全国职称英语等级考试理工B级考前密押卷【密】.doc

2012年全国职称英语等级考试理工B级考前密押卷【密】第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1The nursery is bright and cheerful.ApleasantBcleanCpeacefulDlarge2This kind of material was seldom used in building houses during the Middle Ages.AneverBrarelyCoftenDonly3People from many places were drawn to the city by its growing economy.AfetchedBcarriedCattractedDpushed4The soldier displayed remarkable courage in the battle.AplacedBshowedCpointedDdecided5How do you account for your absence from the class last Thursday?AexplainBexamineCchooseDexpand6Almost all economists agree that nations gain by trading with one another.AworkBprofitCrelyDprove7The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links.AdeniedBinvestigatedCstressedDcreated8The chemical is deadly to rats but safe to cattle.AfatalBhatefulCgoodDuseful9During his lifetime he was able to accumulate quite a fortune.AcontrolBspendCcollectD exchange10Its impolite to cut in when two persons are holding a conversation.AleaveBtalk loudlyCstand upD interrupt11The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.Apull out BrepairCtakeDdig12The childs abnormal behavior puzzled the doctor.AfunnyBfrighteningCrepeatedDunusual13Gunpowder was used extensively in firearms prior to 1990.AinBaroundCfromDbefore14Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberately controlled and modified.AsufficientlyBnoticeablyCintentionally D absolutely15Foreign money can be converted into the local currency at this bank.AalteredBchangedCboughtDsold第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。NorwichNorwich, the capital of the part of Britain known as East Anglia, has been in existence for more than two thousand years. It began as a small village beside the River Wensum. At the time of the Norman invasion in 1066 it had grown to become one of the largest towns in England.With two cathedrals and a mosque(清真寺), Norwich has long been a popular center for various religions. The first cathedral was built in 1095 and has recently celebrated its 900th anniversary, while Norwich itself had a year of celebration in 1994to mark the 800th anniversary of the city receiving a Royal Charter. This allowed it to be called a city and to govern itself independently.Today, in comparison with places like London or Manchester, Norwich is quite small, with a population of around 150,000, but in the 16th century Norwich was the second largest city of England. It continued to grow for the next 300 years and got richer and richer, becoming famous for having as many churches as there are weeks in the year and as many pubs as there are days in the year.Nowadays, there are far fewer churches and pubs, but in 1964 the University of East Anglia was built in Norwich. With its fast-growing student population and its success as a modern commercial center (Norwich is the biggest center for insurance services outside London), the city now has a wide choice of entertainment: theatres, cinemas, nightclubs, busy cafes, excellent restaurants, and a number of arts and leisure centers. There is also a football team, whose colours are green and yellow. The team is known as “The Canaries (金丝雀)”, though nobody can be sure why.Now the citys attractions include another important development, a modern shopping center called The Castle Mall. The people of Norwich lived with a very large hole in the middle of their city for over two years, as builders dug up the main car park. Lorries moved nearly a million tons of earth so that the roof of the Mall could become a city center park, with attractive water pools and hundreds of trees. But the local people are really pleased that the old open market remains, right in the heart of the city and next to the new development. Both areas continue to do good business, proving that Norwich has managed to mix the best of the old and the new.16The River Wensum flows by Norwich.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned17People have lived by the River Wensum for at least 2,000 years.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned18Norwich has been a city since its first cathedral was built.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned19Norwich has always been one of the smallest English cities.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned20The number of foreign students in Norwich has been increasing since 1964.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned21The football team is called “The Canaries” because of the colours the players wear.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned22It took more than two years to build “The Castle Mall”.ARightBWrongCNot mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，共8分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Messages from the Media1The weather forecast, a story about the candidates in an election, and movie reviews are examples of messages from the media. A communication medium, of which the plural (复数的) from is media, is a means of communicating a message. Examples of media are television, radio, newspapers and books and the telephone. The media that can reach many people at once are called mass media.2It is not difficult to think of other messages we receive through the mass media. Every day we get hundreds of them. Think about advertisements, for example. We see and hear these messages almost everywhere we go. Advertisements are important messages, even though they are sometimes annoying. They help us compare and evaluate products.3Most of us get more information from the media than from the classroom. Think for a moment, about how you learn about local news and events. Do you depend on other people or the media? What about international news? What is the most important source of information for you? People who are asked this question usually answer, “Television”.4Think of all the messages you received today. Perhaps you read a newspaper during breakfast, or maybe you read advertisements on billboards (露天广告牌) on your way to school. Did you listen to a weather forecast or the sports news on the radio this morning? Right now you are getting information through a very important medium of mass communication a book.5We use the information we get from radio, television, newspapers, and other media to make decisions and from opinions. That is why the mass media are so important. Editorials and articles in newspapers help us decide how to vote, consumer reports on television help up decide how to spend our money, and international news on the radio makes us think and form opinions about questions of war and peace.23Paragraph 2（ ）24Paragraph 3（ ）25Paragraph 4（ ）26Paragraph 5（ ）AImportance of Classroom LearningBTelevision A Rich Source of informationCAdvertisements as important Messages from the Mass MediaDVarious Messages One May Receive Each DayEMedia Means to Communicate MessagesFImportance of the Mass Media27Each day we get a lot of messages from（ ）28Television, radio and books are all important media of（ ）29For most people television is the most