传热学第五版习题解答.doc
传热学(第五版)第0章-第3 章习题解答第0章 绪论0-4、0-6、0-7解答题略。0-13:解:(m2·K)/W W/(m2·K) W/m2 又 =385.73 W0-14:解: K/W (面积为A2的平板表面上的热阻) (m2·K)/W (单位面积热阻) W/m2 W0-15:解: 0-17:解:(1) (m2·K)/W W/(m2·K) W(2) W 误差(3)可以忽略,因为厚度很小,金属的导热系数较大,则导热热阻很小。故可以忽略。第一章 导热理论基础1-4:前提是假定所研究的物体是各向同性的连续介质,其导热系数比热容c,和密度均为已知,并假定物体内具有内热源。1-5 (1) K/m W/m2 (2) K/m W/m2 温度分布图略。1-6:解:(1) W/m2平板一侧:平板另一侧: W/m2(2)根据式(1-20),导热微分方程应为:即: W/m3 则平壁有内热源,其强度为 W/m3 1-9 解:由于对称受热,在球坐标系中为常物性一维无内热源非稳态导热问题,分析厚度为的微元球的导热:忽略高阶小量得微元球净导热:微元球内能增量由能量守恒定律 于是得导热微分方程 : (1)边界条件:(中心无热流,绝热)(2) (第三类边界条件)(3)注意:本题的导热微分方程也可由教材P19页:式(1-25)化简得出。第二章 稳态导热2-9 解:未加贴硬泡沫塑料时: W/(m2·K)加贴硬泡沫塑料时: 根据题意:即: 或:0.091m91mm2-13 解: (m2.K)/W W/(m2·K) W2-14解: (m2.K)/W W/(m2.K) =29.94×(250-60)=5689 W/m2 W/m2 W/(m2.K) W/(m2.K)=30.03×(250-60)=5706 W/m2 W/m2 W/(m2.K) W/(m2.K)=36.10×(250-60)= 6859 W/m2 W/m2答:三种方案的传热量分别增加了1,17,1171 W/m2 ,第三种方案最有效。2-16 mm mm mm mm mm 单位管长圆筒壁的导热热阻:管道: (m.K/W)第一层: (m.K/W)第二层: (m.K/W)(2) W/m2-18 解: mm mm W/m 即所产生的热量必须小于导线能承受的热量。 A2-19: 即: mm2-24 解:已知: , (1) 1/m (2)th(ml)=th(18.9×0.025)=th(0.4725)=0.4402 W/m2第三章 非稳态导热3-8 解:因为钢板的高度和宽度远大于厚度,所以是无限大平板。 所以定型尺寸为 mm可以采用集总参数法。即:解得: s 3-14 3-8 解:因为钢板的高度和宽度远大于厚度,所以属于无限大平板的导热问题。 所以定型尺寸为 mm可以采用集总参数法。即:解得: s =0.5 h3-19 解: (本题中115应改为11.5)常热流密度条件下半无限大物体内温度场的表达式为:当时,其中 即: (1)当m 时 即 (2)由(1)、(2)求得: m2/s W/(m.K)3-23 解:砖墙显波层厚度:解得: m木墙的显波层厚度:解得: m3-24 解: 当 m 时, 根据波动振幅的定义知: 滞后时间 s =2.1h当 m 时, 根据波动振幅的定义知: 滞后时间 h“第四章 导热数值解法基础”的习题解答略。第五章5-13 解:本题应指出是何种流体外掠平板,设是水外掠平板。由,查附录3 饱和水的热物理性质表得:m2/s, mm mm5-18 解:由附录2 ,查得空气的热物性参数为:W/(m.K) m2/s, 所以,此流动换热为层流换热。 mW/(m2.K) W/(m2.K) W/(m2.K)5-23 解: (注意:本题可不做)参考课本p126页(15)到(5-33)式。;得到,代入速度场和该温度场于能量积分方程,并且设,略去的高阶项,可以得到的表达式,进而得到的表达式。又因为,最后得到,5-26 解:由附录2 ,查得空气的热物性参数为:W/(m.K) m2/s, =16.07 W/(m2.K)或=16.07 W/(m2.K) 解: W/(m2.K)由附录2 ,查得空气的热物性参数为:W/(m.K) m2/s, 由附录2 ,查得空气的热物性参数为:W/(m.K) m2/s, 由题意可知:两种情况属同类现象;单值条件相似;同名已定准则相等:即。所以,这两现象相似。因此:即 W/(m2.K)5-33 解:(1)本实验将涉及相似准则。(2)应直接测量的物理量有:管长l、管内径d、管内流体温度tf、管壁温度tw。(3)根据,由附录2 ,查得空气的热物性参数为:W/(m.K) m2/s,实验点1: 实验点2: 实验点2: 实验点2: (4)实验点1、2、3、4的现象不相似。(5)实验点1、2、3、4标绘在图上,如图所示。(请自己作图)(6)(7)时,W/(m.K) m2/s。与实验点4的现象相似。 W/(m2.K)(8)不能用表中数据求表面传热系数。第六章6-18 解:先假设是稳流换热。