人教版初一英语知识点归纳总结.doc

-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1人教版初一英语知识点归纳总结人教版初一上册英语知识点归纳总结一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写要熟练掌握元音和辅音，5个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正确占格及单词间距。二、be动词的用法be动词有三种变形，分别是：am, is, are。记忆口诀："我"用am, "你"用are, is用于"他、她、它"单数全都用is，复数全部都用are。三、人称及人称代词的不同形式(主格和宾格)1、三种人称：第一人称(I, we)，第二人称(you, you)，第三人称(he, she, it, Maria)。2、人称代词的主格，即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态：I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。3、人称代词的宾格，即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态：me, us, you, you, him, her, it。4、形容词性物主代词：my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。5、名词性物主代词：mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。6、反身代词：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。四、基数词(表示数量多少的词，大致相当于代数里的自然数)zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句1、一般疑问句：能用Yes或No来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。2、特殊疑问句：不能用Yes或No来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。六、可数名词变复数可数名词变复数时，有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1、规则变化：(1)一般情况直接在词尾加"-s "，如：cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;(2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词，要在词尾加"-es "，如：bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i再加"-es "，如：baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;(4)部分以f (e)结尾的词，变f (e)为"ves "，如：knife-knives, half-halves等;(5)以o结尾的词，加"-s "或"-es "，如：zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀：除了"英雄"hero外，凡是能吃的，加"-es "，不能吃的加"-s "。2、不规则变化：(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;(2)单、复同形：sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;(3)其他形式：mouse-mice, child-children等。七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则最基本构成：主语+谓语+宾语，其中谓语由动词来充当。主谓一致原则，就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数(简称"三单")时，谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式;当主语非"三单"时，谓语动词就用原形。实意动词变"三单"的规则如下：(1)一般动词在词尾加"-s "，如：like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;(2)以字母s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加"-es "，如：guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;(3)以o结尾的动词一般加"-es "，如：do-does, go-goes等;(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加"-而是"，如：fly-flies, carry-carries等;(5)have的三单形式是has。八、冠词的用法(名词前面必须要有冠词)冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a, an)两种。1、定冠词the表示"特指"，可译为"这个"、"那个"、"这些"、"那些"。2、不定冠词a, an用来表明(可数)名词的数量是"一个"。an用于以元音开头(注意不是以元音字母开头)的单词前，a则英语非元音开头的单词前。3、不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是：不定冠词不是刻意强调"数量"，而基数词则强调"数量"。九、助动词(do, does )的用法只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例：(1)当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词，只涉及"主谓一致"原则。eg : I like English a lot.Michael likes Chinese food very much.(2)当句子为否定句时，要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词：当主语为"三单"时，要使用does;当主语为"非三单"时，用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子变否定句：Kangkang likes doesn't like math.They like don't like sports.(3)当句子变疑问句时，同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句：Michael likes Chinese Michael like Chinese food Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.Jane and Helen like Jand and Helen like music Yes, they do./ No, they don't.十、名词所有格1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;2、用of表示".的"，但要从of后往of前翻译：a book of mine(我的一本书)3、have与of的区别：have一般表示"主动拥有"，往往用于有生命的人或动物;无生命的物体一般不能"主动拥有"，表示所属关系时要用of。例如：I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.a door of the house十一、初一英语上册知识点之课本中的知识点1、Unit 1 -Unit 2(1)问候语：Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.How are you-Just OK, thank you. How are you-Not bad, thanks.Hi! Hello!How do you do?(2)道别用语：Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次见面，see用于熟人间)Nice to meet/ see you, too.Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!(3)介绍人或者物的句型：This is.(4)Excuse me.与I'm sorry.的区别：Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意，而I'm sorry.则是向对方道歉。(5)词组be from = come from(6)当问句中问到this/ that时，回答要用it;问到these/ those时，要用they来回答。 例如： What's this in English-It's an eraser.What are those-They are books.(7)对Thanks.的回答：That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.(8)look the same = have the same looksgive sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.be like = look likein the tree/ on the tree (树上结的、长出来的用on，否则用in)in red(穿着红色的衣服)in the desk(在空间范围之内)in English(用英语)help sb. do sth.(9)both与all的区别：both表示"两者都."all表示"三者及以上都."。2、Unit 3-Unit 4(1)speak的用法speak与say不同：speak表示"说"的动作，不表示"说"的内容;say则表示"说"的内容。speak后面除了能接"语言"外，不能直接接东西，后面加了to则表示"对.说"。help sb. with sth.(帮助某人做/补习.)want to do sth.(想要做某事)would like to do sth.not.at all(一点都不);Not at all.(没关系/别介意)like.a lot = like.very much(2)some和any的区别：口诀：some用于肯定句，否定、疑问变any。例如：I have some money.I don't have any money.Do you have any money?(3)have a seat = take a seat(请随便坐)(4)祈使句(表示命令或请求的句子)祈使句一般都省略了主语You，所以其否定句直接用Don't开头。例如：Don't go there!(5)问职业：What does sb. do?What is sb.What's sb.'s job?(6)work与job的区别：work是未必有报酬的"工作"，例如homework, housework;而job则一定是有报酬的"工作"。(7)on指在物体的表面，不论这个面是否水平的，例如：on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground(8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在医院里)look after(照料/照顾/照看)help oneself(请自便/随便吃)(9)表示"建议"的句型："做某事如何"What about (doing) sth. (英式英语)How about (doing) sth. (美式英语)Why don't you do sth. = Why not do sth.(10)"吃"一日三餐要用have：have breakfast/ lunch/ supperhave.for breakfast/ lunch/ suppertake one's orderbe kind to sb.(11)try on这个词组可合可分：名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面，但代词只能放在词组的中间。(12)在口语中往往用take表示"买"。(13)how many与how much的区别：how many + 可数名词;how much + 不可数名词(14)What do you think of. 是询问对方对某事物的看法;How do you like. 是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度。think about(考虑)Thank you all the same. (即使对方没能帮上忙，也要礼貌道谢)Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作为动词，不能单独使用。)(15)one与it的区别：当上下文说的是同一种类事物时，任意一个可以用one来代替;如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。例如：Ann ：I have a yellow bag.Jane ：I have a green one.Tom ： Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?Mike ： Look, it's over there.(16)倒装句Here you are.Here it is.(17)be free (有空/免费)forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)forget doing sth.(忘了做过某事)What's up = What's wrong with. = What's the matter with.(18)go + 结构的含义：为了实现某目的才去的。例如：go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等(19)have to do sth.(非主观因素，强调客观因素，"不得不去做某事")must 则表示主观愿望(20)fly a kite = fly kitesbe free = have time(21)句型"该干某事了。"：It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.例如：该吃午饭了.It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch.(22)时间的表述当分针所指的时间大于0分、小于等于30分钟时，用"分钟"past"小时"。例如：8：23-twenty-three past eight当分针所指的时间大于30分钟、小于60分钟时，用"剩余的时间"to"下一个整点"。例如：8：49-eleven to nine当然，还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间，例如：8：23-eight twenty-three; 8:49-eight forty-nine整点则在数词后加"-o'clock"，例如：8：00-eight o'clock在钟点前介词要用at.