最新中考英语专题讲练:-情态动词(含解析).doc
情态动词情态动词知识精讲一、情态动词的定义情态动词本身有各种意义,但不能单独作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气、情感和态度,这样的动词称为情态动词。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。常用的情态动词有can, could, may, might, must, have to, will, would, shall, should, need, dare等。二、常见情态动词的用法1. can, could 的用法1). 表示能力、技能。例:She can swim fast, but I cant. 她能游得快,但我不能。Can you swim? 你会游泳吗?2). 表示请求和允许。例:- Can I go now? 我现在可以走了吗?-Yes, you can. ( No, you cant.) 3). 表示推测,意为“可能”,常用与否定句和疑问句中,此时cant意为“不可能”。例:Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗? This cant be done by him. 这个不可能是他干的。4). 在疑问句中,此时could并不是can的过去式,只是表示委婉的语气。例:- Could you do me a favor? 您能帮我个忙吗? - Yes, I can. ( No, Im afraid not.) 是的,我能。(不,我恐怕不能。) 5). 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。例:Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. 他们已经改变了时刻表,因此我们可以乘公交车去。 This hall can hold 500 people at least.这个大厅至少可以容纳500个人。2. may, might的用法1). 表请求和允许,might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。 例:You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。 - May (Might) I smoke here? 我可以在这里吸烟吗? - Yes, you can. (No, you cant/ mustnt.) 是的,你能。(不,你不能/禁止。) 2). 表示推测可能(不用于疑问句),might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。 例:He may/ might be busy now. 他可能现在很忙吧。 Your mother may /might not know the truth. 你妈妈可能不知道真相。 3. must, have to的用法1). 两词都表示“必须、必要”的意思。have to强调客观需要,must是说话人主观的看法。例:My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害,因此我不得不半夜里把医生请来。- Must we hand in our homework today? 我们必须今天上交作业吗?-Yes, you must. ( No, you dont have to/ you neednt.) 是的,你必须。(不,你不必。)2). have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。例:He had to look after his sister at home yesterday. 昨天他不得不在家照看妹妹。3). 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)例:Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. 你是汤姆的好朋友,因此你一定知道他最喜欢什么。Your mother must be waiting for you now.你的妈妈一定正在等着你。4. will, would的用法1). 表示“将、将要、自愿做”等。例:People will die without air or water. 人离开水和空气将会死的。2). will表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。例:Will/ Would you please pass me the ball, please?您能递给我这个球吗?Would you like to go with me?你想和我一起去吗?5. shall, should的用法1). shall的用法(1). 用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求。例:Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow? 汤姆明天可以和我一起去吗? Shall I wear the evening dress for your party? 我可以穿晚礼服参加你的晚会吗?(2). 用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方的许诺、命令、警告或威胁。例:You shall get an answer from me tomorrow. 明天你就会得到我的答复。2). should的用法(1). 用来提供帮助、提出建议,要求对方给出意见。 例:Should I help you with the community affairs? 我可以帮你做一些社区事务吗?(2). 表达义务、职责等。例:I think todays children should really learn to respect their elders. 我认为当今的孩子应该好好学习尊敬长辈。6. need, dare的用法1). need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。例:You neednt come so early. 你不必这么早来。 - Need I finish the work today? 我有必要今天完成作业吗? - Yes, you must. (No, you neednt.) 是的,你必须。(不,你不必。)2). dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。例:How dare you say Im unfair? 你怎敢说我不公平呢?He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?他不敢在这么多人面前说英语,他敢吗?3). dare和 need作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。例:I dare to swim across this river. 我敢在这条河上游泳。He doesnt dare (to) answer. 他不敢回答。