(国考)同等学力英语—基础写作.ppt

词性,第1页，共57页。,n.pron.v.adj.adv.prep.a.,第2页，共57页。,1.名词,可数名词：C不可数名词:U,单复数变化,第3页，共57页。,可数名词单复数变形,单数名词词尾直接加-s。boy boys,pen pens。以s、x、ch、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。glass glasses,box boxes,watch watches,brush brushes。以“辅音字母+y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。baby babies,lady ladies,fly flies。,第4页，共57页。,以“o”结尾的多数加-es。tomato tomatoes,potato potatoes,hero heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。radio radios,zoo zoos,photo photos以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es。wife wives,life lives,knife knives,wolf wolves,self selves,leaf leaves改变元音字母man men,mouse mice,foot feet,woman women,tooth teeth,ox oxen,第5页，共57页。,sentence correctionEmployee can get more benefits from telecommuting than employer.Conflicts may arise between tourist and local resident.Community service offer wrongdoer chance correct their misconduct and start new life.,第6页，共57页。,2.名词的所有格“的”,（1）+s 有生命事物“的”Toms kite,the presidents report 用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后todays newspaper,five minutes walk,five pounds weight,ten dollars worth of coffee。用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。the earths planet,the words population,Chinas industry,New Yorks parks,第7页，共57页。,（2）of 表示无生命事物“的”the development of society,the advent of the Internet,the seriousness of desertification,第8页，共57页。,名词与代词的转化,第9页，共57页。,使用注意：1.性数一致2.紧跟名词Some people do not obey traffic rules himself.To err is human.No matter how eminent one is,he will make mistakes.,第10页，共57页。,动词,第11页，共57页。,1.主谓一致,1.The teacher,with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class,_ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A was B were C had been D would be2.She has set a new record,that is,the sales of her latest book _ 50 million.Ahave reached Bhas reachedCare reachingDhad reached,第12页，共57页。,3.All the employees except the manager_to work online at home.A.encourages B.encourage C.is encouraged D.are encouraged4.No one in the department but Tom and I _ that the director is going to resign.A.knows B.know C.have known D.am to know,第13页，共57页。,2.动词的时态,present,past,future,第14页，共57页。,现在时,1）一般现在时构成：-s/es/其他I/we/you/they work He/she/it works标志词：often,usually,always,sometimes,seldom,never,everyday，onceaweek，yearly，monthly经常性动作或状态;Weoftenwritetoeachother.Fatheralwaysreadsnewspaperafter breakfast.讲述事实或普遍真理;Lightgoesfasterthansound.Thesunrisesintheeast.,第15页，共57页。,zz,2）现在进行时构成：be+doingI am working he/she/it is working we/you/they are working标志词：now,at present,at this time,today,this week,this year,at the moment,现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或状态Itsfouroclockintheafternoon.Thechildrenareplayingfootballonthesportsground.Weareworkinginafactorythesedays.在口语中表示主语计划将要作的动作。TheyareleavingforNewYorktomorrow.Isyourbrotherdepartingsoon?表达说话这个人情感 always,forever,all the timeHe is always complaining.,第16页，共57页。,3）现在完成时构成：have/has doneI/we/you/they have worked He/she/it has worked标志词：since,for,recently,yet,ever,already,up to now,so far,until now表示某个已经发生且对现在造成影响或结果的动作，这种情况常不与任何时间状语连用。ImsorryIhavelostmykey.Icantopenthedoor.Shehasleft.Ifyouwanttoseeher,youllhavetocometomorrow.动作与过去发生，持续到现在的动作，可能将继续发生“到目前为止”这种情况常与表示一段的时间状语连用。WehavelivedheresincelastOctober.ShehasstudiedEnglishfor5years.,第17页，共57页。,4）现在完成进行时构成：have/has been doingI/we/you/they havebeen working He/she/it has been working标志词：all this morning,all.,for表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.,第18页，共57页。,过去时,1）一般过去时构成：ed/不规则变化I/we/you/they worked He/she/it worked 标志词：yesterday,last night,at that time,just now,a few days ago,then,lastyear,in1999,twodaysago过去的动作或状态Shesuddenlyfellillyesterday.Wedidnthaveclasseslastweek.,第19页，共57页。,2）过去进行时构成：was/were doingI/he/she/it was working we/you/they were working标志词：at a certain time yesterday过去某时刻正在进行的动作AtthattimeshewasworkinginOxford.过去某段时间内持续的动作HewasstudyinginCambridgebetween1999and2001.过去将来的动作 come,go,leave,depart,start He didnt know whether she was coming.,第20页，共57页。,3）过去完成时构成：had doneI/we/you/they had worked He/she/it had worked过去某时间之前发生的动作，“过去的过去”常与 when，before,after 等连词引导的时间状语从句连用。