英语冠词详解与练习.doc

(一)冠词概述冠词是限定词的一种，自己不能单独使用，只能依附于一个名词帮助说明这个名词的含义。因此冠词也可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有三种形式：不定冠词a(an)，定冠词(the)和零冠词(即不使用冠词)。冠词用法每次中考都会出现，主要考查：(1)名词前的定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的用法；(2)固定搭配中的冠词用法。a，an的用法区别是常考内容。序数词前及形容词最高级前或姓氏前使用定冠词也是近年来中考的常考内容。(二)基础知识梳理1不定冠词aan的用法不定冠词用来修饰单数可数名词，指人或物中的某一个或某一类，但不具体说明是何人何物。如：A famous astronaut will give us a talk the week after nexta用在以辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的单词前，如：a university student，a European country；an用在以元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的单词前，如：an honest girl，an underground train现将不定冠词的基本用法归纳如下：1)首次提到某人某物，不定冠词起介绍作用。如：Long long ago an old man lived in a small village2)表示“每一”的意思，常用于表示时间、速度的名词之前，相当于every。如：ten metres a second，twice a week3)也可用于不可数的物质名词和抽象名词之前，使其具体化。如：1 would like a drinkIts a great joy to live in Shanghai4)某些固定短语中，要用不定冠词。如：have a good time，in a hurry，have a break，for a while，a pair of，have a look，with a smile，take an active part in2定冠词the的用法1)指第二次提到的人或物。如：I have a dog and a catThe dog is brown and the cat is yellow2)特指某人或某物。如：The old man with thick glasses is their history teacher3)指谈话双方都知道的人或物。如：Would you mind turning down the radio，Jim? Your father is sleeping4)用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：The third truck is carrying the fewest apples of all5)用于指世界上独一无二的事物。如：The moon is far smaller than the earth6)在江河、海洋、山脉等地理名词前及由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Nile，the Pacific Ocean，the Alps，the Oriental Pearl7)用于表示方位的名词前。如：Shanghai is in the east of China8)用在乐器名称的前面。如：I practise the piano every day after school9)在某些形容词前加定冠词，表示一类人。如：The sick and the old should be taken good care of10)用于姓氏复数形式之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇两人”。如：The Wangs have worked in Pudong for almost ten years11)在某些固定短语中，需用定冠词。如：In the morning，the day after tomorrow，listen to the radio，at the moment，go to the beach，by the way3不用冠词的情况1)在球类活动、学科名称前。如：We have Chinese，maths，and English every day2)在节日、月份、四季、星期前。如：June l is Childrens DayIts Saturday todayIts late spring now3)名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或数词等。如：That handbag is in her carI have several questions to ask4)在物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。如：Milk is white(比较：The milk in the cup has gone bad这里the表示特指。)5)三餐名词前通常不用冠词，如：have supper，after breakfast，但三餐名词前如果有形容词修饰时，要用不定冠词，如：a big supper，a quick breakfast等。6)在称呼、头衔、职位前。如What can I do for you，sir.7)在某些固定词组和习惯用语中。如：by motorcycleairtrain，at night，in trouble, go to church，put into jal等。4在某些名词前用冠词或不用冠词，其意义有所不同。如：go 10 church(去做礼拜) go to the church(到那座教堂去)in class(在上课时) in the class(在班级中)in charge of(负责) in the charge of(由负责)in hospital(生病住院) in the hospital(在医院里工作或参观)at table(在吃饭) at the table(在桌子旁)take place(发生) take the place(代替)in front of(在的前面) in the front of(在前部)keep house(管理家务) keep the house(呆在家里)经典例题 1 After supper，mother gave each of her daughters _ orangeAthe B/ Ca Dan2 I found _notebook on the floorTherewas _ “f” on the cover of_ notebookAtheana B aaa C aathe D aanthe3 Do you know _ girl in a red coat.Aa Ban Cthe D/4 A：Have you got _ Email address? B：Oh，yes，mine is wjb80Athe Ban Ca D/5 _ India and China are in _ same continent.A. /the BThethe C/ . / D/the6 Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning Is it _black one? I think I saw it somewhereAathe Baa Cthea Dthethe7 We cant see _ sun in _ sky at _nightAthethethe B/thetheCthethe/ Dthe/8 （改错） As everyone knows, Summer Palace is one of the most beautiful parks in the world.A B C D9 After school，I often play _ violin while my elder brother prefers to play _ basketball.Athethethe Bthe/theC/ the/ Dthe/10 Jack is _ most careful student，but he isnt _most careful studentin our classAthethe Bthea Caa Dathe11 Do you know_ of the two girls?Ataller Bthe taller C the tallest Dthe tall12 We made him _ manager of our companyLook, ?_ manager is comingAthethe Bthe/ C/the D/13 David comes from _ United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandAa Bthe Can D/答案解析1 【解析】答案是D。“晚饭之后妈妈给了每个女儿一只橘子。”这里an相当于one，此外因为orange是以元音音素开头，所以只能用an。2 【解析】答案是D。“我发现地板上有一个笔记本。这个笔记本的封面上有一个字母f。”