英语本科毕业论文浅析李小龙对中美文化的影响.doc

长 春 工 业 大 学毕 业 论 文论文题目 Influences of Bruce Lee On Chinese and American Cultures 浅析李小龙对中美文化的影响 学生姓名 学位层次 学 士 院 系 外 语 专 业 英 语 指导教师 完成日期 2012年6月ContentsAbstract.1Abstract (Chinese).2I. Introduction.3II. Major Contributions of Bruce Lee4III. Influence of Bruce Lee on Chinese and American Cultures.53.1 Influence on Movie5 3.1.1 Influence on Kong Fu movie.53.1.2 Influence on movie industry.63.2 Influence on Fitness.73.2.1 Influence on nutrition.73.2.2 Influence on body-building.93.3 Influence on Mixed Martial Arts.93.4 Influence on Philosophy.10IV. Evaluation of Bruce Lees Influences.114.1 Setting Iconic Image.114.2 Establishing Patriotism.12 4.3 Encouraging the Descendants of the Dragon in the World.12 V. Conclusion.13Reference.14AbstractBruce Lee, Martial Arts instructor, propelled the revolution of Martial Arts and developed the Kong Fu movie. Through Bruce Lees great contribution, this Paper demonstrates the influences of Bruce Lee on American and Chinese culture. The influences are introduced in many aspects, including movie, movie industry, nutrition, body-building, martial arts and philosophy. Bruce Lee has made great contribution to the improvement of Chinese image in the world, even to the whole world of yellow race. Without doubt, the image of Asian people is improved because of the success of Bruce Lee. Today, millions of people around the world are still encouraged by him. Bruce Lee was one of the most influential persons to the Pop culture in America and China in the 20th century. Key words: Bruce Lee; influence; culture; movie; martial arts摘要一代武术宗师李小龙，革命性地推动了世界武术和功夫电影的发展。本文通过李小龙的不朽贡献，揭示了李小龙对中美两国文化的影响。这种影响力是通过他对电影、电影工业、营养学、健身、武术、哲学等方面的深刻改变所展示出来的。李小龙通过个人的成功提升了中国人在世界上的良好形象，同时也让所有华人和黄种人形象得到提升，今天，世界上仍然有成百上千万的人被他不断激励着，他是当之无愧的二十世纪对中美流行文化最具影响力的中国人之一。关键词：李小龙；影响；文化；电影；武术Influences of Bruce Lee On Chinese and American CulturesI. IntroductionMore than 100 years ago, America invaded China by forces together with other countries, which is the first contact of China with the foreigners formally and deeply. After that, the Qing Dynasty singed many treaties with America. China suffered a lot from these unfair treaties. Stupid and conservative, Chinese people were looked down by America then. At that time, Chinese people only know feudalism. They did not know modern technology and popular culture. In most Americans eyes, Chinese people are the images of long braid, black glasses and yellow teeth.Before Bruce Lee set his iconic image into the hearts and minds of the American people, the general public had a different view of what an Asian person looked liked and acted like. The most classic example of this would have to be the portrayal of Mr.Yunioshi in Breakfast at Tiffanys. Mickey Rooney was the white actor who dressed up as the “typical” Asian with protruding buck teeth, squinty eyes, and large framed glasses. He acted as Americans believed most Asians acted in that they were dumb and careless (Breakfast at Tiffanys). Bruce Lee brought about a new perspective through his portrayal of a warrior that showed no fear in the face of tremendous odds. In all his movies, Lee acted as a cocky and compassionate fighter who fought for justice. The handsome features that Lee possessed changed the conventional appearance that Americans used to portray Asians. The fact that Lees image lived on for decades onwards showed that Asians had become more integrated into American society. Lee paved the way for future Asian martial artists such as Jackie Chan and Jet Li who wanted to take part in the American movie industry.II. Major Contributions of Bruce Lee Bruce Lee (born Lee Jun-fan; November27, 1940 July 20, 1973) was a Chinese American Hong Kong actor, martial arts instructor, philosopher, film director, film producer, screenwriter, and founder of the Jeet Kune Do martial arts movement. He is widely considered by many commentators, critics, media and other martial artists to be the most influential martial artist of the 20th century, and one of the biggest pop culture icons. He is often credited with changing the way Asians were presented in American films.Lee was born in San Francisco to parents of Hong Kong heritage but was raised in Hong Kong until his late teens. Lee returned to the United States at the age of 18 to claim his U.S. citizenship and receive his higher education. It was during this time that he began teaching martial arts, which soon led to film and television roles.His Hong Kong and Hollywood-produced films elevated the traditional Hong Kong martial arts film to a new level of popularity and acclaim, and sparked a major surge of interest in Chinese martial arts in the West in the 1970s. The direction and tone of his films changed and influenced martial arts and martial arts films