WhenIwokeupithadalreadystoppedraining.IhadntlearnedanyEnglishbeforeIcamehere.,第21页，共57页。,4）过去完成进行时构成：had been doingI/he/she/you/we/they had been working过去的过去发生的动作持续到过去某时The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before it was answered.,第22页，共57页。,将来时1）一般将来时构成：shall/will doI/we shall work he/she/it/you/they will work 标志词：tomorrow，nextyear，fromnowon，inamonth，inthefuture,today，thisevening，thisweek,thismonth，thisyear将来时间的动作或状态PerhapsIshall(will)payavisittoFrancethiswinter.,第23页，共57页。,一般将来时其他表现形式1）“begoingto+do”多用于口语中，表示打算、将要发生的事。WearegoingtovisittheSummerPalacenextweek.Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.2）“be+to do”表示安排或计划好了的动作。ThequeenistovisitJapannextyear.3）“beabout+不定式”表示即将发生的动作。注意：beaboutto一般不与时间状语连用。Heisabouttoretire.,第24页，共57页。,2）将来进行时构成：will/shall be doing I/we shall beworking he/she/it/you/they will be working表示人们确信某事肯定会发生。WhenIarriveattheairport,mywholefamilywillbewaitingforme.表示预测或希望某事会发生。WhenIgethome,mywifewillprobablybewatchingTV.,第25页，共57页。,3）将来完成时构成：will/shall have doneI/we shall have workedHe/she/it/you/they will have done预期将来某时间“已完成”I shall have finished reading the book by the end of this week.,第26页，共57页。,4）将来完成进行时构成：will/shall have been doingI/we shall have been workingHe/she/it/you/they will have been working预期将来某时间一直在做某事He will have been spending holiday in HK in September.,第27页，共57页。,3.动词的被动语态,Heanswersthequestionsinpublic.Thequestionswereansweredinpublic,第28页，共57页。,Sentence CorrectionWork at home using modern technology can greatly enhance our efficiency.The problems that are created by environmental contamination is very hard to resolve.Many students are like studying home economics.Today,cultures around the world were becoming increasingly similar.Children who are raise in impoverished families can generally deal with problems more efficiently in their adult years.,第29页，共57页。,形容词与副词,第30页，共57页。,作用,1.形容词：修饰名词the interesting movie;the harsh condition;the mild environment2.副词：修饰动词、形容词或句子He escaped immediately after the accident.People tend to choose the environmentally friendly products recently.Generally,complicated machines are easier to break down.,第31页，共57页。,adj./adv.等级,as as 结构1.John is the tallest boy in the class,_ according to himself.A.five foot eight as tall as B.as tall as five foot eight C.as five foot eight tall as D.as tall five foot eight as 2.What a table!Ive never seen such a thing before.It is _ it is long.Ahalf not as wide asBwide not as half as Cnot half as wide asDas wide as not half,第32页，共57页。,比较级与最高级,1.比较级形式：-er than more+adj./adv.than1）The number of people present at the concert was _ than expected.There were many tickets left.Amuch smallerBmuch more Cmuch largerDmany more2）How did you find your visit to the museum?I thoroughly enjoyed itIt was than I expected Afar more interesting Beven much interesting Cso more interesting Da lot much interesting,第33页，共57页。,2.最高级adj./adv.+-est+of/among-the most+adj./adv.+of/among1）David has won the first prize in singing;he is still very excited now and feels_ desire to go to bed.A.the most B.more C.worse D.the least 2）Greenland,_ island in the world,covers over two million square kilometers.A.it is the largestB.that is the largest C.is the largestD.the largest,第34页，共57页。,3.the+比较级，the+比较级越就越The harder you work，the greater progress youll make.The more complicated the system is,the more chance it will have to break down.,第35页，共57页。,句子基础,第36页，共57页。,基本句子结构简单句,Pattern 1Many serious social problems arise as a result of the widespread use of Internet.Juvenile delinquency has risen dramatically in recent years.S+Vi,第37页，共57页。,基本句子结构简单句,Pattern 2The installation of cameras in public places deters would-be criminals.The government should constitute more rigid laws and regulations to curb the soaring crime rate.S+Vt+O,第38页，共57页。,基本句子结构简单句,Pattern 3Poverty is one of the reasons for youngsters to skip school and commit crimes.The violent scenes on the screen is,to some extent,responsible for a perceivable increase in real violence.S+Vl+P,第39页，共57页。