基于DS1302多功能数字钟电子电工课程设计.doc
物理与电子科学学院电子电工实验基于DS1302多功能数字时钟-万年历实验报告 实验名称： 基于DS1302多功能数字钟 试验日期： 2014年 01 月 05 日 专 业： 电子信息工程 姓 名： 刘 斌 班 级： 物电 1105 班 学 号： 2011112030560 一、 设计理念：电子万年历是一个应用非常广泛的实用日常计时工具，带有显示温度，显示世纪，年，月，日，星期，时，分，秒和按键可调时间及其按键设置闹钟的功能，同时具有月末自动更新，闰年补偿功能，整点报时等多种功能。环境温度检测系统在日常生活和工业应用非常广泛，能实时采集周围的温度信息进行显示。此系统是基于STC89C52单片机设计的，包含液晶显示模块，DS1302实时时钟模块，DS18B20温度采集模块，键盘扫描模块，蜂鸣器报警模块。STC89C52作为控制核心，具有功耗低，功能强等特点，电压可选3到5V电源供电。显示模块采用1602液晶动态显示，相对数码管而言经济实用，占用空间小，对于显示数字、字母最为合适，而且与单片机连线简单，占用IO口相对较少。实时时钟芯片DS1302是一款经济实惠功能强大的较新型产品，该器件提供RTC/日历，可外加器件实现定时闹钟等功能，如果检测到主电源故障，该器件可自动切换到备用电源供电，可以保证在断电情况下精准走时，计时。温度检测显示模块采用数字式温度传感器DS18B20，该芯片具有精度高，测量范围广等优点，易与单片机连接，模块电路组成简单并同时具有温度报警功能。关键词：STC89C52，DS1302，DS18B20，1602液晶显示，电子万年历，采集设备周围环境温度、整点报时，闹钟时分通过按键设置，时、分、秒、年、月、日、星期通过按键进行调节校准二、 设计思路:核心控制体：STC89C52单片机实时时钟芯片：DS1302数字式温度传感器：DS18B20总共设有四个按键，为节约资源考虑，每个按键都有多种功能。四个按键分别标号为key1,key2,key3,key4。第一次按下key2,key3,key4都没有反应，首先按下key1键可选择指针位置，key2键为加键，key3为减键，key4键为闹钟设置清零键。操作简单，按键灵活。整点报时功能，可以按下key4键终止报警。主控模块 时钟模块温度检测显示1602显示模块键盘扫描模块闹钟模块系统设计框图： 系统硬件需求介绍：STC89C52单片机一片，DS1302实时时钟芯片一个，DS18B20数字式温度传感器一个，+5V无源蜂鸣器一个，12MHZ、32KHZ晶振各一个，多个按键和开关，常用电容电阻，连接线，三极管，二极管若干，滑动变阻器一个，+3V纽扣电池一个。三、 实施方案： 1、单片机核心控制模块：核心控制器件选用STC89C52单片机。STC89C52单片机为40管脚双列直插芯片，它是一种高性能，低功耗的8位CMOS微处理器芯片，市场应用最多。而且价格便宜，控制方便，便于应用有4个I/O口分别为P1,P2,P3,P4。其中每一个管脚都能做独立的输入输出管脚，它的第9脚位复位管脚，接上电容和上拉电阻再带个开关构成复位电路。18,19管脚接外部晶振和两个微调电容构成外部晶振电路。单片机，复位电路，晶振，5V电源构成单片机最小系统。其中与AT89C52单片机管脚连接如下图： 2、实时时钟电路模块：DS1302引脚排列:如下图引脚说明：1)1脚，Vcc2：后备电源，此设计中接+3V纽扣电池；8脚，VCC1：主电源，接+5V。在主电源关闭的情况下，也能保持时钟的连续运行。DS1302由Vcc1或Vcc2两者中的较大者供电。当Vcc2大于Vcc10.2V时，Vcc2给DS1302供电。当Vcc2小于Vcc1时，DS1302由Vcc1供电。2）X1、X2即2脚3脚：振荡源，外接32.768kHz晶振。3）4脚END，接地端。4）5脚RST：复位/片选线，通过把RST输入驱动置高电平来启动所有的数据传送。RST输入有两种功能：首先，RST接通控制逻辑，允许地址/命令序列送入移位寄存器；其次，RST提供终止单字节或多字节数据的传送手段。当RST为高电平时，所有的数据传送被初始化，允许对DS1302进行操作。如果在传送过程中RST置为低电平，则会终止此次数据传送，I/O引脚变为高阻态。上电运行时，在Vcc>2.0V之前，RST必须保持低电平。只有在SCLK为低电平时，才能将RST置为高电平。5）I/O为串行数据输入输出端(双向）。6）SCLK为时钟输入端。*特别注意：5，6，7脚在硬件电路实现中，必须接上拉电阻，接+5V. 3、DS18B20 工作模块： DS18B20 的温度检测与数字数据输出全集成于一个芯片之上，从而抗干扰力更强。其一个工作周期可分为两个部分，即温度检测和数据处理。DS18B20 的主要特征： 全数字温度转换及输出。 先进的单总线数据通信。 最高 12 位分辨率，精度可达土 0.5摄氏度。 12 位分辨率时的最大工作周期为 750 毫秒。 可选择寄生工作方式。 检测温度范围为55°C +125°C (67°F +257°F) 内置 EEPROM，限温报警功能。 64 位光刻 ROM，内置产品序列号，方便多机挂接。 多样封装形式，适应不同硬件系统。 4、液晶显示模块： 1602字符型液晶显示模块是一种专门用于显示字母、数字、符号等点阵式LCD，本设计采用16列*2行的字符型LCD1602带背光的液晶显示屏。引脚接口说明：第1脚：VSS为地电源。第2脚：VDD接5V正电源。第3脚：VL为液晶显示器对比度调整端，接正电源时对比度最弱，接地时对比度最高，对比度过高时会产生“鬼影”，使用时可以通过一个10K的电位器调整对比度。第4脚：RS为寄存器选择，高电平时选择数据寄存器、低电平时选择指令寄存器。第5脚：R/W为读写信号线，高电平时进行读操作，低电平时进行写操作。当RS和R/W共同为低电平时可以写入指令或者显示地址，当RS为低电平R/W为高电平时可以读忙信号，当RS为高电平R/W为低电平时可以写入数据。第6脚：E端为使能端，当E端由高电平跳变成低电平时，液晶模块执行命令。第714脚：D0D7为8位双向数据线。第15脚：背光源正极。第16脚：背光源负极。 5、蜂鸣器电路模块本实验设计中蜂鸣器用CS8050三极管驱动，蜂鸣器用5V的无源蜂鸣器，并接一个发光二极管作为指示灯，同时在负极串接一个限流电阻，数据端口接P37. 