He needs to finish his homework today. 他今天需要完成作业。4). need后面接doing表示被动:need doing = need to be done. 例:The washing machine needs repairing. = The washing machine needs to be repaired. 洗衣机需要(被)修理。7. had better的用法表示“最好”,相当于一个助动词,只有一种形式,后面要跟动词原形had better (not) do sth.例:It is pretty cold. Youd better put on my coat. (注:Youd better =You had better)天很冷,你最好把我的大衣穿上。三点剖析一、考点:要求考生能熟练掌握常用情态动词can, may, must, need等的基本用法。中考对情态动词的考查主要是在单项选择的题型中考查。备考时考生要从整体上把握情态动词的语法和语义特征,掌握每个情态动词的用法特点及功能,仔细揣摩语境中说话者的情感、态度和语气。二、易错点: 1. 注意:can和be able to两者表示能力时用法相同,但can只有原形和过去式两种形式,在其他时态中要用be able to来表示。另外be able to常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。例:Jim cant speak English. 吉姆不会说英语。 Im sure youll be able to finish it quickly. 我相信你能迅速地完成。2.“May I ? ”表示请求许可时,否定回答要用mustnt或cant,而不能用may not。例:-May I go now? 我现在可以走吗?-Yes, you may/ can. 是的,可以。/ No, you mustnt/ cant. 不,不可以去。3. 对must 引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must;否定回答用neednt/ dont have to.而不能用mustnt. 因为mustnt表“禁止”之意。例:-Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必须现在立刻打扫餐厅吗? -Yes, you must. 是的, 你必须马上打扫。/ No, you dont have to. / neednt. 不,不必了。4. need 做情态动词,意思为“需要、必须”,通常用于否定句中。例:You neednt do all these exercises. 你不需要做所有的这些练习。题模精选题模一:can,may,must用法例1.1.1 _ you help me answer the telephone?A MayB CanC MustD Need例1.1.2 - Listen! Is that Kate playing the piano in the room?- No. It _ be Kate. She has gone to London.A may notB needntC mustntD cant例1.1.3 - Mum, _ I play computer games?-Yes, you can, but you have to finish your homework first.A wouldB mustC mayD need例1.1.4 -Tom, dont drive too fast, you _ hit the others cars.-OK.A mayB needC mustD have to例1.1.5 -Must I hand in all my money, Mum?-No, you _. You can use it to buy some school things.A mustntB cantC needntD should例1.1.6 -Susan, would you like to go hiking with us this afternoon?-Id love to, but I _ study for a test.A mayB canC willD have to题模二:will,shall,need, had better用法例1.2.1 _ you like to have a cup of tea with me this afternoon?A WillB CanC WouldD Should例1.2.2 I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police?A mayB shouldC willD can例1.2.3 - _ he bring this notebook tomorrow?- Yes, he must.A WillB MayC CanD Need例1.2.4 Its half past two. I think we _ go homeA had betterB had better toC have betterD had better to随堂练习随练1.1 This coat isnt yours. Whose coat _ it be?A mayB canC mustD will随练1.2 -_ I use your dictionary?- Certainly, here you are.A MustB DoC MayD Have随练1.3 -Where is Tom?- He _ in the dining room. He said he was hungry just now.A may beB maybeC mayD can随练1.4 You _ play football in the street. Its dangerous.A canB mustC needntD mustnt随练1.5 You _ be tired after walking such a long way. Sit down and have a rest.A canB mustC shouldD need随练1.6 _you swim? No, I cant.A CanB MayC MustD Need随练1.7 _ you like to see a film with me tomorrow?A CanB MayC MustD Would随练1.8 Schools _ allow students at least one hour a day for sports.A wouldB mightC shouldD could随练1.9 Its a fine day today. You _ take a raincoat with you.A needntB dont needC mustntD cant随练1.10 You look tired now. You _ stay at home and have a rest.A had toB had betterC would like toD would rather自我总结作业1 - Is Jack on duty today?- It _ be him. Its his turn tomorrow.A mustntB wontC cantD neednt作业2 -_ we swim in that river?