这里notebook第一次出现时用“a”，而第二次提及时则用了“the”。另外f虽是辅音字母，但发音是ef以元音音素开头，所以用an。注意以元音音素开头的字母除了a，e，i，o，u之外还有f，h，l，m，n，r，s，x。3 【解析】答案是C。“你认识那个穿红外套的姑娘吗？”定冠词the可以用来表示某个或具有某些特定的人或东西，或是说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物。故此处选the合乎题意。又如：Turn on the light，please.Be careful when you cross the street这里的定冠词都是此意。4 【解析】考查不定冠词表示泛指某一个，答案为B。此题反映了当前中考命题的一个特点：语言富有时代气息。5 【解析】答案是A。国名前不需加冠词，但same前要用定冠词the。6 【解析】答案为B。此题考查的是不定冠词的一般用法，但由于是在特定语境中考，难度就大大增加。不少考生看不出答语中I think和somewhere所表示的不确定语气，认为是特指，所以误选A。7 【解析】答案是C。“晚上，我们在天上看不见太阳。”这里the sun，the sky为独一无二的东西，故选用定冠词。而at night“在夜晚”为习惯搭配，不用冠词。8 【解析】答案是B。“众所周知，颐和园是世界上最美丽的公园之一。”summer Palace是由普通名词组成的专有名词，因此前面应该加定冠词the。所以本题B项是错误的。9 【解析】答案是C。“放学后，我经常拉小提琴，而我哥哥更喜欢打篮球。”在乐器名词前必须加定冠词，常见的有play the violin，play the piano，play the guitar。而在球类名词前则不用冠词，如：play basketball，play volleyball，play table tennis，play golf等。after school是一个习惯短语，school前是零冠词。10 【解析】答案是D。句意为“杰克是一个非常细心的学生，但并不是我们班最细心的。”在最高级前面通常要用定冠词修饰；用不定冠词则表示“非常，十分，很”的意思。11 【解析】答案是B。“你认识两位女孩中较高的那个吗?”在比较级前一般不用冠词，但比较级前用定冠词则表示“两者中较的那个”，一般后接“of the two”等。12 【解析】表示头衔与职务的词语前通常不用冠词，但如果这个词语转化为指一个具体的人，则要在其前加冠词。所以本道题的答案应是C。13 【解析】表示国家的名称以单个的词语出现时，前面一般不要加任何冠词，但假如这个词语以全称的形式出现时，则要在其前加定冠词。如 China的全称是the Peoples Republic of China；America的全称是the United States of America。本题答案是B。 高考试题与冠词2010年高考 1.（北京卷35）. First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you neverget _ second chance to make _ first impression. A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a2（福建卷21）.Its_good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai world expo that gives them _pleasure.A.不填，a B. a,不填 C. the ,a D. a, the3.（江苏卷 21）. The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_ people from all walks of life are working hard for_ new Jiangsu.A.不填; a B. 不填;the C. the; a D. the; the4.( 辽宁卷22). There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth.A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the5. (山东卷22). If we sit near _ front of the bus, well have _ better view. A. 不填；the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the；the6. (四川卷2). In _most countries, a university degree can give you _flying start in life. A. the; a B. the; 不填 C.不填; 不填 D.不填; a7.(浙江卷2). Many lifestyle patterns do such _ great harm to health that they actually speed up _weakening of the human body. A. a; / B. /; the C. a; the D. /; /8.（重庆卷27）. Everything comes with _price; there is no such _thing as free lunch in the world.A. a, a B. the, / C. the, / D. a, /9.（上海卷26）. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was _journey.A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours Key ： 1c 2b 3a 4b 5c 6d 7b 8d 9c 2007-2009年高考1. Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please?Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. （2007 全国卷II）A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /2. I looked under _bed and found _book I lost last week. （2007 北京卷）A.the; a B. the: the C. 不填；the D. the:;不填3 _ walk is expected to last all day, so bring_packed lunch. （2007 山东卷）AA;a BThe; 不填 CThe ; a DA ; 不填4. How about Christmas evening party? （2007 福建卷）I should say it was success.A.a; a B.The; a C.a;不填 D.the; 不填5. Polar bears live mostly on_sea ice, which they use as _platform for hunting seals.（2007 湖南卷） A. a; a B. a; the C. 不填; a D. the; 不填6. We have every reason to believe that_ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be_ success.（2007 江苏卷） A. / a B. the / C. the a D. a a7. Many people have come to realize that they should go on _balanced diet and make _ room in their day for exercise. （2007 江西卷） A.a;/ B.the; a C.the;the D./;a8. In film Cast Away.Tom Hanks plays man named Chuck Noland.（2007 陕西卷）A.a; the B.the; a C.the; the D.a; a9. How about taking _ short break? I want to make _ call（2007 四川卷） Athe；a Ba；the Cthe；the Da；a10. I wanted to catch _early train, but couldnt get _ ride to the station. （2007 天津卷）A. an, the B. /, the C. an, / D. the, a11. I like _ color of your skirt. It is _ good match for your blouse. （2007 浙江卷） A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the12. Gorge couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church. （2007 重庆卷）A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a13. Chrismas is _ special holiday when _ whole family are supposed to get together.