四、 Proteus仿真原理总框图：五、 硬件电路实现： 六、 源程序：Shuzizhong.c#include <reg51.h>#include"ds18b20.h"#define uchar unsigned char #define uint unsigned intuchar shi,fen,miao,ringshi,ringfen,nian,yue,ri,week,temp,count,m;sbit rs=P22;sbit rw=P23;sbit en=P24;sbit key1=P34; /设置键sbit key2=P35; /加键sbit key3=P36;sbit key4=P37;sbit IO=P11;/ DS1302数据线sbit SCLK=P12;/DS1302时钟线sbit RST=P10; /DS1302复位线sbit beep=P14;sbit ACC0=ACC0;sbit ACC7=ACC7;uchar codetable="20 - - "uchar codetable1=" : : "uchar codetone=212,212,190,212,159,169,212,212,190,212,142,159,212,212,106,126,159,169,190,119,119,126,159,142,159,0;uchar codelon=9,3,12,12,12,24,9,3,12,12,12,24,9,3,12,12,12,12,12,9,3,12,12,12,24,0; void delay(uint z) uint x,y; for(x=z;x>0;x-) for(y=120;y>0;y-);void yinyue()uint i,j,k=0,l;for(l=0;l<26;l+) for(i=0;i<codelonk*20;i+) if(key4=0)beep=0;break;beep=beep;for(j=0;j<codetonek/3;j+);delay(10); k+; void write_LCD_com(uchar com)rs=0; rw=0; P0=com; delay(5); en=1; delay(5); en=0; void write_LCD_da(uchar data1)rs=1; rw=0; P0=data1; delay(5); en=1; delay(5); en=0; void Init_LCD()uchar num; write_LCD_com(0x38); delay(1); write_LCD_com(0x01); delay(1); write_LCD_com(0x06); delay(1); write_LCD_com(0x0c); delay(1); write_LCD_com(0x80); for(num=0;num<10;num+) write_LCD_da(codetablenum); delay(1); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40); for(num=0;num<8;num+) write_LCD_da(codetable1num); delay(1);void write_LCDsfm(uchar add,uchar date)uchar ge,shi; shi=date/10; ge=date%10; write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+add); write_LCD_da(0x30+shi); write_LCD_da(0x30+ge); void write_LCDnyr(uchar add,uchar date)uchar ge,shi; shi=date/10; ge=date%10; write_LCD_com(0x80+add);write_LCD_da(0x30+shi); write_LCD_da(0x30+ge);void write_LCDweek(uchar week) write_LCD_com(0x80+0x0b); switch(week) case 1:write_LCD_da('M'); write_LCD_da('O'); write_LCD_da('N'); break; case 2:write_LCD_da('T'); write_LCD_da('U'); write_LCD_da('E'); break; case 3:write_LCD_da('W'); write_LCD_da('E'); write_LCD_da('D'); break; case 4:write_LCD_da('T'); write_LCD_da('H'); write_LCD_da('U'); break; case 5:write_LCD_da('F'); write_LCD_da('R'); write_LCD_da('I'); break; case 6:write_LCD_da('S'); write_LCD_da('T'); write_LCD_da('A'); break; case 7:write_LCD_da('S'); write_LCD_da('U'); write_LCD_da('N'); break;void write_LCD_Temperature(uchar add,uchar date) uchar ge,shi; shi=date/10; ge=date%10; write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+add); write_LCD_da(0x30+shi); write_LCD_da(0x30+ge); write_LCD_da(0xdf); write_LCD_da(0x43); void DS1302_write_byte(uchar a) uchar i; ACC=a;RST=1;for(i=8;i>0;i-) IO=ACC0;SCLK=0;SCLK=1;ACC=ACC>>1; uchar DS1302_read_byte()uchar j; RST=1;for(j=8;j>0;j-) ACC7=IO;SCLK=1;SCLK=0;ACC=ACC>>1; return(ACC); void DS1302_write_date(uchar addr,uchar dat)/写数据RST=0; SCLK=0; RST=1; DS1302_write_byte(addr); DS1302_write_byte(dat); SCLK=1; RST=0; uchar DS1302_read_date(uchar addr)uchar dat1,b; RST=0; SCLK=0; RST=1; DS1302_write_byte(addr); dat1=DS1302_read_byte(); SCLK=1; RST=0; b=dat1/16*10+dat1%16; return(b);void DS1302_Init()SCLK=0; RST=0; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); void keyscan() if(key1=0) if(key1=0) while(!key1); count+; if(count=11) count=1; switch(count) case 1:TR0=0; write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0f); write_LCD_da('M'); m=miao/10*16+miao%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x80,0x80|m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); break; case 