- No, you _. Its dangerous to swim there.A Must; mustntB May; may notC Will; wontD May; mustnt作业3 You can go and ask her. She _ know the answer.A mustB mayC needD can作业4 - Must I come at four oclock?- Oh, no, you _ .A mustntB wontC cantD dont have to作业5 Whose notebook is this?It _be Johns. Look, his name is on it.A canB mustC mightD need作业6 I like this room. You _ see the mountains from the window.A canB shouldC mustD need作业7 My mother was out, I _ take care of my little sister.A have toB mustC had toD can作业8 - _ we eat some bananas?- Yes, please.A WillB ShallC MustD Would作业9 He said he _ raise money for the charity.A has toB willC canD would作业10 -Shall I tell Tom about it?- No, you _ . I told him just now.A needntB cantC mustntD shouldnt作业11 You have a fever. So you _ go to hospital at once.A shallB willC had betterD can答案解析情态动词题模精选题模一:can,may,must用法例1.1.1【答案】B【解析】 考查情态动词。can表请求和允许。再由句意“您能帮我接一下电话吗?”可知,故选B。例1.1.2【答案】D【解析】 考查情态动词。can表推测,用于否定句和疑问句中,再由句意“不可能是凯特,她已经去了伦敦。”可知,故选D。例1.1.3【答案】C【解析】 考查情态动词。may表请求和允许。再由句意“妈妈,我可以玩会电脑游戏吗?”可知,故选C。例1.1.4【答案】A【解析】 考查情态动词。may表推测,用于肯定句中,可能性小。再由句意“汤姆,不要开车太快,你可能会撞到其它的车。”可知,故选A。例1.1.5【答案】C【解析】 考查情态动词。must的否定回答用neednt或者dont have to.不能用mustnt。再由句意“妈妈,我必须上交所有的钱吗?不,你不必,你可以用这些钱买一些学习用品。”可知,故选C。例1.1.6【答案】D【解析】 考查情态动词。have to不得不(客观需要)。再由句意“我不得不为了考试而学习。”可知,故选D。题模二:will,shall,need, had better用法例1.2.1【答案】C【解析】 考查情态动词。would用于第二人称的一般疑问句,主要表示征求对方的意见或表示建议。Would you like to do sth.? 再由句意“今天下午你愿意和我一起喝茶吗?”可知,故选C。例1.2.2【答案】B【解析】 考查情态动词。should表达义务、职责。再由句意“我经常看到这个空屋亮着灯。你认为我应该报警吗?”可知,故选B。例1.2.3【答案】D【解析】 考查情态动词。need用作情态动词。用在一般疑问句中时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt。再由句意“他有必要明天带笔记本来吗?是的,他必须。”可知,故选D。例1.2.4【答案】A【解析】 考查情态动词。had better do最好做某事,再由句意“已经2:30了,我认为我们最好回家”可知,故选A。随堂练习随练1.1【答案】B【解析】 考查情态动词。can表推测,用于疑问句中或否定句中。再由句意“这件外套不是你的。那它可能是谁的呢?”可知,故选B。随练1.2【答案】C【解析】 考查情态动词。may表请求或允许。再由句意“我可以用你的字典吗?当然可以,给你。”可知,故选C。随练1.3【答案】A【解析】 考查情态动词。may表推测,用于肯定句中,可能性小。may为情态动词后面跟动词原形。再由句意“汤姆在哪里?他可能在餐厅,他刚才说过他很饿。”可知,故选A。随练1.4【答案】D【解析】 考查情态动词。mustnt表禁止。再由句意“禁止在大街踢足球,这是很危险的。”可知,故选D。随练1.5【答案】B【解析】 考查情态动词。must表推测,用于肯定的陈述句中,可能性大。再由句意“走了这么远的路后,你一定很劳累。坐下来休息一会儿。”可知,故选B。随练1.6【答案】A【解析】 情态动词,can表示能力。随练1.7【答案】D【解析】 考查情态动词。would用于第二人称的一般疑问句,主要表示征求对方的意见或表示建议。Would you like to do sth.? 再由句意“明天你想我一起看场电影吗?”可知,故选D。随练1.8【答案】C【解析】 考查了情态动词。should表示表达义务、职责。再由句意“学校应该允许学生们一天至少运动一个小时。”可知,故选C。随练1.9【答案】A【解析】 考查情态动词。neednt表不必。再由句意“今天天气很好,你不必带着雨衣。”可知,故选A。随练1.10【答案】B【解析】 考查情态动词。had better do sth. 最好做某事。再由句意“你看起来很累。你最好待在家里好好休息一下。”可知,故选B。作业1【答案】C【解析】 考查情态动词。cant表推测,用于否定句中。 再由句意“今天是杰克值日吗?不可能是他,明天才轮到他呢。”可知,故选C。作业2【答案】D【解析】 考查情态动词。may引导的一般疑问句,其否定回答为cant, 而不能用may not。再由句意“我可以在河里游泳吗?不,你禁止这样做这里很危险的。”可知,故选D。作业3【答案】B【解析】 考查情态动词。may表推测,用于肯定句中。再由句意“你可以去问她。她可能知道答案。”可知,故选B。作业4【答案】D【解析】 考查情态动词。must引导的一般疑问句,否定回答用neednt或dont have to。再由句意“我必须四点来吗?不,你不必。”可知,故选D。作业5【答案】B【解析】 情态动词,根据句意“肯定是约翰的书”可知考查情态动词的推测用法,根据his name is on it可是属于确定性推测,故用must。作业6【答案】A【解析】 情态动词,can的基本用法,表示能力。作业7【答案】A【解析】 考查情态动词。have to不得不(客观需要),must必须(主观需要)。再由句意“我妈妈出去了,我不得不照顾我的妹妹。”可知,故选A。作业8【答案】B【解析】 考查情态动词。Shall we? 作肯定回答,如果不包括对方you,则用Yes, please.;如果包括对方you, 则用Yes, lets.再由句意“我们可以吃一些香蕉吗?请吃吧。”可知,故选B。作业9【答案】D【解析】 考查情态动词。would表示意愿,主句用的是过去时,从句要用过去时。再由句意“他说他愿意为慈善机构募捐更多的资金。”可知,故选D。作业10【答案】A【解析】 考查情态动词。neednt不必。再由句意“关于这个要不要我告诉汤姆呢?不,你不必。我刚刚已经告诉他了。”可知,故选A。作业11【答案】C【解析】 考查情态动词。had better do sth. 最好做某事。