人教版八年级下册英语知识点总结.docx

八年级下册英语知识点总结Unti1whatsthematter?短语归纳1. toomuch太多2.liedown躺下3.getanX-ray做个X光检查4.takeonestemperature量体温5.putsomemedicineon.在.上敷药6.haveafever发烧7.takebreaks/takeabreak休息8.withoutthinkingtwice没多想9.getoff下车10.takesbtothehospital送某人去医院11.waitfor等待12.toonessurprise使.惊讶的13.thanksto多亏于；由于14.intime及时15.thinkabout考虑16.haveaheartproblem患有心脏病17.getintothetrouble遇到麻烦18.dotherightthing做正确的事情事情19.falldown摔倒20.put.onsth把.放在某物上21.gethit/sunburned摔伤/烧伤22.beinterestedin对.感兴趣23.beusedto习惯于.24.takerisks/takearisk挑战25.loseoneslife失去生命26.becauseof因为27.runoutof用完28.cutoff切除29.getoutof从.出来30.makeadecision/decisions做决定31.beincontrolof掌管；管理32.giveup放弃用法归纳1. needtodosth.需要去做某事2. seesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事3. asksbsth询问某人某事4.expectsbtodosth期望某人做某事5.agreetodosth想要做某事6.helpsb(to)dosth帮助某人做某事7.wanttodosth想要做某事8.tellsbtodosth告诉某人做某事9.haveproblems(in)doingsth做某事有困难10.usesthtodosth用某物去做某事11.be/getusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事12.seemtodosth好像做某事13.keepondoingsth继续做某事14.minddoingsth介意做某事1.询问某人的健康问题及遇到麻烦的表达方法2.情态动词should的用法情态动词should的用法表示劝告与建议，也表义务与责任第一人称问句中，征询建议要记清3.不定代词的用法相关阅读方法推理判断阅读法精细解读1. Whatsthematter(withyou)?怎么了？出什么事了？Whatsthetrouble/theproblem/wrongwithsb./sth.?2. Ihadacold.我感冒了。haveacold=catchacold=havethefluhaveafeverhaveacough咳嗽haveastomachache胃疼，肚子疼haveatoothache牙疼haveaheadache头疼3. 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachachehead+ache=headachetooth+ache=toothacheback+ache=backache后背痛5.enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。goodenough足够好，enoughmoney=moneymoney6. liedown躺下，lie躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied7. maybe“或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybeyouareright.maybe，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。Hemaybeangry.8. soundlike+名词代词和从句：Itsoundslikeyoudontknowthetruth.Itsoundslikeagoodidea.sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，Themusicsoundsnice.9. need需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；needtodosth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：Youneedtolistencarefullyduringclass.needdoingsth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Yourdirtyclothesneedwashing.10. getoff(thebus)下（公交车）geton上车.hitsb.onthehead/nose/back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位；hitsb.intheface/eye/stomach打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。19.beusedtosth./doingsth.习惯于、适应了、做某事，强调状态；Hisgrandpawasusedtocountrylife.Maryisnotusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.get/becomeusedtosth./doingsth.“变得习惯，逐渐适应”强调过程、动作：Itsdifficultforonetogetusedtoanothercountryshabit.20. 【复习】free形容词空闲的freetime；免费的thedrinkisforfree；自由的Iwanttobecomeafreebird.free【动词】使解脱，得到自由Hecouldnotfreehisarm.21. runout用完，用尽Whenhiswaterrunout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.