据此温度,查附录3水的物性表得: W/(m.K) m2/s N.s/m2kg/m3 kJ/(kg.K) N.s/m2即:根据题意: W/(m2.K)0.0512m=51.2mm校核:属紊流换热,以上计算有效。根据热平衡得: m6-24 解:按粗糙管计算,查附录3水的物性参数表,并利用线性插值法得: W/(m.K) m2/s N.s/m2kg/m3 kJ/(kg.K)Pa选式(6-11),即又所以:=7064 W/(m2.K)(2)按光滑管计算此流动换热属紊流换热。时 N.s/m2 W/(m2.K)与按粗糙管计算相差:%6-28 解:假设管壁温,由,查得: N.s/m2 。查空气热物性表,并利用线性插值法得: W/(m.K) m2/s N.s/m2kg/m3 kJ/(kg.K) m/s此流动换热属紊流换热。 W/(m2.K)校核:=483.66 W W/(m2.K) 因此假设成立。所以:, W/(m2.K) W。6-33 解:,查空气热物性表,并利用线性插值法得: W/(m.K) m2/s,选式(6-13)(见教材p164)根据表6-1,选 W/(m2.K)6-35 解:,查水的热物性表得: W/(m.K) m2/s 由表6-2得:Z=5排,由表6-3得, W/(m2.K)6-43解:据此温度,查空气热物性参数表,并利用线性插值法得: W/(m.K) m2/s (1/K)根据表6-4,选 W/(m2.K) W/m 6-47解:(此题可选做)已知, W/(m2.K),m2预设,则定性温度查空气热物性表得: W/(m.K) m2/s (1/K)此流动换热属层流换热。 W/(m2.K)再次假定 ,重新计算,直到,具体过程略。6-52 解: 已知定性温度查附录2得: W/(m.K) m2/s (1/K)由表6-5得: W/(m2.K) W/m2第七章7-6 解:液膜的平均温度查附录3饱和水的热物理性质表得: W/(m.K) N.s/m2 kg/m3 由式(7-1) 得即: W/(m2.K),其潜热kJ/kg7-11 解:时,氟利昂-12的潜热kJ/kg液膜的平均温度查得氟利昂-12的物性参数为: W/(m.K) m2/s kg/m3 N.s/m2 kg/s7-20解:由,查得:由式(7-11b)知: W/(m2.K)补充题:影响膜状凝结的主要因素有哪些?(略)第八章8-2 答:之所以做成黑色表面,是因为黑色表面对可见光来说近似认为是黑体,能够吸收更多的热量。辐射采暖板要求尽可能多的向室内散热,而不是吸热,故不需要做成黑色。8-3答:窗玻璃对红外线不透明,但对可见光却是透明的,因而隔着玻璃晒太阳,太阳光可以穿过玻璃进入室内,而室内发出的红外线却被阻隔在车内,所以房间内温度越来越高,从而感到暖和。8-2 解: K 查表8-1,并利用线性插值法得: 8-13 解:此表面为漫射非灰表面,其辐射性质与波长有关,应按波长分段计算。 查表8-1得: W/m28-17 解:A1 表面的定向辐射强度为: W/(m2.sr)A1 表面的定向辐射力为: W/(m2.sr)热流计所得到的投入辐射能为: W根据题意得: 第九章9-14 解: K K(1)板1的本身辐射 W/m2(2) 对板1的投入辐射 W/m2(3) 板1的反射辐射 W/m2(4) 板1的有效辐射 W/m2(5) 板2的有效辐射 W/m2(6)板1、2之间的辐射换热量 W/m29-15 解:由式(9-11)得: ( W/ m ) 9-22 解:(1)加入遮热板先画出辐射网络图单位面积上的辐射热阻为: W/m2因为: 所以:即: K(2)未加入遮热板 W/m29-27 解:(1)设下标g、c、w分别表示气体、热电偶、排气管。根据热平衡知:排气对热电偶的对流换热量等于热电偶对排气管的辐射换热量。即: (1) 此温度即气流的真实温度。(2)测温误差(3)由式(1)可知:大,测温误差小; 大,测温误差大。9-30 略。第十章10-19 解:(1)W(2) ?(3)即得:顺流:逆流:, ? 应以逆流为好。10-21 解: m2 ?10-24解:(1) 顺流时: W(2) 逆流时: 令当=1时,不定型,分子分母同时对求导得:或根据,由图10-18查得=0.667,以下计算相同。 WC卷试题计算题答案1、(10分)有一气体冷却器,气侧表面传热系数h 1=75 ,壁面厚d = 3mm,导热系数 l =46.5, 水侧表面传热系数 h2=6000。试计算每个环节的热阻;传热过程的传热系数;并指出此时为强化传热应当从哪个环节着手?答:(1)热阻:6分Rh1=1/h1=1/75 =0.013333 (m2.K)/WRd=d/l=0.003/46.5=6.45×10-5(m2.K)/WRh2=1/ h2=1/6000 =1.67×10-4(m2.K)/W(2) 传热系数:2分R= Rh1+ Rd+ Rh2=0.013+6.45×10-5+1.67×10-4=0.01356(m2.K)/Wk=1/R=73.74 W/(m2.K)(4)强化传热:2分由三个热阻的值可知,热阻主要集中在Rh1侧,要有效的强化传热,应从热阻最大的那侧着手,减小气侧热阻。