牛津上海版八年级上册Uni5-Encyclopaedia知识点及语法点练习(答案不全).docx

U5 Encyclopaedia重点单词序号英文音标词性中文1Africa/'æfrk /n.非洲2Europe/'jrp /n. 欧洲3fierce/fs /adj.凶猛的，凶狠的4though /ð/conj.虽然，尽管，即使5*encyclopaedia/n,sakl'pid/n.百科全书6*dinosaur/'dans/n.恐龙7exist /'zst/v.存在，实际上有8even/'iv()n/adv.甚至9harmless/'h:mls/adj.无害的，不会导致损伤的10harmful /'hmfl/adj.有害的，导致损害的11nobody /'nbd/pron.没有人12*skeleton /'skeltn/n.骨骼，骨架，骨骼标本13*footprint /'ftprnt/n.脚印，足迹14*Greece/ris/n.希腊15*jar /d/n.缸，坛子，罐子16create /kri'et/v.创造，创建17character /'kærkt/n.人物，角色18mail /mel/n.邮件，信件 19real/ril/adj.真实的，实际存在的20while/wal/conj.与.同时21cause/kz/v.使发生，引起，导致22harm/hm/n.伤害，损害23believe/b'liv/v.相信24disease/d'ziz/n.病，疾病25government/gvnmnt/n.政府，内阁26repair/r'pe/v.& n.修理，修补，修缮27fee/fi/n.费用28journey/'dn/n.（尤指长途）旅行，行程重点短语1. look it up （宾格放中间）拓展：look for/look after/look around/look at/look out oflook forward to查找它（字典书籍等）寻找./照顾/环视/看着/朝外看盼望，期待2. live on the Earth拓展：on earth 居住在地球上究竟3. as gentle as sheep 拓展：as as not as as = not so as=less than 和绵羊一样温顺和一样（中间加原级）不如怎样 （3种） 4. sixty million拓展：millions of 具体数字不加“s”,不具体加“s”+of六百万数百万5. over=more than 拓展：less than 超过（2种）少于6. everywhere=here and there到处7. someothers拓展：one the other one , another, the third one after another the other two 一些.另一些一个.另一个一个，另一个，第三个一个接着一个剩余的两个8. be harmful to =be bad for= do harm to 拓展：be harmless to 对.有害（3种）对无害9. die out 拓展：die of die from 把.拉进.中死于（内因）死于（外因）10. an amusement park in the USA拓展：in America美国有名的乐园在美国11. know about了解12. be famous for拓展：be famous as以.出名作为.出名13. at the same time同时14. win a free trip to Disneyland 拓展：the trip to.赢得一次迪士尼免费之旅去某地的旅行15. finally=in the end=at last最后（3种）16. the way to be happy快乐的方式17. as few things as possible 拓展：as . as possible =as.as somebody can(could) as fast as possible =as fast as somebody can(could)尽可能少的东西尽.可能（2种）尽.可能快（2种）18. become even happier拓展：修辞比较级的有：even/much/far/a little/a bit/a lot/stillbecome/get/turn+形容词变得更快乐了 19. living things生物20. throw way扔掉21. give birth to two baby pandas 生两只熊猫宝宝22. after leaving school 拓展：介词+doing 毕业后23. be like a bear in shape and size在体形上像熊24. up to多达25. as well也词性转换:原词可能的变形1. own （v.）拥有owner (n.)拥有者2. Africa (n.) 非洲African (n)非洲人 (adj.)非洲的3. Europe（n.）欧洲European (n.)欧洲人(adj) 欧洲的4. Greece (n.) 希腊Greek (n.) 希腊人(adj.)希腊人的5. harm (v.) 伤害(n.) 伤害 harmful (adj.) 有害的harmless (adj.) 无害的6. create (v.) 创造creative (adj.) 有创造力的creation (n.) 创造creativity (n.) 创造力creator (n.) 创造者7. real (adj.) 真实的，实际上really (adv.) 实际上，事实上realize (v.) 意识到；实现reality (n.) 现实8. exist (v.) 存在existence (n.) 存在9. think (v.) 思考thinker (n.) 思想家thought (n.) 思想10. amusement (n)娱乐amuse (v.)娱乐；消遣amused (adj.) 觉得好笑的，逗乐的amusing (adj.) 好笑的，有趣的11. weight (n.)重量weigh (v.)重达.12. hungry (n.) 饥饿的hunger (n.)饥饿13. competition (n.)竞争；比赛compete (v.)竞争competitor (n.)竞争者14. gentle (adj.) 温柔的gently (adv.) 温柔地 gentleman (n.) 绅士 15. power (n.) 力量powerful (adj.) 有力量的 16. like (prep.) 像unlike (prep.) 不像 likely (adj.) 可能的17. believe (v.) 相信belief (n.) 信仰believable (adj.) 可相信的unbelievable (adj.) 难以置信的同义句转换:1. be + adj.（比较级）than = be not as adj.（原形）as 例题：Some dinosaurs were fiercer than tigers. = Tigers arent _ fierce _ some dinosaurs. 2. as + adj. + as = be the same n. as例题：My husband is as tall as my younger brother. = My husband _ the _ _ _ my younger brother. Mary is the same age as Lucy. = Mary is _ _ _ Lucy.4. as + adj./adv. + as possible = as + adj./adv. + as sb.can (could) 例题：Nancy will run as quickly as possible. = Nancy will run as _ as _ _.5. sth. cost sb. money = sb. spend (spent) money on sth./(in) doing sth. = sb. pay (paid) money for sth. 例题：Those tickets cost her 200 yuan. = _ _ 200 yuan on those tickets. = _ _ 200 yuan for those tickets.6. be harmful to = be bad for = do harm to 例题：Smoking is harmful to our health. = Smoking is _ _ our health. = Smoking _ _ to our health.7. buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 例题：May's father bought her an encyclopaedia. = May's father bought an _ for _. 8. sb. is a/an. teacher = one's job is to teach students. 