物sth.tunout.某物用尽了。人sb.runoutof物sth.人用尽了某物。Herunoutofallhismoneylastnight.22. risk(sb.)todosth.冒险去做某事takearisk=takerisks冒险23.theimportanceof(doing)sth.（做）某事的重要性Westudentsshouldknowtheimportanceof(learning)English.importancen.重要（性），importantadj.重要的，unimportantadj.27.giveup(doing)sth.放弃（做）某事，giveup(playing)computergames；giveup后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式，也可不接，如Nevergiveupeasily.三、 重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。【用法】1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。如：Mariaboughtherselfascarf.Wemustlookafterourselvesverywell.2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如：Sheisntquiteherselftoday.3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如：SheherselfwillflytoLondontomorrow.Imetthewriterhimselflastweek.4. 用在某些固定短语当中。如：lookafteroneself/takecareofoneself照顾自己teachoneselfsth./learnsth.byoneself自学enjoyoneself玩得高兴，过得愉快helponeselftosth请自用（随便吃/喝些）.hurtoneself摔伤自己saytooneself自言自语leavesb.byoneself把某人单独留下buyoneselfsth.给自己买东西introduceoneself介绍自己【提醒】1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。（误）Myselfcanfinishmyhomework.(正)Imyselfcanfinishmyhomework./Icanfinishmyhomeworkmyself.2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用onesown.如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）Imdrawingwithmyselfcrayons.(正)Imdrawingwithmyowncrayons.二、重要短语1.haveacold2.haveastomachache3.seesb.dosth.4.shoutforhelp5.expect(sb.)todosth.6.toonessurprise7.thanksto8.thinkabout9.beinterestedinsth.10.loseoneslife11.saveoneslife12.takearisk=takerisks 13.cutoff 14.keepondoingsth.Unit2Illhelptocleanthecityparks短语归纳1. cleanup打扫干净2.cheerup（使）变得更高兴；振奋起来3.giveout分发4.usedto曾经.；过去.5. giveaway赠送；捐赠6.setup建立；设立7.makeadifferenceeupwith想出9.putoff推迟10.putup张贴11.callup打电话给12.helpout帮助.摆脱困难13.carefor照顾；照看14.giveup放弃15.tryoutfor参加选拔etrue实现17.runoutof用光18.takeafter与.相像19.fixup修理20.besimiliarto与.相似用法归纳1. needtodosth需要做某事2. makeplantodosth制定计划做某事3. asksb(not)todosth要求某人（不要）做某事4. usedtodosth过去常常做某事5. giveup+时间+todosth放弃时间做某事6. getafeelingof.有.感觉7. decidetodosth决定做某事8. helpsb(to)dosth帮助某人做某事9. makeadifferenceto对.产生影响10. makeitpossibleforsbtodosth使得做某事对某人来说是可能的单元课文出现的好句子1. Weneedtocomeupwithaplantotellpeopleaboutthecityparkclean-up.我们要相处一个计划来告诉人们关于这个城市公园清洁日的事。2.Wecantputoffmakingaplan.我们不能推迟制定计划了Unit2Illhelptocleanthecityparks短语归纳1.cleanup打扫干净2.cheerup（使）变得更高兴；振奋起来3.giveout分发4.usedto曾经.；过去.5.giveaway赠送；捐赠6.setup建立；设立7.makeadifferenceeupwith想出9.putoff推迟10.putup张贴11.callup打电话给12.helpout帮助.摆脱困难13.carefor照顾；照看14.giveup放弃15.tryoutfor参加选拔etrue实现17.runoutof用光18.takeafter与.相像19.fixup修理20.besimiliarto与.相似用法归纳1. needtodosth需要做某事2. makeplantodosth制定计划做某事3. asksb(not)todosth要求某人（不要）做某事4. usedtodosth过去常常做某事5. giveup+时间+todosth放弃时间做某事6. getafeelingof.有.