深圳牛津版八年级上U2知识点讲解和练习(Word版带答案).doc

Module 1 Amazing things Unit 2 Numbers重点1. 掌握基数词与序数词的用法，了解加减乘除在英文的表达。 e.g. There are five apples on the table, and I want the second. Three plus four is / equals seven.2. hundred, thousand, million表示确数与表示概数的用法。 e.g. Two thousand trees were planted last year. But hundreds of them have died.3. 大数的读法：百位数与十位数或个位数用and相连；4. 短语challenge sb. to sth., promise to do sth.。难点基数词与序数词的用法。易错点hundred, thousand, million表示确数与表示概数的用法。高频考点1. 基数词与序数词用法；2. instead的用法；词汇：numbern. 数字instructionsn. pl. 指示；命令checkv. 检查；核实gramn. 克（重量单位）sonn. 儿子chessn. 国际象棋India n. 印度wiseadj. 充满智慧的challengev. 向（某人）挑战promisev. 许诺；承诺prizen. 奖赏；奖品grainn. 谷粒chessboardn. 国际象棋棋盘doublev. （使）加倍amountn. 数量；数额restn. 剩余部分goldn. 金子；黄金insteadadv. 代替；顶替copyv. 抄写correctlyadv. 准确无误地trafficn. 交通accidentn. （交通）事故短语a long time ago很久以前Challenge to向（某人）挑战and so on等等copy down抄写第一部分：词汇精讲1. number n. 数字 We often use Arabic numbers in our daily life. 在我们的日常生活中我们经常使用阿拉伯数字。【拓展】（1）number 还可以表示“号码” 如：Whats your telephone number? 你的电话号码是多少？（2）a number of 许多，后接可数名词复数；the number of 的数量2. check v. 检查，核实Our teachers check our homework every day. 我们的老师每天都检查我们的作业。Please check the answers. 请核对答案。【拓展】 Check in 登记；检票 check out 办清手续后离开 check up 检验3. promise v. 许诺，承诺 其后可接双宾语或动词不定式作宾语She promised me the book. 她许诺给我这本书。【拓展】 （1）promise (sb.) to do sth. （向某人）承诺做某事They promised to come to the party on time. 他们答应准时来参加聚会。（2）promise 也可用做名词，make a promise 意为许下诺言，答应，保证。My mother made a promise to buy a new bike for me.母亲答应给我买一辆新自行车4. instead adv. 代替，顶替She is very busy. Lets go instead. 她太忙了，还是让我们去吧。【辨析】instead 与 instead of instead代替，顶替位于句首或句末instead of代替， 而不是后接名词，代词或动名词Instead Ill stay at home and do my homework. 相反，我会待在家里做作业。Ill read newspapers instead of seeing a film. 我将看报纸而不是看电影。5. double v. 使加倍 and then double the amount for each of the rest of the squares.其余的方格每一格都是（前一方格）两倍的数量。 【拓展】double adj. 两倍的，双人的Excuse me, I want a double room please. 您好，我想要一个双人房。6. amount n. 总额Tell me the amount of water in the tank. 告诉我罐子里水的总量。【辨析】the amount of & the number of 同为“的数量，的数额”的意思，但the amount of与不可数名词连用；而the number of 与可数名词连用；an amount of & a number of 同为“许多”的意思，但an amount of与不可数名词连用；而a number of 与可数名词连用。7. rest n. 剩余部分Theyll eat some of the bread and keep the rest for breakfast. 他们会吃一些面包，剩下的留作早点。【拓展】 （1） rest n. 休息 有短语 have / take a rest 休息We stopped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息了一下。（2）rest v. 休息，使休息。The rest for half an hour. 他们休息了半个小时。8. realize v. 认识到，意识到【用法】（1）realize + n.At last she realized her mistakes. 最后她意识到了她的错误。（2）realize + that 从句I realized that is was time to go to school. 我意识到该上学了。（3）realize + 疑问词+其他I dont think you realize how important this is to her. 我认为你没有意识到这对她多重要。第二部分：重点句型1. It is 17.8 centimetres long. 它有17.8 厘米长。【解析】17.8 centimetres long 意为 17.8 厘米长。在英语中，表示长宽高面积等通常用基数词+单位名词 metre(s), foot/feet, centimeter(s)等+形容词 (long, wide, high)The bridge is about 50 metres long. 这座桥约 50米长。They are only 15 centimetres wide. 它们只有15厘米宽。2. One day, a wise old man came to the palace and the king challenged him to a game.有一天，以为充满智慧的老者来到宫殿，国王向他挑战一次比赛。【短语】challenge to 表示向某人挑战My father challenges me to a table tennis game. 父亲向我挑战一场乒乓球比赛。3. The king promised the old man, “You can have any prize if you win the game.” 国王向老者承诺：“如果你赢得比赛，你可以得到任何奖励。” 【解析】if 连词，意为如果，引导条件状语从句。 If 引导的条件状语从句可以放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前；当条件状语从句位于主句之前时，后面要用逗号与主句隔开。Well go to visit the Great Wall if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天天气好，我们将去游览长城。If it rains, I wont go swimming. 如果下雨， 我不会去游泳。【拓展】 含有if 引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，要遵循主将从现的原则，即若主句用一般将来时（或含有情态动词，为祈使句），if 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。