in Hong Kong and the rest of the world, as well. He is noted for his roles in five feature-length films: Lo Weis The Big Boss (1971) and Fist of Fury (1972); Way of the Dragon (1972), directed and written by Lee; Warner Brothers Enter the Dragon (1973) and The Game of Death (1978), both directed by Robert Clouse.Lee became an iconic figure known throughout the world, particularly among the Chinese, as he portrayed Chinese nationalism in his films. He initially trained in Wing Chun, but he later rejected well-defined martial art styles, favoring instead the use of techniques from various sources, in the spirit of his personal martial arts philosophy, which he dubbed Jeet Kune Do (The Way of the Intercepting Fist).III. Influence of Bruce Lee on Chinese and American Cultures It is Bruce Lee who created Jeet Kune Do and introduced the word Kong Fu into English vocabulary. However, these are not the whole of his contributions to Chinese and American cultures. He has influenced Chinese and American cultures in many other aspects, such as movie, fitness, Martial Arts and philosophy. 3.1 Influence on Movie There is on denying the fact that Bruce Lee has greatly influenced American and Chinese movie culture. Through Kong Fu movies, he became the first spreader of Chinese Kong Fu and propelled a revolution in Chinese and American movies.3.1.1 Influence on Kong Fu movieMartial Arts was a genre of movies that made its appearance in America only when Bruce Lee took the stage. Before his time, there werent many Asian Americans influencing the film industry to make martial arts a major genre (Martial Artist and Movie Star Bruce Lee). This was primarily due to the fact that not many had his type of stature and popularity in society. This popularity existed only due to Lees attempt to show Americans what he was capable of through the creation of three films in China, The Big Boss, Fists of Fury, and Way of the Dragon. All three of these were a big hit not only in China but later in Europe and America. It was with the creation of Way of the Dragon that Warner began to realize that the only way to profit from the growing martial arts genre was with the starring of Bruce Lee (Bruce Lee the celebrated life of the golden dragon). Not long after, Lee began filming Enter the Dragon with Warner and Golden Harvest. This was Lees first big-budget martial arts film in Hollywood which swept the nation in a pandemonium of wannabe martial artists (Kam, Lee Y). The movie was the number 1 at the box office during its time with a gross income of $200 millions and has remained a sensation since then, showing how it was like a reform in the film industry with the introduction of a new field by Lee. This movie is what established Lee as the pop culture figure he was and still is. He had become a warrior because of fighting and acting skills and a superstar because of all else that he did for his movies.3.1.2 Influence on movie industry A peculiar quality about Bruce Lee was that he was a perfectionist. With this type of characteristic, it was no surprise that he did not only act in movies but also helped write the script, direct the actors, and choreograph the fight scenes (The Game of Death). Bruce Lee wanted a person to understand the meaning and ideology that was being implied through the movie. He put his own touch to his movies so that the violence that took place was for a justified cause and that his views were portrayed through the actions and dialogues. Bruce Lee changed the film industry here by breaking the standard one man one role custom (Lee, Linda). Due to the success with his movies, he was even more of an idol being not only a good actor and martial artist but also a good script writer and director. However, one can see that he put the most effort towards the way in which he performed his stuntsSomething seen quite often in movies nowadays is the use of special effects to appeal to the audience. This was not the case for Bruce Lee who relied on pure skill and camera angles to make his fight scenes look real (Lee, Linda/Enter the Dragon/Game of Death). Without the use of special effects or stunt doubles, everything seemed to be more creditable in terms of realism. He also found it to be more of a satisfaction to have something authentic rather than making something with the use of technology or another person. He appealed to the people with the use of fast motion and flashy fighting moves and the flawless wielding of the nun chucks (Lee, Linda/Enter the Dragon/Game of Death). Seeing as to how special effects are used currently and were used even in the days of Bruce Lee but was avoided by Lee himself, he proved to be ahead of his time in the realism of his movies and thus can be considered to have changed the film industry. His success and reform in the film industry was a way in which he altered the American view of the Chinese.3.2 Influence on FitnessLee was renowned for his physical fitness and vigorous, dedicated fitness regimen to become as strong as he possibly could. His way of keeping fit influences large amount of Chinese and American people. 