important（ ）30The mass media are important to us because they shape（ ）Asports newsBour decisions and opinionsCmass communicationDour messagesEsource of informationFthe mass media第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面第3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇Turning Night into DayComputers may one day turn night into day with good old, natural sunlight.Giant computer-controlled mirrors may one day move around the earth, reflecting sunlight onto a darkened United States.Two scientists from NASA say that 16 of these mirrors, each about a half mile wide, could reflect the suns light would equal about 56 moons.The mirrors would be so high that they could catch the suns light as the sun was shining on the other side of the earth. The mirrors would orbit(环绕轨道运行) thousands of miles high at the same speed as the earth spins. That way, the mirrors would always be over the same spot.The computer-controlled mirrors could also be made to tilt(倾斜) slowly, so the reflected sunlight would sweep slowly along the surface of the earth. For example, as night fell, the mirrors could be tilted to light up Boston. Later on, as darkness moved slowly westward, Chicago, for example, then San Francisco could be lit up. The reflected sunlight would allow these cities to save electricity. And in emergencies, such as power-failures or disasters, the mirrors could light up the affected area.However, scientists do not know what effect this man-made daytime would have on plants, animals, and humans. Would it confuse some animals and harm plants that are used to regular day-night cycles? Dr. Allen and Dr. Canady suggest that studies be done to find out what bad effects there might be.31This passage is mainly aboutAthe effect of the suns light on living things.Bthe study of day-night cycles.Cmirror-shaped satellites.Dcomputer-controlled mirrors in space.32Computer-controlled mirrors would be usedAto receive and send TV signals.Bto catch sunlight for electricity production.Cto reflect heat onto one area of the earth.Dto reflect sunlight onto a darkened area of the earth.33The mirrors would always be over the same place of the earth becauseAthey would orbit at the same speed as the earth spins.Bthey would be solar-powered.Cthey would stay high in space.Dthey would not move.34The mirrors were placed very high in space so that they couldAcover the dark side of the moon.Bcatch sunlight and reflect it onto the earth.Creflect moonlight onto the earth.Dbe seen by people everywhere.35The last paragraph shows that the effects of the mirrors on living things areAobvious.Buncertain.Cunimportant.Dpositive.第二篇Red for DangerOn 5 October 1999, a local train in west London went through a red light and ran into another one. As a result, more than 30 people died. This kind of error cant be made in Spain or in Sweden. Nor can the French high-speed-train, the TGV, go through a red light. All these trains are protected by automatic train protection (ATP), which stops trains if they pass through a red light.In the end we may never know why the driver, who died in the accident, went through the red light. But the evidence points to a system failure. Eight other drivers had been through the same red light in recent years.Humans make errors. Technology is less likely to fail concerning many repetitive(重复性的) tasks. And we can find in the statistics for railway accidents. Britains accident rate is 0.36 deaths for every billion kilometers that passengers travel on the railways. The Swedish accident rate is only 40 per cent of this while the Spanish accident rate is only a quarter of the British rate. If both the trains in last weeks crash had ATP, we would not now be asking such searching questions about why one caught fire.The years ago, an inquiry into another London train crash showed that it was necessary to install ATP on British railways. The government did not accept the idea, fearing that the 1 billion cost would make the railways difficult to privatize (私有化).This week, the government said ATP would be now installed on all major routes running express trains but not on all the network. It is too late. Lets hope it is not too little.36Which of the following is true of the accident on 5 October?AMore than 30 people were killed in it.BThe driver survived the crash.CSimilar accidents often occur in Spain and Sweden.DThere was something wrong with the traffic lights.37According to the passage, which of the following is true of ATP？AIt can stop trains if they pass through a red light.BIt has been installed on all French trains.CIt fails when a train passes through a red light.DIt is useless for high-speed trains.38According to the passage, which country has the highest train accident rate?AFrance.BSweden.CSpain.DBritain.39Ten years ago, the British government did not agree to install ATP on its railways mainly becauseAthe system was not reliable.Btrain drivers did not like it.Cthey wanted to privatize the railways.Dthey could not afford to install it.40After the October accident, the British government decided toApay 1 billion to the families of the victims.Binstall ATP on all major routes running express trains.Cbuy ATP from France.Dstop using express trains.第三篇 TransportationFor many years in the desert, camels were the only form of transportation. Before the age of modern trains, camels were used to carry all the goods for trading between Central Africa and Europe. Traders sometimes put together 10,000 to 15,000 animals. Each animal often used to carry as much as 400 pounds and it could travel twenty miles a day. This form of transportation used to be so important that camels were called “ships of the desert”.Now modern trains travel across the desert in a very short time. One engine can pull as much weight as 135,000 camels. In addition, trains use special cars(车厢) for their load. Refrigerator cars carry food; boxcars (棚车) carry heavy goods; stock cars carry animals; and tank cars carry oil.Air travel is also a modern means of transportation, but it has changed since the early twentieth century. The earliest planes were biplanes (双翼飞机), with two sets of wings. The top speed of this plane was 60 miles per hour. The pilots sat or lay on the wings in the open air. The plane engines sometimes stopped in the middle of a trip. It used to be impossible to fly in bad weather. In snow or in rain, the wings frequently became icy. Then the plane might go down.Mechanical improvements during the First World War changed airplanes. Monoplanes (单翼飞机) took the place of biplanes. Pilots flew inside of covered cabins. Still, even these planes were small. Only rich people used to be able to travel in airplanes.Now modern jets make air travel possible for all people. No place in the world is more than 24 hours away by jet. Further improvements have lowered the cost of flying, and they have made air travel much safer than it used to be. People never used to eat, sleep, or watch movies on airplanes. Now these things are a usual part of air travel.41According to the passage,