（2007 辽宁卷）A. the, the B. a, a C. the, a D. a, the14，（08湖南卷） Have you heard _ news？The piece of _ petrol is going up again!A. the, the B. 不填，the C. the, 不填 D. 不填，不填15,（08江苏卷）We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent.A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填16（08山东卷）Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource. A. 不填；a B. ,不填; the C. the; the D. the; a17,（08江西卷） - I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.- It is not your fault. With _ rush-hour traffic and _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a18,（08辽宁卷）My neighbor asked me to go for _ walk, but I dont think Ive got _ energy. A. a; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填；the D. a; the19,(08全国II)Its not _ good idea to drive for four hours without _ break.A. a ; a B. the ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the20,(08四川卷). In the United States, there is always _ flow of people to the areas of _ country where more jobs can be found. A. a; the B. the ; a C. the; the D. a; a21,（08浙江卷）. _ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head.A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填22,（08重庆卷）. In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of transportation.A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the;the23,（09安徽）1. We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world. ks5uA. a; a B. a; the ks5u C. the; a D. the; the ks5u24,（09北京）The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building. ks5uA. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a25（09江西） Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world. ks5uA. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a ks5u26,（09海南）. Lets go to cinema-thatll take your mind off the problem for_ whileA. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a ; a27,（09陕西）. What pity that you couldnt be there to receive prize!A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the28（09四川）In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language. ks5uA. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the ks5u29,（09浙江）I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan.A. the; a B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the30,（09重庆）8, Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become popular name.A. a; the B. /; a ks5u C. /; the D. the; a ks5u31（09全国2 ）9. What I need is book that contains ABC of oil painting. A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the ks5u key : 1b 2b 3c 4b 5c 6c 7a 8b 9d 10d 11c 12c 13d 14c 15b 16d 17b 18d 19a 20a 21a 22c 23a 24d 25a 26b 27c 28c 29d 30b 31d at play 在玩at the play 在看戏behind time 迟到behind the times 落在时代后by day 在白天by the day 按日计算by sea 乘船by the sea 在海边in front of 在(外面的)前面in the front of 在(内部的前面)in charge of 看护,负责in the charge of 由看护,由负责in secret 秘密地(作状语)in the secret 知道内情(作表语)in course of 在过程中(作表语后置定语)in the course of 在期间(作状语)in red 穿着红衣服in the red 负债,赤字of age 成年of an age (岁数)同年on fire 着火on the fire 在考虑中on occasion 不时地;必要时on the occasion 在那时out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 不可能to death 十分to the death 到最后five of us 我们中的五人(部分)the five of us 我们五个人(全部)a yellow and white cat 一只黄白相间的猫a yellow and a white cat 一只黄猫和一只白猫in a faimly way 象一家人一样in the family way 怀孕die of cold 冻死die of a cold 感冒而死have words with 与争吵have a word with 与略谈keep house 管理家务keep the house 守在家里take rest 就寝take a reat 休息一下take place 发生take the place of 代替冠词之差 意义有别英语中有不少词组,从形式看好象只有冠词之差,而实际上却是意义完全不同的新词组。现采撷数例,以引起读者的注意：1. in front of 在(外)的前面in the front of 在(内)的前面Theres a garden in front of the classroom.Theres a blackboard in the front of the classroom.2. in charge of 掌管；负责in the charge of 在负责之下An experienced worker is in charge of the project.The project is in the charge of an experienced worker.3. at table 在用饭；吃饭时at the table 在桌旁He seldom talks at table.They sat at the table, talking and laughing.4. by day 白天；日间by the day 按日计He works in an office by day.Cleaning women in big cities get paid by the day.5. take place 发生；举行take the place 代替；接替When did this conversation ta