,基本句子结构简单句,Pattern 4Violent and pornographic scenes on mass media present children a bad example.We should ask ourselves what the most important thing in our lives is.S+Vt+Oi+Od=S+Vt+Od+prep.+Oi,第40页，共57页。,基本句子结构简单句,Pattern 5Childrens inexperience and immaturity make them vulnerable to crimes.We consider greed the source of evils.S+Vt+O+Oc,第41页，共57页。,句子成分,第42页，共57页。,句子成分-主语,All doctors and nurses should get vaccinated against the H1N1 flu.Smoking is a personal choice rather than a moral issue.Being physically active can reduce stress levels and lower blood pressure.It is hard to reach a consensus on this affair.It is well documented that high school students tend to gain weight and suffer from many stress-related illnesses because of the strong pressure on them.形式：名词（短语），代词，数词，动名词，不定式，主从,第43页，共57页。,句子成分-谓语,In this day and age,an increasing number of people agree that gambling is an unwholesome hobby.Life has been filled with challenges and we always need to prepare ourselves on various fronts.形式：动词,第44页，共57页。,句子成分-宾语、表语,Junk food undermines peoples health.Studies reveal that there is a definite link between obesity and serious disease such as heart attacks.What we should do is to tell children how to think instead of how to memorize things.What we are concerned about is that to what extent tests are harmful to students creativity.形式：名词（短语），代词，数词，动名词，不定式，主从,第45页，共57页。,句子成分-定语,In recent years,the Internet has been gaining popularity at an amazing rate.Those who have spent some time traveling to other places,have a broader view of life.形式：形容词，介词短语，定语从句,第46页，共57页。,句子成分-状语,Outdoor activities can greatly improve our health.Like self-awareness,self-criticism is also hard to achieve.We should take steps to conserve endangered animals before it is too late.Some people wallow in pets to the extent that they neglect the emotional needs of their family members.Though man is the dominant species on the planet,other species enjoy the same right to survive.形式：副词，介词短语，状语从句,第47页，共57页。,句子成分-补语,The graduate find the job market frustrating because of the economic recession.Some individuals are concerned the Internet will render international tourism obsolete.People with allergies are super-sensitive to things that most people find harmless,including pollen from plants,dust,and food.形式：名词，形容词，不定式，动名词,第48页，共57页。,句子成分-同位语,Shopping,a necessary part of daily life,is increasingly time-consuming due to the multiple options available to consumers.The idea that traditional clothes look out-of-date has occurred to a great number of people.There is an increasing recognition that learning can take place outside the classroom and is a lifelong experience.形式：名词（短语），同位语从句，代词,第49页，共57页。,第50页，共57页。,第51页，共57页。,第52页，共57页。,并列句,结构：简单句 并列连词conj.简单句,第53页，共57页。,并列句,1.顺承：and,not onlybut also,neithernorLaw is not only to punish the wrongdoers but also it is to regulate and supervise ones behavior.2.选择：or,otherwise,Heavy penalties should be imposed on traffic violators,or they may not abide by the traffic laws.,第54页，共57页。,并列句,3.转折：butSome kids are good in nature but they go astray under the negative influence of their friends.4.因果：so,forPeople who are incurably ill often feel painful and hopeless,so they choose euthanasia as a way to die with dignity.5);In many countries,minors can have access to pornographic materials;providing children with moral guidance is the best solution.,第55页，共57页。,复杂句（主从复合句）,Young people who abuse their aged parents should be condemned.It is generally accepted that the Chinese civilization is one of the oldest in the world.Some researchers insist that despite the fact that museums and galleries may not create commercial benefits,they do enrich our spiritual lives and civilize our society.,第56页，共57页。,复杂句（主从复合句）,The reason why the government should fund artists and drama companies is that their works greatly enhance the quality of life.Finally,we have come to the conclusion that there is no point in spending large amounts of taxpayers money on cultural protection.As the natural environment shrinks in the face of human explosion,wild animals are left homeless.,第57页，共57页。,