电大土木工程力学形考三题库小抄参考.doc
一、单项选择题1. 超静定结构在支座移动作用下产生的内力与刚度 ( C )A. 无关 B. 相对值有关 C. 绝对值有关 D. 相对值绝对值都有关2. 用力法计算超静定结构时,其基本未知量为 ( D ) A. 杆端弯矩 B. 结点角位移 C. 结点线位移 D. 多余未知力3. 力法典型方程是根据以下哪个条件得到的 ( B ) A. 结构的平衡条件 B. 多余约束处的位移协调条件 C. 结构的变形条件 D. 同时满足A、B两个条件4. 用力法计算图示结构时,不能作为基本结构的是图( A )A. B. C. D. 5. 在力法方程的系数和自由项中 ( B ) A. 恒大于零 B. 恒大于零 C. 恒大于零 D. 恒大于零6. 图示结构的超静定次数是( A ) A. 12 B. 10 C. 9 D. 67. 图示结构的超静定次数是( A ) A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 68. 下图所示对称结构的等代结构为( A )A. B. C. D. 9. 关于下图所示对称结构,下列论述正确的是( D )A. A点线位移为零 B. AB杆无弯矩 C. AB杆无剪力 D. AB杆无轴力10. 下图所示对称结构的等代结构为( D )A. B. C. D. 11. 超静定结构在荷载作用下产生的内力与刚度 ( A ) A. 相对值有关 B. 绝对值有关 C. 无关 D. 相对值绝对值都有关12. 力法的基本体系是 ( D ) A. 一组单跨度超静定梁 B. 瞬变体系 C. 可变体系 D. 几何不变体系13. 在超静定结构计算中,一部分杆考虑弯曲变形,另一部分杆考虑轴向变形,则此结构为 ( D ) A. 梁 B. 桁架 C. 横梁刚度为无限大的排架 D. 组合结构14. 力法典型方程中的自由项是基本体系在荷载作用下产生的 ( C )A. B. C. 方向的位移 D. 方向的位移15. 图示刚架的超静定次数为( C )A. 1次 B. 2次 C. 3次 D. 4次16. 下图所示对称结构A截面不为零的是( B ) A. 水平位移 B. 轴力 C. 剪力 D. 弯矩17. 超静定结构的超静定次数等于结构中 ( B )A. 约束的数目 B. 多余约束的数目 C. 结点数 D. 杆件数18. 力法方程中的系数代表基本体系在作用下产生的 ( C ) A. B. C. 方向的位移 D. 方向的位移19. 图示超静定结构的次数是( 7 ) A. 5 B. 7 C. 8 D. 620. 下图所示对称结构A截面不为零的是( C ) A. 竖向位移 B. 弯矩 C. 转角 D. 轴力21. 图示对称结构EI = 常 数 ,对称轴穿过的截面C内力应满足( B )A. B. C. D. 22. 图所示结构的超静定次数为( D ) A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 423. 对称结构作用正对称荷载时,对称轴穿过的截面 ( B ) A. 只有轴力 B. 只有剪力 C. 只有弯矩 D. A、C同时满足二、判断题(A. 错误B. 正确 )1. 用力法计算超静定结构,选取的基本结构不同,所得到的最后弯矩图也不同。 ( A )2. 图示超静定结构去掉杆件、后为一静定梁,故它是三次超静定结构。( A )3. 超静定结构的内力与材料的性质无关。 ( A )4. 同一结构的力法基本体系不是唯一的。 ( B )5. 求超静定结构的位移时,可将虚拟单位荷载加在任意静定的基本体系上。 ( B )6. 超静定次数一般不等于多余约束的个数。 ( A )7. 图示两个单跨梁,同跨度同荷载。但横截面形状不同,故其内力也不相同。( A )8. 在下图所示结构中若增大柱子的EI值,则梁跨中点截面弯矩值减少。( B )9. 超静定结构的内力状态与刚度有关。 ( B )10. 力法典型方程是根据平衡条件得到的。 ( A )11. 计算超静定结构的位移时,虚设力状态可以在力法的基本结构上设。 ( B )12. 同一结构选不同的力法基本体系所得到的最后结果是相同的。 ( B )13. 力法典型方程的等号右端项不一定为0。 ( B )14. 对称结构在反对称荷载作用下,对称轴穿过的截面只有反对称的内力。( B )15. 温度改变在静定结构中不引起内力;温度改变在超静定结构中引起内力。 ( B )16. 图示结构的超静定次数是n=3。( B )17. 图示结构有两次超静定。( A )18. 力法的基本方程使用的是位移条件;该方法只适用于解超静定结构。 ( B )19. 同一结构选不同的力法基本体系,所得到的力法方程代表的位移条件相同。 ( A )20. 图示(a)、(b)两个结构中,A端的支反力完全相同。( A )20. 超静定结构的力法基本结构是唯一的。 ( A )21. 力法计算的基本体系不能是可变体系。 ( B )22. 超静定结构由于支座位移可以产生内力。 ( B )23. 支座位移引起的超静定结构内力,与各杆刚度的相对值有关。 ( A )24. 在力法计算时,多余未知力由位移条件来求,其他未知力由平衡条件来求。 ( B)三、计算题1. 用力法计算图示结构,作弯矩图。EI=常数。 (1)C;(2)A;(3)C;(4)F;(5)A;(6)D;(7)F;(8)B解:(1) 选取基本体系( C )(2分) A B C(2) 列力法方程( A ) (1分)A B (3) 作图 ( C )(2分) 作图( F )(2分) (单位:) (单位:)A B (单位:) (单位:) C D (单位:) (单位:)E F(4) 求系数和自由项由图乘法计算d11、D1P( A ) (2分) A B C D ( D )(2分) A B C D 解方程可得( F )(2分) A B C D E F G H (5) 由叠加原理作图( B )(2分) (单位:) (单位:)A B (单位:) (单位:)C D2. 