3.2.1 Influence on nutrition According to Linda Lee Cadwell, soon after he moved to the United States, Lee started to take nutrition seriously and developed an interest in healthy foods, high-protein drinks and vitamin and mineral supplements. He later concluded that in order to achieve a high-performance body, one could not fuel it with a diet of junk food, and with “the wrong fuel”, ones body would perform sluggishly or sloppily. Lee also avoided baked goods and refined flour, describing them as providing calories which did nothing for his body. Lee consumed green vegetables and fruit every day. He always preferred to eat Chinese or other Asian food because he loved the variety that it had. Some of Lees favorite Chinese dishes were beef in oyster sauce, tofu and steak and liver. He also became a heavy advocate of dietary supplements, including Vitamin C, Lecithin granules, bee pollen, Shilajit, Vitamin E, rose hips (liquid form), wheat germ oil, Acerola  C and B-Folia. Lee disliked dairy food although he felt that for building muscle he must consume milk. As a result he only ate dairy as part of cereals and protein drinks, usually using powdered milk instead of fresh milk. Lees diet included protein drinks; he always tried to consume one or two daily, but discontinued drinking them later on in his life. They typically included non-instant powdered milk which is reported to have a higher concentration of calcium than other forms of powdered milk, eggs, wheat germ, peanut butter, banana, brewers yeast for its B vitamins, and Inositol and Lecithin supplements, Linda Lee recalls Bruce Lees waist fluctuated between 26 and 28 inches (66 to 71 centimeters). “He also drank his own juice concoctions made from vegetables and fruits, apples, celery, carrots and so on, prepared in an electric blender”, she said.According to Lee, the size of portions and number of meals were just as important. He would usually consume four or five smaller meals a day rather than a couple of large meals, and would boost his metabolism by eating small healthy snacks such as fruits throughout the day. Fruit and vegetables provided him with the richest source of carbohydrates; he was particularly keen on carrots which would make up one half of the contents of the drink, with the remaining being split between the other fruits and vegetables. The reason why Lee was so keen on juicing vegetables and fruit is that he believed it allowed the body to assimilate many nutrients more easily. The enzymes in the juiced vegetables acts as organic catalysts which increase the metabolism and absorption of nutrients. Given that most of these enzymes are destroyed when vegetables are cooked, Lee would try to consume them raw. Lee often consumed a drink of royal jelly and ginseng as they contain B-complex vitamins, including a high concentration of vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) and vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), acetylcholine, hormones, and eighteen amino acids which allow for a quick energy boost. In traditional Chinese medicine, ginseng is also said to improve circulation, increase blood supply, and allow quicker recovery times after exhaustion and stimulating the body. In addition, Lee regularly drank black tea, often with honey or with milk and sugar. Lee devoted his entire life to perfecting his techniques and constantly striving to be better. With this mindset, it was no surprise that Lee exercised as if it were a job. He struggled to carve a body that would maintain his speed and strength. His daily workout routine consisted of cardio, core, and weight training through the use of his home made equipment. Bruce was well known for his sculpted abs and “treetop” back. The way in which Bruce created his body was no doubt through an extensive workout regiment but it also consisted of digesting large amounts of pure protein shakes. The protein shake he created for himself was filled with raw meat, raw eggs, vitamin supplements, and other ingredients to boost taste (Lee, Linda). In the later years, one can see that people began to have similar ideals as to what was seen as a strong physique and this was primarily due to Lees influence.3.2.2 The influence on body-buildingLee introduced something new to the bodybuilding society. Instead of being massive and built, he was rather defined and slim. He revolutionized body building in the fact that he introduced the idea