2、(18分)外径为d = 76 mm的暖气管,横穿室内,管壁 tw = 100 ,表面发射率 e = 0. 9. 室内温度tf = 18 . 试计算: (1)对流表面传热系数及单位管长散热量; (2)辐射表面传热系数及单位管长散热量; (3)总表面传热系数及单位管长散热量。 附表一 :水平管外自然对流换热准则关联式 cn104 1070.480.25107 10120.1251/3附表二 :空气物性: t = 59, l = 0.02893 , n=18.868×10-6 m2/s , Pr=0.7答:(1)对流表面传热系数及单位管长散热量 10分 这是水平圆管外的自然对流换热:tm=(100+18) /2 =59,查得空气的物性: l = 0.02893w/(m. K) , n=18.868×10-6 m2/s , Pr=0.696a=1/T=1/(273 +59)=0.003 1/KGr= gatl3/n2 =9.8×0.003×(100-18) ×0.0763/(18.868×10-6)2 =2.982×106Gr Pr =2.982×106 ×0.696 =2.077×106C=.48 n=.25Nu=c(Gr Pr)n =0.48×(2.077×106) 0.25 =18.22hc= Nu×l/d =18.22 ×0.02893/0.076 =6.934 W/(m2.K)qlc= p d hc (tw - tf ) = p ×0.076×6.934×(100 18) =135.686 W/m(2)辐射表面传热系数及单位管长散热量 6分这是有两个表面所组成的封闭腔,且A2远大于A1。 A1 =p dqlr=e A1(Eb1-Eb2) = 0.9×p ×0.076×5.67×10-8×(3734 - 2914 ) =148.399 W/mqlr= p d hr (tw - tf ) hr = qlr /p d (tw - tf ) =148.399/(p ×0.076×(100 18) ) =7.58 W/(m2.K)(3)总表面传热系数及单位管长散热量 2分h = hr+ hc = 6.934+ 7.58 =14.514 W/(m2.K)ql = qlr + qlc =135.686 +148.399 = 284.085 W/m3、(12分)一台套管式换热器,在下列条件下运行,传热系数保持不变:冷流体,;入口温度40,出口温度95。热流体,入口温度200。试求:(1) 最大可能传热量?(2) 效能?(3) 为减少面积,换热器应按顺流还是逆流方式运行?这两种方式下传热面积之比为多少?解:(1)(2) (3) ,得顺流: ,逆流: ,应以逆流为好。 2008-12-1Acknowledgements My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor aaa , my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not havereached its present form. Second, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Professor aaa, who led me into the world of translation. I am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the Department of English: Professor dddd, Professor ssss, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years. Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis. My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor aaa , my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not havereached its present form. Second, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Professor aaa, who led me into the world of translation. I am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the Department of English: Professor dddd, Professor ssss, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years. Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.