2:write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0f); write_LCD_da('F'); break; case 3:write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0f); write_LCD_da('S'); break; case 4:write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0f); write_LCD_da('W'); break; case 5:write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0f)； write_LCD_da('R'); break; case 6:write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0f); write_LCD_da('Y'); break; case 7:write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0f); write_LCD_da('N'); break; case 8:write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0e); write_LCD_da('R'); delay(3); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0f); write_LCD_da('F'); delay(3); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x04); break; case 9:write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0e)； write_LCD_da('R'); delay(3); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0f); write_LCD_da('S'); delay(3); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x01); break; case 10:write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0e); write_LCD_da('0'); delay(3); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x0f); write_LCD_da('0'); delay(3); delay(3); write_LCD_com(0x0c); TR0=1; m=(miao)/10*16+(miao)%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x80,0x00|m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); break; if(count!=0)if(key2=0)delay(10); if(key2=0) while(!key2); switch (count) case 1:miao+; if(miao=60) miao=0; write_LCDsfm(0x06,miao); m=miao/10*16+miao%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x80,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x07); break; case 2:fen+; if(fen=60) fen=0; write_LCDsfm(0x03,fen); m=fen/10*16+fen%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x82,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x04); break; case 3:shi+; if(shi=24) shi=0; write_LCDsfm(0x00,shi); m=shi/10*16+shi%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x84,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x01); break;case 4:week+; if(week=8) week=0; write_LCDweek(week); m=week/10*16+week%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x8a,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x0d); break;case 5:ri+; if(ri=32) ri=0; write_LCDnyr(0x08,ri); m=ri/10*16+ri%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x86,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x09); break; case 6:yue+; if(yue=13) yue=1; write_LCDnyr(0x05,yue); m=yue/10*16+yue%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x88,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x06); break; case 7:nian+; if(nian=51) nian=0; write_LCDnyr(0x02,nian); m=nian/10*16+nian%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x8c,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x03); break; case 8:ringfen+; if(ringfen=60) ringfen=0; write_LCDsfm(0x03,ringfen); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x04); break; case 9:ringshi+; if(ringshi=24) ringshi=0; write_LCDsfm(0x00,ringshi); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x01); break; if(key3=0) delay(10); if(key3=0) while(!key3); switch (count) case 1:miao-; if(miao=-1) miao=59; write_LCDsfm(0x06,miao); m=miao/10*16+miao%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x80,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x07); break; case 2:fen-; if(fen=-1) fen=59; write_LCDsfm(0x03,fen); m=fen/10*16+fen%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x82,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x04); break; case 3:shi-; if(shi=-1) shi=23; write_LCDsfm(0x00,shi); m=shi/10*16+shi%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x84,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x01); break;case 4:week-; if(week=0) week=7; write_LCDweek(week); m=week/10*16+week%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x8a,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x0d); break;case 5:ri-; if(ri=0) ri=31; write_LCDnyr(0x08,ri); m=ri/10*16+ri%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x86,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x09); break; case 6:yue-; if(yue=0) yue=12; write_LCDnyr(0x05,yue); m=yue/10*16+yue%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x88,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x06); break; case 7:nian-; if(nian=-1) nian=50; write_LCDnyr(0x02,nian); m=nian/10*16+nian%10; DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x00); DS1302_write_date(0x8c,m); DS1302_write_date(0x8e,0x80); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x03); break; case 8:ringfen-; if(ringfen=-1) ringfen=59; write_LCDsfm(0x03,ringfen); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x04); break; case 9:ringshi-; if(ringshi=-1) ringshi=23; write_LCDsfm(0x00,ringshi); write_LCD_com(0x80+0x40+0x01); break;void set_dingshiqi()TMOD=0x01; TH0=64536/256; TL0=64536%256; EA=1; ET0=1; TR0=1; void gettime() beep=0; temp=Read_Temperature(); miao=DS1302_read_date(0x81); fen=DS1302_read_date(0x83); shi=DS1302_read_date(0x85); week=DS1302_read_date(0x8b); ri=DS1302_read_date(0x87); yue=DS1302_read_date(0x89); nian=DS1302_read_date(0x8d); write_LCDsfm(0x00,shi); write_LCDsfm(0x03,fen); write_LCDsfm(0x06,miao); if(miao=0&&fen=0&&shi>8&&shi<21) yinyue(); if(fen=ringfen&&shi=ringshi) yinyue();if(key4=0)ringshi=0;ringfen=0; write_LCDweek(week); write_LCDnyr(0x08,ri); write_LCDnyr(0x05,yue); write_LCDnyr(0x02,nian); write_LCD_Temperature(0x09,temp); void main() Init_LCD(); DS1302_Init(); set_dingshiqi(); while(1) keyscan(); void timer0() interrupt 1 TH0=64536/256; TL0=64536%256; gettime(); keyscan( );Ds18b20.hsbit DQ=P17;/unsigned char wendu; /unsigned char tempbuf3; void delay0(unsigned char z) while(z-); void init_ds18b20() unsigned char x=0; DQ=1; /DQ复位 delay0(8); DQ=0; /单片机将DQ拉低 delay0(80); /延时480us960us DQ=1; /拉高总线 delay0(14); /等待15us60u。 x=DQ; delay0(80); /低电平至少要持续60240us void write_onechar(unsigned char dat) unsigned char i=0; for(i=0;i<8;i+) DQ=0; DQ=dat&0x01; delay0(15); DQ=1; dat=dat>>=1; delay0(5); unsigned char read_onechar() unsigned char i=0;unsigned char dat=0; for(i=0;i<8;i+) DQ=0; dat>>=1; DQ=1; if(DQ) dat|=0x80;
