电大言语交际考核作业1、2、3、4参考答案资料小抄【最新完整版】.doc

电大言语交际作业一答案一、 判断正误 4、7、8、10是对的，其余错二、 案例分析1. 言语交际的表现形式，从不同角度认识：有口头交际与书面交际，有单向交际与双向交际，正式交际与非正式交际，直接间接交际，同级交际与非同级交际。 这段对话是主任对秘书下达任务，必须完成的，所以属于非同级交际。2. 言语交际应注意以下几个原则：（1） 满足交际的目的；（2）适应言语环境；（3）坚持不断创新；（4）注意语言规范。第1） 个案例：经理在会上给员工做报告，是一种较正式的场合，所以他的话不符合适应言语环境的原则。第2） 个案例：符合坚持不断创新原则，这样更能感动人，有浪漫色彩和情调。第3） 个案例：不符合适应言语环境原则。开庭审判时属于正式场合，不能说“ 犯人的老婆”这样的话。第4） 个案例：不符合满足交际目的的原则。3. 小李对小王的话语、评价是不正确的。 小王的话强调小说倚天屠龙记好看，很快就把它读完了，并不是真的一口气就读完了，他的意思是受小说情节吸引，看得很快。三、 问答题1. 言语交际有下列要求：（1）具备组织话语的能力（2）临场应变能力（3）形式创新能力（4）掌握言语技巧的能力。2. 当代言语交际具有媒介手段的多样性。如电报、打电话、手机、QQ聊天、论坛等。3. 正式交际应规范，多用书面语，做充分准备，非正式交际使用灵活口头语，而非正式交际不用准备，随意性大。4. 在言语交际中要注意：话语组织能力，临场应变能力，语言技巧及创新能力，在具体的场合要注意不同的言语交际方式。如我们在课堂上老师要随时应变多种突发问题，这就需要教师具备临场应变能力。而在人与人的交往中，也要注意技巧问题。言语交际作业二答案一、 判断正误 第二，五两个题正确，其余错误。二、 案例分析1. 这些歌词在运用词语上的特点是：歌词朗朗上口，每句都运用了押韵，使人感到稳妥和谐。2. 这段话读起来令人赏心悦目，因为它运用了拟人、比喻等修辞手法，使“月儿”形象鲜明。3. 在前3个小句中运用了排比句式，后边用了一个整句，整句有机结合，使句子流畅，自然和谐优美。用“燕子、杨柳、桃花”作为衬托，富有诗意，最后面引出“日子”去不能像“燕子、杨柳、桃花”那样回来，使用抒情的疑问句十分感人。4. 原名改为：第四届全运会航空模型比赛成都赛区传出喜讯：二十三日，在橡筋动力水上模型飞机直线距离第一轮记录飞行比赛中，我国选手成绩突出，超过了捷克斯洛伐克运动员赫拉迪克在1978年创造的一百点七米的世界记录。他们的成绩是：湖北选手鲍文彬，六百七十八点九三米；广东选手王超英五百三十四点三米；四川选手赵济各四百二十四点六九米；贵州选手郁维方三百二十九点三三米；云南选手戴自熙二百六十五点一五米。改句简短精悍、活泼自然。三、 问答题1.“绿”字用得新鲜生动、巧妙、精当，在本句中作者赋予“绿”字，以新鲜、深刻的含义，一个字写出了春天的生机和春风的作用。2. 汉语成语中一种形式简练，内容丰富的固定词组，它是有意义的整体性和结构的凝固性的特点。如浩然正气、栩栩如生。在具体情况下可根据表达需要，恰当的运用成语，以收到更好的表达效果。 如老马不一定识途，痴迷心窍。3. 汉语成语是一种形式简练，内容丰富的固定词组，它是有意义的整体性和结构的凝固性的特点。如浩然正气、栩栩如生。两个句子在意义上有差别。“我们都喜欢他”说明他招人喜爱，人们都对他有好感。“我们不讨厌他”说明人们对他印象一般，不讨厌也不喜欢。4. 广告语在句式上有问题，不符合连贯的特点，应改为：“投资一次，幸福一世”四、 评改下面语言片段在运用词语或句式方面的问题。1. 改为：有些人像古代的东郭先生，只会滥竽充数。用成语以增加句子的表现力，丰富句子内涵。2. 改为：有些同学上课总爱说话，老师多次批评，就是屡教不改，是转折关系，而句子为顺承关系，所以应改为“就”3. 本句中用词不当。“光临恭候”的使用对象是空的，这两个词适用于受话人，不是发话人。4. 改为：“士们摧毁了敌人的碉堡，冲上了敌人的阵地，消灭了残余的敌人，缴获了敌人的很多武器，俘虏了敌人的指挥官”短句调整为排比句，突出战士奋勇杀敌的气势。5. 改为：“这个村子，东边是一望无际的稻田，西边是甘蔗林，南边是一条河，北边是橡胶园。”原句子间逻辑次序混乱，所以改成上句。言语交际作业3一、 判断正误 3、4、5、7、10正确，其余错误二、 案例分析1、1） 使用的是“借代”，“全球”指全世界人民，说明美的空调的可信度。 2）“双关”。利用“双关”说明女人更年期要静心，要静心就要喝静心口服液，也点明了“静心口服液”的疗效。 3）“拈连”。既说明了“电风扇”的特点，也说明了“电风扇”的效果，运用吹牛中吹的意义，起到了诙谐、幽默的表达效果。 4）“拟人”。把鞋油比喻为“人”，使别人生辉，既生动，又形象。2、 1）用的是“仿拟” 2）用的是“跌衬”3、 运用了对比和讽喻来说明楚王。对比，用楚国与宋国对比。比喻，用了比喻中的明喻。4、“超前夸张”。让人们感到他们购买公债的价值，充分激发了大家购买购买公债的欲望，收到了预期的效果，达到了演讲的目的。三、 问答题1、 主要是构成基础不同，借喻的构成基础是事物之间的相似性。借代的构成基础是事物间的相关性。借喻是形式简略，语感上更加含蓄。借代的作用是称代，即直接把借体称为本体，是只代不喻。借喻的作用是比喻，虽然也有代借作用，但总是借中有代，借喻可以改为明喻和暗喻，借代不能。相同点：都是用一事物代替另一事物，事物本体不出现。2、 1）对比着重于前后两个项目在内容对照，对于结构和字数上没有要求。“对偶”前后两个成分是一种结构的复现，要求结构一致，字数一致，成分的特性一致，内容上“对偶”不限于反对，还有正对、串对。 2）“对偶”中的“反对”，由于前后项内容相反，所以属于对偶和对比的兼用形式。（错误）3、 跌衬是故意不说出正意，而用别的话语作衬托铺垫，然后急转直下，把正意说出来，前后形式强烈反差，完全出人意料之外，在言语交际中，无论是日常交际还是演讲，在话语中适当使用跌衬，有助于活跃气氛，增强话语的幽默色彩，从而给人留下深刻印象。4、 颌联运用了拟人和设问的倏手法，一个“争”字，春天的难得。一个“啄”字写出了燕子的忙碌，把小燕子写活了，使全诗洋溢着春的活力与生机。“谁家”两字的疑问又表现出诗人细腻的心里活动，并使读者产生丰富联想。颈联运用了对偶和衬托的修辞手法，写出了早春的景物特点，也写出了诗人观察欣赏的感受和判断，这就使客观的自然景物化为带有诗人主观感情色彩的眼中景物，使读者受到感染。