组织学与胚胎学ppt课件神经及周围系统总论.ppt

The Nervous System,Department of Human Anatomy,College of Basic Medicine,Zhengzhou University雷留根,Divisions,Central nervous system(CNS)Peripheral nervous system(PNS),Central nervous system(CNS)Brain 脑Telencephalon 端脑Diencephalon 间脑Cerebellum 小脑Brain stem 脑干 Midbrain 中脑Pons 脑桥Medulla oblongata 延髓Spinal cord 脊髓,Peripheral nervous system(PNS)Cranial n.(12 pairs)脑神经Spinal n.(31 pairs)脊神经Visceral n.内脏神经Visceral sensory n.Visceral motor nSympathetic part 交感神经 Parasympathetic part 副交感神经,Cellular organization,Neurons 神经元 Cell body 胞体Axon 轴突Dendrites 树突 Neuroglia glial cell胶质细胞,Neuron,Cell Body Dendrite Processes Axon,Structural classificationBipolar neuron 双极神经元 has an axon and a dendritePseudounipolar neuron 假单极神经元 has a central branch and a peripheral branchMultipolar neuron多极神经元has an axon and two or more dendritesFunctional classificationSensory(efferent)neuron 感觉神经元Motor(afferent)neuron 运动神经元Association neuron 联络神经元,structure,LM（光镜下）,Silver Stain,Nissl Stain,EM电镜下的胞体,Protein Synthesis蛋白质合成Energy Metabolism能量代谢Axoplasmic Flow轴浆运输Phagocytosis吞噬作用,Nerve fibre,Axons轴突Myelin髓鞘Endoneurium神经内膜,Synapses,Synapse is a specialized area connected between neuron and neuron or neuron and effector,Structures of the Synapse,Classification of the Synapse,Transmission Pattern,Chemical Electric,Neuroglia,Macroglia大胶质细胞 astrocyte星行胶质 schwanncell施万细胞 oligodendrocyte少突胶质Microglia小胶质细胞室管膜细胞,Structure of PN,Epineurium神经外膜Perineurium神经束膜Endoneurium神经内膜,Regeneration,Reflex:a reaction of the organism by the nervous system in response to a stimulusReflex arc:has 5 basic components Receptor Sensory neurons CNS Moter neurons Effector,Reflex and reflex arc,常用术语,灰质 gray matter 皮质 cortea 神经核 nucleus,大脑皮质,小脑皮质,神经核,锥体细胞,大脑皮质,