例题：He is a maths teacher. = His job is _ _ students maths.9. A create B= B be created by A 例题：Disneyland Park was created by Walt Disney. = Walt Disney _ Disneyland Park.10. more than = over 例题：Dinosaurs lived on the Earth over sixty million years ago. = Dinosaurs lived on the Earth _ _ sixty million years ago.11.sb. spend (spent) time (in) doing sth./on sth. = It takes (took) sb. time to do sth. 例题：They spent three month touring Europe. = It _ them three months to _ Europe.12. while = at the same time 例题：The mouse sometimes sat on Disney's desk while he was working. = The mouse sometimes sat on Disney's desk _ _ _ _ he was working.13. it is (was) not possible = it impossible 例题：The scientists found it was not possible to fly in the 18th century. = The scientists found _ _ to fly in the 18th century.14. belonged to = used to belong to 例题：This motorcycle belonged to Sandy, but now it doesnt. = This motorcycle _ _ belong to Sandy.15. look after well = take good care of 例题：I looked after my pet dog well. = I _ _ _ _ my pet dog .16.so that（表示目的，原因）例题：He got up early. He could catch up with the early bus.=He got up early _ _ he could catch up with the early bus.17. weekdays = from Monday to Friday 例题：We go to work on weekdays. = We go to work _ Monday _ Friday.重点语法1.other; the other; others; the others; another的用法：不定代词意义用法说明other另外的只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用；但如果前面有the, this, that, some, any, each, every, no, one, my, your, his等时，则可与单数名词连用。the other两者中另一个常与one连用，构成“one,the other”;作定语修饰复数名词时，表示“全部其余的”others多者中剩下的部分是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部），不能作定语，构成someothersthe others多者中剩下的全部是the other 的复数形式，特指其余全部的人或物another三者（以上）另一个指三者或三者以上中的任何一个，用作形容词或代词。构成one after another(一个接着一个)【随堂小测练】1. Mrs Smith has two children. One is a girl and _ is a boy. 2. I dont like this shirt, please show me _. 3. I have got three tickets for the concertOne is for today and_are for tomorrow4. I bought a lot of bananas. Only a few of them are green, _ are yellow. 5. The professor answered the questions one after after the lecture.6. This shirt doesnt fit me. Do you have any _ kinds? 7. The children are all working in the classroom. Some of them are cleaning the windows and _ are sweeping the floor. 8. We must help each _ with our English.9. I know there is a pen in your right hand. But whats in your _ hand? 10.I know there is a pen in your right hand. But whats in _ hand? keys：1. the other 2. another 3. the others 4. the others 5. another6. other 7. others 8. other 9.other10.the other2.名词重难点：可数名词规则变化（易错点）(1) 以f/fe结尾 改f为ves wife-wives leaf-leaves s proof-proofs, roof-roofs, chief-chiefs (2) o结尾的名词 有生命的+es,无生命的+s mango-mangoes photo-photos可数名词不规则变化（1） 常见的有：a-e man-men, fisherman-fishermen, woman-women oo-ee foot-feet, goose-geese,tooth-teeth mouse-mice(老鼠), child-children, ox-oxen(公牛) （2） 单复数同型: deer fish sheep 批注：fish作鱼肉讲时不可数，没有复数。/ fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。 如：Help yourself to some fish.（鱼肉） How many fishes are there in the river? （鱼的种类） （3）表示“某国人”的名词单复数变化如下：(中日不变) a Chinese-two Chinese; a Japanese- four Japanese(英法变) an English- eight Englishmen; an Frenchman-nine Frenchmen (其他S加后面) a German-five Germans; a Australian-two Australians课堂练习Part 2 Phonetics, Grammar and vocabulary （第二部分 语音、语法和词汇）. Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案）：（共20分）26 Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from the others?A. death B. bread C. headache D. create27 The doctors tried_ best to save the little girl's life, but failed.A. they B. their C. them D. theirs28 Is there_ during your journey to the old town Lijiang?A. something interesting B. interesting somethingC. anything interesting D. interesting anything29 To start a business is difficult, but to keep it going is_.A. more easy B. more difficultC. the most difficult D. the least difficult30 However, the lessons here are not _ they are in my former school.A. as easy than B. as easy as C. as easily as D. so easily as31 In spring, there are a lot of beautiful flowers in the park and they_ sweet.A. taste B. feel C. smell D. sound32 Most of us think that left-handed people are the same_ right-handed people.A. in B. from C. with D. as33 _ Donald Duck_ Snow White is welcomed by children all over the world.A. Both . andB. Not only . but alsoC. Neither . nor D. Either . and34 Foreign tourists feel happy and safe_ they are visiting the city of Shanghai. A. while B. since C. after D. until35 I'm afraid you have to wait for a while because Judy had a toothache just now and she_ the dentist's.A. has been to B. had been to C. has gone to D. had gone to36 When you send the invitations, tell them_ too many presents.A. to bring B. not to bring C. bring D. not bring37 - I was told to start at six early tomorrow morning.