中级经济师考试《建筑专业知识与实务》重点解析土木工程.doc

中级经济师考试建筑专业知识与实务重点解析：土木工程中级经济师考试本讲主要内容： FIDIC土木工程施工合同条件 国际工程承包合同管理 重点难点 1、FIDIC土木工程施工合同条件概述 2、工程质量的控制 3、支付结算的管理 4、施工进度的管理 5、国际工程合同管理内容 6、国际工程合同变更管理 7、国际工程合同风险管理 8、国际工程索赔管理 大纲要求 FIDIC土木工程施工合同条件 1、熟悉FIDIC概念； 2、掌握FIDIC土木工程施工合同条件的组成及应用条件和合同文件的组成及优先次序； 3、熟悉FIDIC合同条件下，业主和承包商对工程质量的控制； 4、掌握工程结算的范围和条件，以及工程支付的项目内容； 5、熟悉工程价款结算程序； 6、熟悉施工进度管理内容。 国际工程承包合同管理 1、熟悉国际工程合同的概念及其主要内容； 2、了解合同变更的概念； 3、熟悉工程变更概念及产生原因； 4、了解工程变更的控制程序和价款的估价步骤； 5、掌握工程变更估价方法； 6、了解风险管理概念及特点； 7、熟悉风险管理的内容和风险因数分析； 8、掌握业主和承包商风险管理的主要措施； 9、熟悉索赔的概念、作用、分类和原因； 10、掌握索赔程序； 11、熟悉业主、承包商对索赔的管理； 12、掌握工程师对索赔的管理。 FIDIC土木工程施工合同条件 FIDIC土木工程施工合同条件 FIDIC是国际上最具权威性的咨询师的组织，是指国际咨询工程师联合会(Federation Internationale des lngenieurs Conseils)，它是由该联合会名称用法语书写的五个词的字头组成的缩写，读“菲迪克”。 1913年欧洲四个国家的咨询工程师协会组成了FIDIC。从1945年二次世界大战结束后 至今，FIDIC的成员采自全球各地60多个国家和地区，中国工程咨询协会代表我国于1996年正式加入。 FIDIC是被世界银行认可的国际咨询服务机构，总部设立在瑞土洛桑。可以说FIDIC代表了世界上大多数独立的咨询工程师，是最具有权威性的咨询工程师组织，它推动了全球范围内的高质量的工程咨询服务业的发展。 FIDIC编制了许多标准合同条件，国际上最常用的四个合同条件是：土木工程施工合同条件、土木工程施工分包合同条件、设计建造与交钥匙工程合同条件、业主咨询工程师标准服务协议书，其中在工程界影响最大的是FIDIC土木工程施工合同条件(在本书中，如无特别说明，FIDIC合同条件即指FIDIC土木工程施工合同条件)。 Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis' 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnley's effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competition's top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011."I'd give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend," said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport.待添加的隐藏文字内容3"For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during City's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA." Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by England's Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos' focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. They've been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.