路面养护机器简介毕业论文外文翻译.doc

英文资料翻译Pavement Maintenance Machine IntroductionThe forerunner of todays generation of cold planers were developed in the 1970s.Early machines were either based on a grader or a subgrade trimming machine.Machine design has now settled down.Basic parameters such as power to cutting width and weight to cutting width ratio are remaining relatively constant.Todays machines are capable of much higher production and the reliability of equipment is higher.Road milling machines in 1984Present design of machines from all manufacturers consist of three basic systems.Power unitThis will be a diesel engine which will provide power for both forward movement on the machine and to cutting drum.Power may be transmitted to the cutting drum via hydraulic or mechanical system.In general there will be between 11.75 horsepower per cm of cutting width of the dtum.Cutting drumAll machines will have a cutting drum and on machines of 2m diameter and over the drum normally has a diameter of approx 1m. This drum will be laced with a series of tungsten carbide teeth and in general these are of the point attack style.The drum will be rigidly mounted in a frame or directly mounted to the chassis.The depth of cut is controlled by either moving the drum assembly up or down or the whole chassiss is raised and lowered on its supporting wheels or tracks.Conveying systemMost of the larger machines currently made have their own elevation system whereby cut material is picked up,placed on a conveyor and deposited in a waiting truck.All the above functions are controlled from one central area.One man will drive and operate the machine.It is likely that he will have one man working with him who will check the cutting depth from the ground and make necessary alterations to the depth of cut.Method of operation of cold planing machinesThere are virtually no specifications written by any country that cover cold planing.In most countries a machine is called for which will efficiently remove a road surface to a given depth with a given accuracy,normally ±3mm.The method by which the machine does this is not usually specified with the exception that cold milling and self-loading may be specified.Once these paramenters have been settled it is up to the various manufacturers of the equipment to put forward what they consider to be the most economic way and most productive way of doing the work.The contractor carrying out the work is primarily interested in completing the job as quickly as possible at a minimum cost.The actual production that a machine will achieve on site will be dependent on the hardness of material and the depth of the cut.Without a detailed konwledge of the exact area where a machine is going to work it is very hard for a contractor working blind to accurately forecast production.This can only be done when a history of work in the area can be built up.If the pavement is badly fatigued it would be likely to be easier to cut than one which is in good condition that requires removing to alter the pavement geometry.The depth of cutting will aslo affect production.Modern machines are capable of taking greater depths in a single pass than their predecessors.In general all machines will cut up to 100mm economically in one pass.Some machines are now capable of cutting up to 200mm in a single pass economically.Earlier machines have to carry out the work by a multi-pass operation.The economics of taking a single or multi-pass can be dependent on the type of aggregate and type filler used with the bitumen.For economic operation of the machine it is essential that site organization is well planned.Poor site organization can give rise to costs which will exceed the cost of replacing the tungsten carbide tipped teeth which is normally the greatest single cost per square metre metre of work carried out.路面养护机器简介今天冷刨机的前身始于20世纪70年代。早期的机器不是基于土木就是路基修建。机器设计现已成形，基本数据如切割深度和切割重力比率都相对保持不变。今天的机器具有更高的生产效率和更高的可靠性。1984年的路面碾磨机目前所有制造厂设计生产的机器都是有三个基本系统组成。动力装置：一台柴油机将同时为前进和切割鼓轮提供动力。动力可以通过液压或者机械传递到切割鼓轮。切割鼓轮每厘米宽的马力一般在11.75马力。待添加的隐藏文字内容3切割鼓轮：每一个直径两米左右的机器通常都会有一个直径大约一米的切割鼓轮。这个鼓轮的边缘连接着碳化钨锯齿。通常这就是机器的主要切割点。这个鼓轮将被牢牢地安装在车架或者底盘上。切割的深度不是由鼓轮的升降就是由支撑在车轮或者车辙的整个底盘的升降来控制。传送系统：目前大多数大机器都有自己的高程系统，由此可以加速切割。高程系统停放在传送带和卡车上。上述所有功能都是由一个中央区域控制。一个人就能驾驶和控制这个机器。一般情况下需要一个人和他一起工作，他将检查切割的深度并做必要的调整。没有任何一个国家有关于冷刨路面的书面技术规范。在多数国家机器都被要求既快又准的移走路面，通常在±3毫米。除了冷刨机和自动填充机，其他机器不会具体指定。一但这些参数都已经被确定就要求各生产商提出最经济最效率的方法完成工作，承包商完成工作主要是关心如何既快有经济。实际上一台机器要完成生产主要依赖对材料的硬度和切割深度的掌握。没有一份关于工作地点的详细信息资料，对承包商而言是很困难的。他们只能盲目的预测生产。要完成这个生产必须在已有建设资料的前提下才能很好的完成。路况不好而且已经产生疲劳的路面比只需要改变路面线形的道路更容易切割。切割的深度将会影响生产。现在的机器一次性切割的深度比以前的机器要深。一般而言，所有机器一次都能切割100mm。早期的机器需要多次切割才能完成。无论是一次还是多次完成都依赖于沥青材料的类型和填充材料的类型。为使机器经济的运行，重要的是有计划的安排机器的现场运作。不好的现场组织会增大支出，这一支出将会超过用碳化钨锯齿的费用，通常这是每平方米运行成本最高的。