- Oh, you_. I am sorry for not telling you that we have changed the plan.A. can't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't38 Look! How happy Dennis is! He must have got_ good news.A. a B. many C. some D. a lot39 She had_ the cat all over the village but still couldn't find it.A. looked for B. looked up C. looked at D. looked around40 Hey boy! Would you like to show me what's in your_ hand?A. the others B. the other C. another D. other41 Did all dinosaurs do_ to human beings?A. harmful B. harmless C. harm D. harmfully42 The poor boys had to go out and hunt for food to keep themselves_.A. living B. lively C. lived D. alive43 My grandparents would like to have a _ trip to the Rockies this year.A seven day B. seven daysC. seven-day D. seven-days44 The little boy is wondering _ .A. what is the spaceship look likeB. what the spaceship looks likeC. how the spaceship looks like D. how the spaceship is like45 - Do you mind my closing the window?-_. It's much too noisy outside.A. Certainly I do B. Of course notC. All right D. You'd better notIII. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once（将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空限填一词，每词限填一次）：（共8分）A. famous for B. ready C. well D. known as E. watched French doctors and American scientists have reported doing an operation in which the doctor was outside the operating room. This kind of operation is 46 robotic operation. Doctor Marescaux did the operation in an office in New York City last month, while a sixty-eight-year-old woman patient was in a hospital in Strasbourg, France.A doctor in Strasbourg got the patient 47 . He placed medical tools and a small video camera in her stomach area. Doctor Marescaux in New York 48 the patient on a video screen. Then he used the computer to send messages to the robot machine.The robot moved the tools that cut the woman's gall bladder (胆囊) away. The woman got 49 soon after the operation and left the hospital two days later.46. _ 47. _ 48. _ 49. _A. order B. far away C. training D. nearby E. based on Experts say the main problem with such a robotic operation is 50 high-speed telecommunications between the doctor and the robot. Technology must be able to send a doctor's 51 to a robot to move the tools quickly. Experts also say a successful robotic operation will improve an operation. For example, the robot can make much smaller movements than a person can. A robot machine can turn tools in ways that a doctor's hand cannot. Doctors say such a robotic operation will make safer and better operations possible in the future. They say it will improve doctor 52 . It will also mean that doctors could do an operation on people in dangerous places 53 . And it could mean that people could have operations done by top doctors without having to travel to the cities where the doctors work.50. _ 51._ 52._ 53._IV. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用所给单词的适当形式填空，每格限填一词）：（共8分）54. Go straight ahead and turn right at the _ crossing. (three)55. Nearly all of the people _ him because he was a very good man. (belief)56. Some of the snakes are _ , so we don't need to be afraid of them. (harm)57. Taking photos is an interesting and _ but very expensive hobby for teenagers. (create)58. The boy buried the _ bird in the backyard and cried sadly. (die)59. Our lazy cat isn't very helpful in catching _ . (mouse)60. These artists painted pictures of the _ of the common people. (live)61. He opened a small store in the small town and _ self-made candies. (sell)Rewrite the following sentences as required（按要求改写