4. The king quickly really the problem even with all the rice in the country, he would still not have enough rice to put on all the squares! 过往很快意识到问题-即使倾尽全国的大米，他也没有足够的大米放在所有的方格上！【解析】Enough 此处用作形容词，意为充足的，足够的。可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。他放在名词的前面或后面都可以。如：He doesnt have enough time/ time enough to finish the work. 他没有足够的时间去完成这项工作。【拓展】enough 作副词时，意为足够地，十分，通常用于所修饰的形容词或副词之后。如：The boy is strong enough to lift the box. 这个男孩很强壮，能举起这个箱子。5. “I can teach you how to make more money if you promise to follow my advice,” 如果你承诺采纳我的建议，我可以教你如何去赚更多的钱。【解析】（1） how to make more money 是疑问词+动词不定式短语结构，意为如何去赚更多的钱。 在句中作teach 的宾语。疑问代词或副词what/ who/ whom/ which/ where/ when/ how后跟动词不定式，常用作动词know/tell/ask/teach等的宾语。He asked me where to park his car. 他问我该把他的车停在哪里。Could you please teach me how to make a home page? 你能教我如何制作主页吗？（2）advice不可数名词，意为建议，表示一条建议，用a/one piece of advice,表示一些建议，用some advice.I will give you some advice on how to look after your pet dog.我将给你一些怎样照顾你的宠物狗的建议。【拓展】（1）advice的常用搭配Give sb. some advice/ give some advice to sb. 给某人提一些建议；Ask for advice 征求意见， follow/ take ones advice 接受某人的建议（2） advise 动词 ，意为建议，后接名词，代词或v.-ing形式做宾语，也可用于advise sb (not) to do sth. 结构，意为建议某人（不要做）某事She advised us to wait (for) one more day. 她建议我们再等一天。6. From then on he was not lazy any more. 从那以后，他不再懒惰。【解析】not any more 相当于no more, 意为不再，多表示数量上或程度上不再The girl didnt cry any more. = The girl no more cried. 那个女孩子不再哭了。I wont play computer games any more = I will no more play computer games. 我不会再玩电脑游戏。【拓展】not.any longer 相当于no longer 意为不再，多表示在时间或距离上不再。 She doesnt live here any longer. = She no longer lives here. 她不再住在这里了。7. Where the story took place 故事发生的地点【解析】take place 意为发生，不用于被动语态中This story took place last year. 这个故事是去年发生的。【辨析】 take place 与 happentake place表示发生，举行，举办，一般指非偶然性事件的发生，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排When will the basketball game take place?篮球赛何时举行？happen做发生，碰巧解，一般用于偶然，或突发性事件An accident happened in that street.那条街上发生了一起事故。第三部分：语法点拨A. 基数语与序数词英语中的数词分为两大类：基数词和序数词1. 基数词 基数词是表示数目多少的词，其主要用法有：用于名词前表示数量的多少。 I have three pens.（2） 表示时间 Its eleven oclock now/（3） 表示年龄 My mother is thirty-eight years old.（4） 表示价格 The bike is two hundred and thirty- five yuan.【拓展】 英语中没有表示万，或千的专有名词，要表示万或千等数字，借助thousand 或million 来表达。 读数字时，and 常用于百位数与紧跟的数之间。如：256： two hundred and fifty- six助记： 基数词的读法数字拼读有标准，自右向坐三逗分一逗 thousand（千）, 二逗 million（百万） 三逗 billion(十亿)自左向右分逗读，每逗百后and 连。2. 序数词是表示顺序先后的词，其主要用法有：表顺序 January is the first month of the year.表第几次 This is my second time to visit Nanjing.表示日期 Today is the fifth of March.【拓展】 （1）序数词主要用作定语，通常在前面加定冠词the. 但当序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时，不用定冠词the。 Mr Lin lives on the fifth floor. Simon is his third child.(2)如果序数词前出现不定冠词，a 或 an 表示再，又。 Youll have to do it a second time.表示编号时， 可用序数词+名词或名词+基数词Lets study the fifth lesson.= lets study lesson five.B . 加减乘除的表达.1. “加”用plus，and或add表示；“等于”用is，make，equal等词表示。2+3=? 可表示为： How much is two plus three?2+3=5Two plus three is five.Two and three is equal to five.Two and three make five.Two added to three equals five.If we add two to/and three, we get five.2. “减”用 minus或 take from表示106?How much is ten minus six?10-6=4Ten minus six is four.Take six from ten and the remainder is four.Six (taken) from ten is four.十减去六等于四3. “乘”用time（动词）或multiply表示3X4? How much is three times four?3X4=12Three times four is/are twelve.Multiply three by four，we get twelve.Three multiplied by four makes twelve.三乘以四等于十二4. “除”用divide的过去分词形式表示16÷4=? How much is sixteen divided by four?16÷44Sixteen divided by four is four.Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four.十六除以四等于四。C. 分数表示法1. 分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters1/3 one third或a third24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths1/2 a half1/4 one quarter或a quarter2. 