待添加的隐藏文字内容3两联准确生动地把诗人边行边赏的早春气息透露出来，给人以清新之感。言语交际作业4答案一、 判断正误 2、9正确，其余错误二、 案例分析1、 A是上下级关系，B是平等关系。原因：所谓空位准则是指言语交际要确定交际者的身份和地位，在现实生活中，几乎每个人都随时充当并随时变换着不同的交际角色，这些角色在一个人的周围形成“网络”，这种“网络”标志着交际主体必须发生的种种关系，交际者只有认识了各种交际关系，摆正每个角色身份的位置，才能顺利完成交际活力。2、 质量准则。儿子根据具体情况进行交际，客人没好好的问。（1） 所谓质量原则是指话语的真实性，既不要说说你自知是虚假的话，也不要说缺少足够证据的话。（2） 合作原则中的质量准则，也需要灵活运用，为保证质量，还可以采取积极超越的态度，达到交流信息、互相理解的目的。3、 所谓关联准则是指交际者既要做到自己在前言后语中所发生的语句互相关联，也要做到与对方的话语和谐衔接，正是正下句之间关联，把交际双方的语句互串联成一个有意义的内在联系的言语整体，从而充分体现了双方的合作性。甲不想把钱借给乙。4、 “尊重”是尊敬、敬重之意，礼貌是以尊重他人为基础的，没有对他人的尊重，交际很难成功。 尊重他人就是尊重他人的意见，尊重他人的劳动，尊重他人的正当权利，尊重他人的人格。5、 合意准则包括如下内容：（1）发话人的话语应该在交际对象能够理解、能够接受的限度内；（2）是发话人的言语行为应该是是在交际对象认为得体的进行；（3）是接受者理解应该尽可能作出相应的贴切的言语行为反应。三、 问答题1、1） 关联准则强调的是交际双方发话人和受话人之间的关系，强调的是双方话语的默契，内容的衔接。如果交际中发话人一味自说自话，不看对象反应，或者受话人不听对方的话，答非所问，交际都很难以持续下去。2）断句2、课本上有，找目录，呵呵 好像P3013023、好像是在P302左右4、具有模糊性、遗传性、主体性、真实性、民族性、共通性。人们运用言语交际时，同时也用表情、体态、服饰等多种手段来辅助言语交际传递信息。例如，教师讲课时用到眼神、手势等。5、运用非言语手段交际要做到通俗易懂、自然得体、灵活变通，因此要恰当、明确、适合；与言语交际手段密切配合完成交际手段。这位乘客与女服务员并不熟悉，属于陌生人，其没有注意交际的尺度，让服务员非常反感，所以没有达到很好交际的目的。O(_)O谢谢！【China's 10 must-see animations】The Chinese animation industry has seen considerable growth in the last several years. It went through a golden age in the late 1970s and 1980s when successively brilliant animation work was produced. Here are 10 must-see classics from China's animation outpouring that are not to be missed. Let's recall these colorful images that brought the country great joy. Calabash Brothers Calabash Brothers (Chinese: 葫芦娃) is a Chinese animation TV series produced by Shanghai Animation Film Studio. In the 1980s the series was one of the most popular animations in China. It was released at a point when the Chinese animation industry was in a relatively downed state compared to the rest of the international community. Still, the series was translated into 7 different languages. The episodes were produced with a vast amount of paper-cut animations. Black Cat Detective Black Cat Detective (Chinese: 黑猫警长) is a Chinese animation television series produced by the Shanghai Animation Film Studio. It is sometimes known as Mr. Black. The series was originally aired from 1984 to 1987. In June 2006, a rebroadcasting of the original series was announced. Critics bemoan the series' violence, and lack of suitability for children's education. Proponents of the show claim that it is merely for entertainment. Effendi "Effendi", meaning sir and teacher in Turkish, is the respectful name for people who own wisdom and knowledge. The hero's real name was Nasreddin. He was wise and witty and, more importantly, he had the courage to resist the exploitation of noblemen. He was also full of compassion and tried his best to help poor