感觉7. decidetodosth决定做某事8. helpsb(to)dosth帮助某人做某事9. makeadifferenceto对.产生影响10. makeitpossibleforsbtodosth使得做某事对某人来说是可能的单元课文出现的好句子1. Weneedtocomeupwithaplantotellpeopleaboutthecityparkclean-up.我们要相处一个计划来告诉人们关于这个城市公园清洁日的事。2.Wecantputoffmakingaplan.我们不能推迟制定计划了3.Wecouldputupsigns.我们可以张贴标志牌。拓展链接动词+副词短语cheerup使高兴起来cleanup打扫干净putup张贴mixup修理giveaway赠送giveout分发giveup放弃useup用光getup起床handin上交putoff推迟pickup捡起thinkover仔细思考turndown关小音量setup建立setoff出发lookout小心动词+介词短语lookafter照顾belongto属于takeafter与.相像hearfrom收到.来信hearof听说payfor支付waitfor等待动词+副词+介词短语getoutof避免comeupwith想出catchupwith追上赶上lookforwardto期待盼望goonwith继续动词+名词短语havearest休息一下takeawalk散步makemistakes犯错haveatry试一下takeplace发生tellalie撒谎makeadecision做决定动词+名词+介词短语havealookat看一看makeafriendwith与.交朋友haveawordwith与.交谈haveadrinkof喝一点payattentionto注意makefunof取笑Be+形容词+介词短语belatefor迟到beangrywith生气befondof喜欢begoodat擅长begoodfor对.有好处beshortof缺乏besimiliarto与.相似bestrictwith对.严格要求bepoundof骄傲自豪语法点动词不定式归纳只跟动词不定式做宾语的动词决心学会有希望（decide,learn,wish,hope）同意计划莫假装（agree,plan,pretend）忘记拒绝会失望（forget,refuse,fail）准备设法来帮忙（prepare,try,manage,help）提供请求负担起（offer,beg,afford）记得阻止理应当（rememberstop,besupposed）相关阅读方法词义猜测阅读法习题链接Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?短语归纳1. dothedishes洗餐具2.takeoutthetrash倒垃圾3.goout外出4.stayout呆在外面；不在家5.helpout帮助做完某事6.atleast至少7.throwdown扔下8.allthetime一直；反复9.insurprise惊讶地10.assoonas一.就.11.spend.on.在.花费（时间、金钱、精力）12.inorderto为了13.providesthforsb向某人提供某物14.dependon依赖；信赖15.lookafter照顾；照看16.keepitcleanandtidy保持干净整洁17.getinto进入18.takecareof照顾19.asaresult结果用法归纳1. finishdoingsth做完某事2. wantsbtodosth想要某人做某事3. try(not)todosth尽力（不）做某事4. letsbdosth让某人做某事5. spend.(in)doingsth花费.做某事6. minddoingsth介意做某事7. learntodosth学习做某事8. learnhowtodosth学习怎样做某事9. The+比较级，the+比较级越.，就越.语法点情态动词could的用法表示请求与准许，could委婉有礼貌；表示能力会不会，could只把过去表表示怀疑不相信，could缓和情绪弱推测可能用could,虚拟语气也常用相关阅读方法细节阅读法Unit4whydontyoutalktoyourparents?短语归纳1. toomuch太多（修饰不可数名词）2.hangout闲逛3.toomany太多（修饰可数名词复数）4.getintoafight争吵5.callsbup给某人打电话6.talkabout谈论7.lookthrough浏览8.giveback归还9.beangrywithsb生某人的气10.abigdeal重要的事情11.workout解决；算出12.getonwithsb与某人和睦相处municatewithsb与某人交流14.beworriedabout担心.15.beafraidof害怕.16.infrontof在.前面17.not.anymore不再.18.somuch/many那么多petewithsb与某人竞争20.cutout删除；删去21.allkindsof各种各样pare.with.比较；对比23.inonesopinion依.看24.turndown调小用法归纳1. allowsbtodosth允许某人做某事2. whydontyoudosth?为什么不做某事呢？3. whynotdosth?为什么不做某事呢？4. findsbdoingsth发现某人在做某事5. tellsbtodosth告诉某人做某事6. refusetodosth拒绝做某事7. letsbdosth让某人做某事8. offertodosth主动提供做某事9. not.until.直到.才.10. itstimetodosth该做某事了11. it+adj+todosth做某事是.的12. keepondoingsth继续做某事13. whatdoyouthinkof.?你认为.怎么样？语法点1. Whydontyou+V.?等提出建议的句型及常用的答语2. 连词until,sothat以及although引导的状语从句相关阅读方法主谓一致法Unit5whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame?短语归纳1. waitfor等待2.lookfor寻找3.gooff(闹铃）发出声音4.takeashower洗澡5.pickup接电话；捡起6.makesure确信；务必7.havefun玩的开心8.fallasleep入睡；睡觉9.diedown逐渐变弱；逐渐消失10.wakeup醒来；叫醒11.inamess乱七八糟12.intimeofdifficulty在困难时期13.takephotos照相14.turnon打开15.makeonesway行走；前行16.insilence沉默地；无声地17.takedown摧毁；拆卸；记下18.tellthetruth说实话19.pointout指出20.goaway消失21.aswell也21.callout喊出1.bebusydoingsth/bebusywithsth忙于（做）某事2.seesb/sthdoingsth看见某人或某物正在做某事3.begin/starttodosth开始做某事4.trytodosth努力去做某事5.havetrouble（in）doingsth做某事又困难语法点过去进行时过去进行最好记，was/were+doing特定时间有暗示，过去某刻某时段肯定主语在句首，一般问句Be提前否定句式更简单，Be后只把not添相关阅读方法1. 词义辨析法2.题目和中心句理解法Unit6Anoldmantriedtomovethemountains短语归纳1.workon从事2. assoonas一.就.3.take.away拿走，带走3. agoodwaytodosth做某事的好方法5.alittlebit一点儿6.onceuponatime从前7.atothertimes平时；有时8.turn.into.变成eout出现，出版，结果是10. getmarried结婚11.fallinlovewithsb爱上某人12.openup打开13.beborn出生14. thinkofways想出方法15.allovertheworld全世界16.makeaplantodosth制定计划做某事17. alongtheway沿路18.belost迷路18. findout找出20.learnabout了解用法归纳1. trytodosth设法做某事2. finishdoingsth完成做某事3. continuetodosth继续做某事4.makesbdosth让某人做某事5.keepdoingsth一直做某事6.insteadofdoingsth代替做某事7.beabletosth能够做某事8.Ittakes/took.todosth花费.做某事9.havenotimetodosth没有时间做某事10.becomeinterestedindoingsth对做某事感兴趣11.cantstopdoingsth禁不住做某事12.hearsbdoingsth听到某人正在做某事13.leadsbtosomewhere引导某人到某处14.leavesthat/insomewhere把某物遗忘在某地15.showsbsth向某人展示某物语法点1. unless引导的条件状语从句2. so.that.引导的结果状语从句3. assoonas引导的时间状语从句相关阅读方法上下文暗示法和文体归类法Unit7whatsthehighestmountainintheworld?短语归纳1. takein吸入；吞入2. inthefaceof面对（问题；困难）3.atbirth出生时4.asyoucansee正如你所看到的5.asfarasIknow据我所知6.upto直到7.prepare.for.为.准备.8. fallover摔倒9.diefrom死于.9. cutdown砍到11.takecareof照顾；照看11. orso大约；左右13.indanger处于危险之中用法归纳1. anyother+名次单数其他任何一个.2. feelfreetoasksbsthon.就.随意问某人某事3.oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词复数最.的.之一4.whatsthe+形容词最高级+名词intheworld?世界上最.的.是什么？5.protect.from/against.保护.使不受；防御6.succeedindoingsth成功做成某事7.teachsbaboutsth教某人有关.内容8.sendsbtodosth派某人去做某事9.Therebesb/sthdoing.有某人/物正在做某事语法点1. 数词hundred,thousand,million,billion的用法2. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级用法比较级变化规则比较等级要变化，一般词尾加-er词尾若有哑音e，直接加r就可以一辅重读闭音节，辅音字母要双写辅音字母加y结尾，要把y改i加er相关阅读方法固定搭配Unit8HaveyoureadTreasureIslandyet?短语归纳1. befullof充满2.growup长大3.put.down.4.atleast至少5.hurryup赶快6.bringbacktosw带回到某地7.notlongafterthat之后不久8.morethan超出9.inthemiddleof在.中间10.fightover与.争吵；争斗11.thinkabout考虑etorealize逐渐意识到13.eversincethen从那时起14.akindof一种15.suchas例如16.belongto属于17.findout找出；查出18.attheendoftheday在一天结束的时候19.befamousfor因为.而出名20.themarkof.的印痕21.leavebehind遗忘；留下22.fulloffeeling充满感情23.theimportanceofmoneyandsuccess金钱和成功的重要性用法归纳1. finishdoingsth完成做某事2. arriveat/insw到达某地3. learntodosth学习做某事4. seesbdoingsth看到某人正在做某事5. namesbsth给某人取名为.6. teachsbsth教某人某事7. usesthtodo用某物做某事8. lovetodo/doingsth喜欢做某事9. cantwaittodosth迫不及待做某事10. bekindtosb对某人友好11.hopetodosth希望做某事12.havetimetodosth有时间做某事13havenothingtodo没什么事情可做Unit9Haveyoueverbeentoamuseum?短