当分数后面接名词时，如果分数表示的值大于1，名词用复数；小于1，名词用单数。1 1/2 hours 一个半小时（读作 one and a half hours）2 3/4 meters 二又四分之三米（读作two and three-fourths meters）4/5 meter 五分之四米5/6 inch 六分之五英寸【词汇篇】例1.（）首字母填空。 He won the first p_ in the singing competition (比赛). He felt really happy.【考点】高频词汇【解析】从competition可见，本题要表达“他在比赛中获得第一名，感到很开心。”【答案】prize例2.（）首字母填空。 The baby has d_ its weight in a year. It was 20pounds last years and now, its 40!【考点】高频词汇【解析】从后句那婴儿去年20磅，今年以及是40磅，体重增加了一倍，所以容易得出答案。【答案】doubled例3.（）We had a party _ having class last Friday.       A. instead        B. instead of        C. but          D. still 【考点】instead与instead of的区别【解析】instead是副词，后不接名词或动名词；but表示转折；still为仍然【答案】B例4.（） 很久以前，这里住着一位公主。 _ _ _ _, here lived a prince.【考点】词汇积累【答案】A long time ago【句型语法篇】例5.（）About _ the students in our school have learned how to use computers before. A. two thousand  B. two thousands   C. two thousand of  D. two thousands of【考点】thousand的用法【解析】“数字+thousand + 名词”表示确数；“thousands of + 名词”表示概数。【答案】A例6.（）Dont worry. She can look after your pet _.       A. careful enough       B. enough careful      C. carefully enough      D. enough careful 【考点】enough的用法。【解析】enough可以作为形容词常用在名词前，enough还可以作为副词，常用在形容词或副词之后。【答案】C例7.（）- Could you tell me _?   -At 10:00 tomorrow morning.          A. how to leave                     B. when to leave          C. where youll leave for          D. who youll leave with【考点】宾语从句以及不定式作宾语。【解析】not anybody表示没有人，是全否定；not everybody表示并非所有人，是部分否定。【答案】A例8.（）If our government _pay attention to the safety, our health _ in danger.A. isnt; is B. doesnt; will be C. wont; is D, isnt; will be【考点】条件状语从句【解析】在条件状语从句中，从句用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。【答案】B【能力篇】例9.（）阅读理解 Life is like the four seasons.Now I am very old，but when I was young，it was the spring of my life.I was born，I played a lot，and then I started school.I learned many new things.Like a flower，I grew bigger every day.There were happy days and sorrowful days：some days the sun shone，and some days it didn't. In my twenties，I had a good job.I was strong and happy.Then I married(结婚) and had a child.In those days，I didn't have much time to think.Every day I was busy and worked very hard.And so，I started to get some white hairs.The summer of my life passed quickly. Then the days got shorter.Leaves fell from the trees.My child was a university student，and then an engineer.My home was much quieter.I started walking more slowly.One day I stopped working.I had more time.I understood this was my autumn，a beautiful time when the trees change color and give us delicious fruits. But the days kept getting shorter and colder.Winter has come.I am older and weaker.I know I do not have many days left，but I will enjoy them to the end. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。( ) 1.The writer started walking more slowly in the _ of his life. A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter( ) 2.According to the passage，which of the following ages is during the summer of his life? A.15. B.33. C.62. D.87.( ) 3.What does the word "sorrowful" mean in this passage?A. Sad. B. Exciting. C. Wonderful. D. Pleasant.( ) 4.Which of the following is true? A. The writer was an engineer. B. The writer had a garden with flowers. C. The writer was always happy as a child. D. The writer now is old and weak，but still he enjoys his life.( ) 5.The best title of the passage can be _. A. Four Seasons B. My LifeC. Four Seasons in a Year D. Four Seasons in My Life答案与解析：1.C 细节判断题。根据每个阶段的描述，可知是在秋季。2.B 根据一年四季划分年龄段可得出答案。3.A 由下文“一些天，太阳照耀(露出笑脸)；一些天，太阳不出来(阴天)”可推出此处表达心情“不高兴的”。4.D 可用排除法。根据短文大意，可知只有 D 正确。5.D 纵观全文内容可知最佳标题是“我生命中的四季”。