用力法计算图示结构,作弯矩图。EI=常数。 (15分)(1)B;(2)C;(3)A解:(1) 利用对称性结构取半边结构如图( B )所示。(5分) A B C D (2)作出一半刚架弯矩图如图( C )所示。 (5分) A B C D (3)作整个刚架弯矩图如图( A )所示。 (5分) A B C D3. (1)A;(2)C;(3)B;(4)A;(5)D;(6)F;(7)D用力法计算图示组合结构。(10分)解 (1) 选取基本体系如下图示。(2)列出力法方程(3)计算系数及自由项作图 ( A )(2分) 作图 ( C )(2分) A B C D( B )(1分)( A )(1分)A 0 B 1 C 2 D 4=( D ) (1分)=( F ) (2分) A B C D E F(4)解力法方程,求出基本未知量( D ) (1分) 4.用力法计算图示结构,作弯矩图。EI=常数。 (15分)(1)D;(2)A;(3)B;(4)F;(5)C;(6)D;(7)E;(8)B解:(1) 选取基本体系( D )(2分) A B C D(2) 列力法方程( A ) (1分)A B (3) 作图 ( B )(2分) 作图 ( F )(2分) A B C D E F G H I J(4) 求系数和自由项由图乘法计算d11、D1P( C ) (2分) A B C D E F( D )(2分) A B C D E F解方程可得( E )(2分) A B C D E F G (5) 由叠加原理作图( B )(2分) A B C D5.力法解图示结构,并作弯矩图。杆件EI为常数。(15分)(1)B;(2)C;(3)A解:(1) 利用对称性结构取半边结构如图( B )所示。(5分) A B C D (2)作出一半刚架弯矩图如图( C )所示。 (5分) A B C D (3)作整个刚架弯矩图如图( A )所示。 (5分) A B C D6用力法计算图示组合结构。(10分)(1)D;(2)C;(3)B;(4)A;(5)C;(6)E;(7)A解 (1) 选取基本体系如下图示。(2)列出力法方程(3)计算系数及自由项作图 ( D )(2分) 作图( C )(2分) A B C D( B )(1分)( A )(1分)A 0 B 1 C 2 D 4=( C ) (1分)=( E ) (2分) A B C D E F(4)解力法方程,求出基本未知量( A ) (1分) A B C D 7利用对称性计算图示结构,作弯矩图。EI=常数。 (15分)(1)E;(2)A;(3)B解:(1) 将荷载分成对称荷载和反对称荷载。(2) 简化后可取半边结构如( E )所示。(5分) A B C D E(3)作出一半刚架弯矩图如图( A )所示。 (5分) (单位:) (单位:)A B (单位:) (单位:)C D(4)作整个刚架弯矩图如图( B )所示。 (5分) (单位:) (单位:)A B (单位:) (单位:)C D待添加的隐藏文字内容38.用力法计算图示结构,作弯矩图。 (10分)(1)A;(2)F;(3)D;(4)B;(5)A;(6)B解 (1) 选取基本体系( A ) (2) 列力法方程( A ) (3) 作图 ( A )(2分) 作图( F )(2分) (单位:) (单位:)A B (单位:) (单位:) (单位:)C D E (单位:) F(4) 求系数和自由项由图乘法计算d11、D1P( D ) (2分) A B C D ( B )(2分) A B C D 解方程可得( A )(1分) A B C D(5) 由叠加原理作图( B )(1分) (单位:) (单位:)A B (单位:) (单位:)C D9用力法计算图示结构,作弯矩图。EI=常数。 (15分)(1)A;(2)A;(3)C;(4)D;(5)A;(6)B;(7)B;(8)A解: (1) 选取基本体系( A )(2分) A B C D(2) 列力法方程( A ) (1分)A B (3) 作图 ( C )(2分) 作图( D )(2分) (单位:) A B (单位:) C D (单位:) E F(4) 求系数和自由项由图乘法计算d11、D1P( A ) (2分) A B C D ( B )(2分) A B C D 解方程可得( B )(2分) A B C D (5) 由叠加原理作图( A )(2分) A B C DWinger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis' 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnley's effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competition's top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011."I'd give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend," said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during City's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA." Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by England's Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos' focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. They've been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.