people. Adventure of Shuke and Beita【舒克与贝塔】 Adventure of Shuke and Beita (Chinese: 舒克和贝塔) is a classic animation by Zheng Yuanjie, who is known as King of Fairy Tales in China. Shuke and Beita are two mice who don't want to steal food like other mice. Shuke became a pilot and Beita became a tank driver, and the pair met accidentally and became good friends. Then they befriended a boy named Pipilu. With the help of PiPilu, they co-founded an airline named Shuke Beita Airlines to help other animals. Although there are only 13 episodes in this series, the content is very compact and attractive. The animation shows the preciousness of friendship and how people should be brave when facing difficulties. Even adults recalling this animation today can still feel touched by some scenes. Secrets of the Heavenly Book Secrets of the Heavenly Book, (Chinese: 天书奇谈) also referred to as "Legend of the Sealed Book" or "Tales about the Heavenly Book", was released in 1983. The film was produced with rigorous dubbing and fluid combination of music and vivid animations. The story is based on the classic literature "Ping Yao Zhuan", meaning "The Suppression of the Demons" by Feng Menglong. Yuangong, the deacon, opened the shrine and exposed the holy book to the human world. He carved the book's contents on the stone wall of a white cloud cave in the mountains. He was then punished with guarding the book for life by the jade emperor for breaking heaven's law. In order to pass this holy book to human beings, he would have to get by the antagonist fox. The whole animation is characterized by charming Chinese painting, including pavilions, ancient architecture, rippling streams and crowded markets, which fully demonstrate the unique beauty of China's natural scenery. Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf【喜洋洋与灰太狼】 Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf (Chinese:喜羊羊与灰太狼) is a Chinese animated television series. The show is about a group of goats living on the Green Pasture, and the story revolves around a clumsy wolf who wants to eat them. It is a popular domestic animation series and has been adapted into movies. Nezha Conquers the Dragon King（Chinese: 哪吒闹海） is an outstanding animation issued by the Ministry of Culture in 1979 and is based on an episode from the Chinese mythological novel "Fengshen Yanyi". A mother gave birth to a ball of flesh shaped like a lotus bud. The father, Li Jing, chopped open the ball, and beautiful boy, Nezha, sprung out. One day, when Nezha was seven years old, he went to the nearby seashore for a swim and killed the third son of the Dragon King who was persecuting local residents. The story primarily revolves around the Dragon King's feud