the 1954 Nobel Prize for Literature. Physically unnerved from two plane crashes earlier that year, Hemingway was unable to attend the prize ceremonies. He would live another seven years.On July 2, 1961, in his home in Ketchum, Idaho, Hemingway died of a self-inflicted shotgun wound to the head. His wife Mary found him and relayed word of her husband's death to the world. Ernest Hemingway was two and a half weeks shy of his sixty-second birthday. Three sons and millions of loyal readers preserve his memory. (Josh Silverstein 2004. Timeless Hemingway)II. The similarities between them2.1 Their works are the mirror of the social situation of that ageFitzgeralds and Hemingways works all portrayed the social situation which after World War I vividly. Especially during the 1920s, Fitzgerald became the representative writer of the “jazz age” and Hemingway described the “lost generation” clearly.The social situation of that age was reflected respectively in Fitzgerald and Hemingways works. This Side of Paradise was the first novel of Fitzgerald. In this novel Fitzgerald successfully portrayed “a generation grow up to find all gods dead, all wars fought, all faith in man shaken.” Fitzgerald described the “the roaring” of the post-war boom years. This book became immensely popular for the simple reason that it caught the tone of the age. After that, Fitzgerald wrote several short stories, such as Flappers and Philosophers. Our countrys famous professor Chang Yaoxin in his book A Survey of American Literature said that, Fitzgeralds Tales of the Jazz Age which, like Mark Twain the gilded age, give its name to an important history period in the history of the country. The 1920s or “the jazz age”, was, in the words of Malcolm Crowley, “not so much a history period as a legend of glitter, of recklessness, and of talent in such profusion that it was snow broadcast like wild oats”. It was a legend of “Americas adolescence before pain set in”. And Fitzgeralds other works such as The Beautiful and Dammed and his masterpiece The Great Gatsby nearly became the most distinguished books from which people can know the social situation of that age clearly. And his books became the life guide which lead the young readers have a clear knowledge of life.I think most of us are not unfamiliar with Hemingways works. His books are also the symbols of that age. Hemingways first important novel The Sun Also Rises attracted a great deal of attention after it had been published. Hemingways book paints the image of a whole generation, the lost generation. “This included this young English and American expatriates as well as men and women caught in the war and cut off from the from the old young values and yet unable to come to terms with new era with the new era when civilization had gone mad.” In this book the peoples life especially the young generations life after the First World War was portrayed incisively and vividly. The people were wondering the things like fishing, swimming, bullfighting and beauties of nature. But meanwhile they acknowledged that the world was crazy and meaningless. The social situation was mess and chaos. Hemingways another important novel A Farewell to Arms also explained how people come to behave the way they did in that age. This book caught the mood of the post-war generation. Hemingways position as a writer was confirmed with the publication of this book. “This novel portrayed a farewell both to war and to love. Hemingway had rejected the romantic ideal of the ultimate unity of lovers, suggesting instead that all relationships must end in death.”(Wu Weiren). So, Hemingways works have sometimes been read as an essentially negative commentary on a modern world filled with sterilely, failure, and death.2.2 Their works are all influenced by World War IFitzgerald didnt join the First World War. As a result he lost the chance to learn the felling of the war. Fitzgerald always thought it was a big matter of regret. However, Fitzgerald lack of the true feeling of fist world war, which didnt affect his attitude toward the First World War. He believed, as an artist, he could absolutely depend on his own acute observation and plentiful imagination to achieve the same writing purpose that has equal effect. “Although you didnt join the military activities directly, you can get the indirect experience at least. Because you can feel the cruelty of war, you can face the reality form the backdoor.” (F. Scott Fitzgerald, Afternoon of an Author, p.186.) Fitzgerald just used his own plentiful imagination and acute observation to describe the brutal scenes of war.Hemingway admitted in a 1925 letter to F. Scott Fitzgerald that of all the subjects a writer could write about, war was one of the best, if not the best. World War I affected Hemingway's literature more than any other war he was involved in The Sun Also Rises depicts the post World War I "lost generation. A Farewell to Arms is still considered by many critics the best novel ever written about World War I. Many of the characters in Hemingway's short stories have been involved in or directly affected by the First World War: Krebs of Soldier's Home, Harry of The Snows of Kilimanjaro, Nick Adams of A Way You'll Never Be. World War I also plays out in the stories, Now I Lay Me and In Another Country. The gruesome death scenes that Hemingway describes in A Natural History of the Dead are likely based on what he saw occur in World War I and the Greek-Turkish War.2.3 Their works are all influenced by the alcoholFitzgeralds and Hemingways works are all influenced by the alcohol. Especially Fitzgerald was always a heavy drinker. He always tried to find the solace in his cups. It was alcohol as much as anything that killed him in the end. Because I think most of us have known this clearly, I will pay more attention to analyze Hemingways. Some have blamed Hemingway's excessive drinking he engaged in during the latter years of his life destroyed his writing. In fact, the biggest reason which influenced him was not this. May be because the electroshock treatments he received at the Mayo Clinic in late 1960 and early 1961. These treatments severely impaired Hemingway's memory and took from him the concentration necessary to write.Frankly speaking, we can not mix Hemingway as a drinker with him as a writer. When Hemingway was writing he was as sober as a priest on Sunday and he wrote with as much clarity as any writer could. At the Finca, he did have a portable bar within arm's reach when relaxing and reading, but not when writing. What James Lundquist once said of Sinclair Lewis can most certainly be applied to Ernest Hemingway: "He was a writer who drank, not, as so many have believed, a drunk who wrote."I think there are not so many similarities between Fitzgeralds and Hemingways writing. I just give a short analysis, but I believe I have learned so many things through it.III. The differences between themThe 1920's had many influential writers in literature. While reaching this time period it is almost certain that the names Earnest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald will be found. Each of the writers has their own personal style of writing and each one of th