职称英语考试卫生类考试真题及答案.doc

2016年职称英语考试卫生类考试真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.I have been trying to quit smoking.A.give upB.pick upC.build upD.take up2.Relief workers were shocked by what they saw.A.movedB.touchedC.surprisedD.worried3.The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain.A.questionB.problemC.titleD.topic4.This is not typical of English，but is a feature of the Chinese language.A.particularB.characteristicC.remarkableD.idiomatic5.It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job.A.simplyB.almostC.totallyD.completely6.These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our fears.A.stemB.relyC.developD.grow7.Only a small minority of the mentally ill are liable to harm themselves or others.A.easyB.possibleC.likelyD.difficult8.They have the capability to destroy the enemy in a few days.A.possibilityB.necessityC.abilityD.probability9.We have never seen such gorgeous hills.A.beautifulB.stretchingC.spreadingD.rolling10.The leaves have been swept into huge heaps.A.10adsB.layersC.pyramidsD.piles11.The news will horrify everyone.A.attractB.terrifyC.temptD.excite12.The article sketched the major events of the decade.A.describedB.offeredC.outlinedD.presented13.I wont tolerate that kind of behavior.A.bearB.receiveC.admitD.take14.Their style of playing football is utterly different.A.barelyB.scarcelyC.hardlyD.totally15.Her sister urged her to apply for the job.A.advisedB。causedC.forcedD.promised阅读判断Eruptions of Mount Saint HelensOn March 27, the U. S. Government scientists made a decision after they predicted the eruption of Mount Saint Helens. They telephoned all states and local officials in the area and told them that a serious eruption was possible at any time. Roads were closed to every one except scientists and forest keepers struggled to keep curious visitors away from the mountain.Shortly after noon on March 27, Mount Saint Helens erupted for the first time in 123 years. People living north of the mountain heard a loud boom that shook their windows, and airline pilots flying near the volcano soon afterwards described a thick black column of ash and steam shooting more than 2, 100 meters into the sky.Later, scientists found that the explosion had made a new crater(大坑) in the top of the mountain, not far from the old crater. The north side of the peak now had a huge bulge(凸出部分) where rock and ice had been pushed out by the eruption.A second eruption shook the mountain on March 28. It, too, sent up a column of black ash high into the sky. By March 29, scientists flying over the mountain saw that a second crater formed about 9 meters from the first one. Strange blue flames flickered(闪烁) inside the crater and sometimes jumped from one crater to the other.By April 1 the mountain had erupted several more times and the snow on the north slope of the peak was black with ash. Ash carried by the wind had fallen on towns as far as 240 kilometers away from Mount Saint Helens.During the first week of April, Mount Saint Helens gave scientists something new to worry about harmonic tremors(震动) recorded by scientists showed a big eruption would happen. All during April and into May Mount Saint Helens continued to shudder(震动) and shoot out ash. By April 8, the two craters had merged to form a vast hole nearly a half of a kilometer wide and 250 meters deep.Scientists main worry during this time was the growing bulge of rock and ice on the north face of the mountain. By May 7 scientists feared the worst. Their warnings led Washington Governor to set up safety zones around the mountain. The inner “red ” zone was open to scientists only. The outer “blue” zone was open only to people who got special permits. But in spite of these warnings, some people got past the road barriers and risked their lives trying to get close to the volcano.1. American scientists predicted that Mount Saint Helens was to erupt soon. A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned正确的答案是: A2. Pilots flying at the height of more than 2, 100 meters saw a thick black column of ash and steam shooting up into the air from the crater.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned正确的答案是: C3. A new crater, which was to the south of the old one, was formed after the second eruption. A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned正确的答案是: C4. The quakes recorded during the first week of April in the area of Mount Saint Helens warned scientists of a new eruption.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned正确的答案是: A5. Two scientists lost their lives during the second eruption of Mount Saint Helens. A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned正确的答案是: C6. Most of the dreadful eruptions of Mount Saint Helens took place in early May.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned正确的答案是: A7. The eruption of Mount Saint Helens attracted a large number of foreign tourists. A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned正确的答案是: CHurricanes (龙卷风)1. Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. But in 1953, female names were given because of the unpredictability (不可预知的) factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist (性别歧视的) nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.2. Hurricanes and typhoons (台风) are the same things. If they form in the Atlantic, we call these strong storms hurricanes, from the West Indian word hurricane, meaning "big wind." And if they are Pacific storms, they are called typhoons from the Chinese taifun, meaning "great wind." To be classified as a hurricane, the storm must have maximum winds of at least 75 mph. These storms are big, many hundreds of miles in diameter.3. Hurricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its stored-up energy. All water vapor gives out heat as it condenses (凝结) from a gaseous state to a liquid state over fixed points on the equator (赤道). To make a hurricane, you must have extremely wet, warm air, the kind of air that can only be found in tropical regions.4. Scientists have determined that the heat given out in the process of water condensation can be as high as 95 billion kilowatts per hour. In just one day alone, the storm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entire year! The problem is that we don't know how to make such great energy work for us.5. Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters. It moves at a typical speed of 15 mph. But not always. Some storms may race along at twice this speed, then suddenly stop and remain in the same location in the ocean for several days. It can be maddening (发疯的) if you live in a coastal area that may be hit.6. The biggest advance in early detection is continuous watch from weather satellites. With these, we can see the storms form and track them fully, from birth to death. While they can still kill people and destroy property, hurricanes will never surprise any nation again.23 Paragraph 1_24 Paragraph 2_25 Paragraph 3_26 Paragraph 4_AA Short History of Naming HurricanesBHarnessing the Hurricane EnergyCDifficulty in Forecasting the Course of a HurricaneDHuge Energy Stored in a HurricaneEForecasting a Hurricane Through Satellite WatchingFDifferent Names for the Same Things27 Both male and female names are used for hurricanes in consideration of_.28 Using weather satellites can ensure_of hurricanes.29 Energy specialists may be interested in_of hurricanes.30 Scientists cannot accurately predict the course of a hurricane due to_.A the timely (及时的) discoveryBconvenienceCsex equalityDits connection with humans,Ethe huge powerFits uncertainly答案23. A24. F25. D26. C27. C28. A29. E30. FCharacteristics of PublicityPublicity offers several benefits. There are not costs for message time or space. An ad in prime-time television may cost $250,000 to $5000,000 or more per minute, whereas a five-minute report on a network newscast would not cost anything. However, there are costs for news releases, a publicity department, and other items. As with advertising, publicity reaches a mass audience. Within a short time, new products or company policies are widely known.Credibility about messages is high, because they are reported in independent media. A newspaper review of a movie has more believability than an ad in the same paper, because the reader associates independence with objectivity. Similarly, people are more likely to pay attention to news reports than to ads. For example, Women's Wear Daily has both fashion reports and advertisements. Readers spend time reading the stories, but they flip through the ads. Furthermore, there may be 10 commercials during a half-hour television program or hundreds of ads in a magazine. Feature stories are much fewer in number and stand out clearly.Publicity also has some significant limitations. A firm has little control over messages, their timing, their placement, or their coverage by a given medium. It may issue detailed news releases and find only portions cited by the media, and media have the ability to be much more critical than a company would like.For example, in 1982, Procter & Gamble faced a substantial publicity problem over the meaning of its 123-year-old company logo. A few ministers and other private citizens believed resulted in the firm receiving 15,000 phone calls about the rumor in June alone. To combat this negative publicity, the firm issued news releases featuring prominent clergy that refuted the rumors, threatened to sue those people spreading the stories, and had a spokesperson appear on Good Morning America. The media cooperated with the company and the false rumors were temporarily put to rest. However, in 1985, negative publicity became so disruptive that Procter & Gamble decided to remove the logo from its-products.A firm may want publicity during certain periods, such as when a new product is introduced or new store opened, but the media may not cover the introduction or opening until after the time it would aid the firm. Similarly, media determine the placement of a story; it may follow a report on crime or sports. Finally, the media ascertain whether to cover a story at all and the amount of coverage to be devoted to it. A company-sponsored fobs program might go unreported or receive three-sentence coverage in a local newspaper.练习：1. The author mentions all of the following advantages of publicity exceptA) Having no time costs.B) Having attentiveness.C) Having high credibility.D) Having high profitability.2. the second paragraph indicates that people are more likely to believe storiesA) in a newspaper than in a women's daily.B) In a newspaper than in a magazine.C) In an independent newspaper than in a dependent newspaper.D) In a magazine than in a local newspaper.3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A) A firm can control and time publicity accurately.B) A firm can neither control nor time publicity accurately.C) A firm can either control or time publicity accurately.D) In most cases a firm can control and time publicity accurately.4. The example in Paragraph 4 is intended to demonstrateA) the power of publicity.B) the victim of publicity.C) the terrible effect of rumors.D) the vulnerability of people to publicity.5. The passage implies thatA) the placement of a story is not quite important.B) the report of a crime may not be true.C) local newspapers are not interested in company-sponsored programs.D) publicity is not always necessary.Keys: DCBADGrowing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus, trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum conditions for travelers.Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs. They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services, and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and _(1)_. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. They offer familiarization and workshop tours _(2)_.Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. In this way agents learn _(3)_ and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel - planes; ships, trains, motorcoaches, car-rentals, and even car purchases.Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts, considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement. Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, _(4)_, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers, _(5)_. Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.A including car-rental and sight-seeing services.B so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand knowledge of the tours.C in preparing effective advertising campaignsD as a result tourism is flouring in all countriesE hotels rely upon agenciesF to explain destinationsKEYS:CBFEAGrowing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus, trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum conditions for travelers.Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs. They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services, and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and _(1)_. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. They offer familiarization and workshop tours _(2)_.Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. In this way agents learn _(3)_ and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel - planes; ships, trains, motorcoaches, car-rentals, and even car purch