with Nezha over his son's death. Through bravery and wit, Nezha finally broke into the underwater palace and successfully defeated him. The film shows various kinds of attractive sceneries and the traditional culture of China, such as spectacular mountains, elegant sea waves and exquisite ancient Chinese clothes. It has received a variety of awards. Havoc in Heaven The story of Havoc in Heaven（Chinese: 大闹天宫）is based on the earliest chapters of the classic story Journey to the West. The main character is Sun Wukong, aka the Monkey King, who rebels against the Jade Emperor of heaven. The stylized animation and drums and percussion accompaniment used in this film are heavily influenced by Beijing Opera traditions. The name of the movie became a colloquialism in the Chinese language to describe someone making a mess. Regardless that it was an animated film, it still became one of the most influential films in all of Asia. Countless cartoon adaptations that followed have reused the same classic story Journey to the West, yet many consider this 1964 iteration to be the most original, fitting and memorable, The Golden Monkey Defeats a Demon【金猴降妖】 The Golden Monkey Defeats a Demon (Chinese: 金猴降妖), also referred as "The Monkey King Conquers the Demon", is adapted from chapters of the Chinese classics "Journey to the West," or "Monkey" in the Western world. The five-episode animation series tells the story of Monkey King Sun Wukong, who followed Monk Xuan Zang's trip to the West to take the Buddhistic sutra. They met a white bone evil, and the evil transformed human appearances three times to seduce the monk. Twice Monkey King recognized it and brought it down. The monk was unable to recognize the monster and expelled Sun Wukong. Xuan Zang was then captured by the monster. Fortunately Bajie, another apprentice of Xuan Zang, escaped and persuaded the Monkey King to come rescue the monk. Finally, Sun kills the evil and saves Xuan Zang. The outstanding animation has received a variety of awards, including the 6th Hundred Flowers Festival Award and the Chicago International Children's Film Festival Award in 1989. McDull【麦兜】 McDull is a cartoon pig character that was created in Hong Kong by Alice Mak and Brian Tse. Although McDull made his first appearances as a supporting character in the McMug comics, McDull has since become a central character in his own right, attracting a huge following in Hong Kong. The first McDull movie McMug Story My Life as McDull documented his life and the relationship between him and his mother.The McMug Story My Life as McDull is also being translated into French and shown in France. In this version, Mak Bing is the mother of McDull, not his father.