再由句意“你发烧了,因此你最好立即去医院。”可知,故选C。形容词副词最高级用法形容词副词最高级的用法知识精讲一、表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前要加定冠词the,句末常跟一个in/of短语来说明比较的范围。如:“Biang” is the most difficult character in Chinese.在汉语中,“biang”字最难。“Biang” is the most difficult of all the characters.在所有汉字中,“biang”字最难。Chinese contestants do best in the WMO every year.中国参赛选手在每年的世界奥数竞赛中表现地最好。Chinese contestants do best of all the contestants every year.中国参赛选手在所有参赛选手中表现地最好。二、表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用“Which/Who is the +形容词最高级,A, B or C?”或“Which/Who+动词+副词最高级”结构。如:Which city is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai, or Fuzhou?哪座城市最漂亮,北京、上海,还是福州?Which subject you do best, geography, physics or Chinese?你哪一个学科学得最好,地理,物理还是语文?三、表示“最的之一”时,用“one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数”结构,该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。如:Jay Chou is one of the most popular singers.周杰伦是最受欢迎的歌手之一。三点剖析一、易错点:1. 形容词最高级前有物主代词修饰时,不再加定冠词。如:Jack is my best friend. 杰克是我最好的朋友。Yesterday was his busiest day.昨天是他最忙的一天。2. 形容词/副词最高级前面可以加序数词,表示“第几最”,结构为“the + 序数词+形容词/副词最高级”。如:The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。二、补充点:用比较级表达最高级的用法:1. A + be/do+比较级+than + any other+单数名词。如:Mount Everest is the highest in the world.= Mount Everest is taller than any other mountain in the world.喜马拉雅山是世界最高山。=喜马拉雅山比世界上的任何山都高。2. 否定词+比较级Einstein is the smartest.= No one is smarter than Einstein.爱因斯坦最聪明。=没有人比爱因斯坦聪明。题模精选题模一:形容词副词最高级的用法例1.1.1 -What do you think of physics?-I think its _ of all subjects.A difficultB more difficultC most difficultD the most difficult例1.1.2 Tiananmen Square is one of _ squares in the world.A largeB largerC largestD the largest例1.1.3 Who listens _, Eric, Brad or Rick? Of course Brad.A the most carefullyB more carefullyC the most carefulD more careful随堂练习随练1.1 Beijing, the capital of China, is one of _ cities in the world.A the biggestB biggerC biggestD big随练1.2 Bob is _ student in his class. A youngB youngerC youngestD the youngest随练1.3 Most students think Liu Xiang is one of _ sports stars in China.A popularB more popularC most popularD the most popular随练1.4 Who is _ student to get to school in your class?A earlyB earlierC earliestD the earliest随练1.5 Who jumps _ in the long jump, Mike, Tony or Tom?A longerB the longestC fartherD the farthest随练1.6 -Have you seen Captain America?-Of course, it is one of _ movies this year.A popularB more popularC most popularD the most popular随练1.7 Wangfujing Street is one of _ streets in Beijing .Lets go there for a shopping trip.A busyB busierC busiestD the busiest自我总结作业1 Many people think that English is _ of all the subjects.A importantB more importantC most importantD the most important作业2 David is _ student in our class. Nobody is taller than him.A tallB tallerC tallestD the tallest作业3 Most students think Wang Fei is one of _ singers.A popularB more popularC most popularD the most popular作业4 Greenwood Park is _ place in town to go to on weekends.A goodB betterC bestD the best作业5 She is the _ student in our class.A tallB tallerC more tallD tallest作业6 Which season do you like _ in Beijing?Summer.A wellB goodC betterD best作业7 Andy Liu acted _ in that movie. He is _ than the other actors.A the best; more betterB better; the bestC the best; much betterD best; best