英语本科毕业论文中国和西方的酒文化.doc

本科毕业论文 中国和西方的酒文化学生姓名： 学生学号： 200210206109 院（系）： 外国语学院 年级专业： 2003级英语本科4班 指导教师： 二七年五月The Wine Culture Between China and Western CountriesYuan XiaUnder the Supervision ofChen JianghongSchool of Foreign Languages and CulturesPanzhihua UniversityMay 2007ContentsAbstractIKey WordsI摘要.关键词Introduction.1I . The Differences and Similarities of Wine Culture.3 A.The Differences of Wine Culture.3 1. The Materials3 2. The Major Holiday Drinking Customs.8 B.The Similarities of Wine Culture.91. Having a Beautiful Legend about the Origin of the Wine.92. The Wine is a Kind of Cultural Symbolism of Wine Spirit.103. The Development of the Mainstream and Beliefs.11II .The Way to Promote Intercommunication.12A. Launching International Communication Conference.12B. Setting the Suitable Rules.12C. Innovation.12Conclusion.15Acknowledgements.16Bibliography.17AbstractThe wine，which plays an important role in the daily life, is familiar to human beings. Peoples life becomes colorful with it. As regards the wine culture, there exists difference between China and the western countries. The raw material and drinking custom is different in terms of geography. There also exist similarities. Both China and western countries have some beautiful legends about the origin of wine and the symbol wine of spirit, leading to the birth of romanticism and the development of mainstream belief. The development of world wine culture depends on the intercommunication of different nations. Thus, communicating with other nations is helpful and indispensable to the development of wine culture. Three methods can be done to promote intercommunication. Nowadays, as we know, globalization is inevitable, so is the intercommunication of wine culture between countries.Key WordsWine culture; cultural difference; habit of drinking摘要我们对于酒是非常熟悉的，酒在人们的日常生活中起着不可替代的作用，有了它人们的生活变的多姿多彩。关于酒文化，中国和西方存在着差异。酿酒的原料和喝酒的习俗根据地理位置的不同而不同的。尽管存在着差异，相似处也是有的。中国和西方都有一些关于酒的起源的美丽传说；世界文化现象有着惊人的相似之处，酒已不仅仅是一种客观物质存在，而是一种文化象征，即酒神精神的象征；都导致了浪漫主义的诞生和主流信仰的发展。酒文化的发展离不开各国的交流。和其它国家的交流对酒文化的发展是有利的，也是比不可少的。有三种方法可以增加国际间的交流。众所周知，现在全球化是不可避免的趋势，国际间文化交流也会成为全球化。关键词酒文化；文化差异；饮酒习惯IntroductionThe wine as an objective substance in the world is in the shape of water but it has the character of fire. It will brighten the bright and fool the fool. People, such as the emperors, the heroes, the liberators, the ordinary people, the beggars and the like, all like it since it appeared. Undoubtedly, the wine can be said as a riddle. People no matter in China or in western countries all have the habit of drinking wine. They regard drinking wine as an indispensable part of life. The formation way of wine culture is different in different countries. In China, the word for alcohol "jiu” is used to refer to all types of alcoholic beverages. Since long time ago China had have the stories about Du Kang who invented the method of brewing wine. A legend in western countries about the origin of wine is also spread. The wine culture was gradually formed after the appearing of wine. The phrase "the wine culture" is put forward by the renowned economist professor Li in China. In 1994, Xiao jiacheng said that the wine culture referred to the integration of material, technical, spiritual, custom, psychological, and behavior phenomenon which generated around the center. While we pride ourselves on the long history of wine culture we only to find that we depend excessively on the traditional wine culture .As a result we can not make any innovation.There is no development and progress without innovation. In this case, we can learn from the western countries. There are varied types of wine with different raw materials, such as Gin, Whisky, Vodka, Rum, and Brandy. Even the cocktail which appeared later is confected based on some types of the wine. It is generally acknowledged that China is far away from the western countries. As a result, the way to drink is different. Even in China, there is also some difference between nationalities on the way to drink. There is also some similarities of wine culture between China and western countries although the difference exists. For example, both China and western countries have a beautiful legend about the origin of wine. The development of wine spirit accompanied with wine culture. While wine culture developed to a certain degree, schools of ideology came into being. In order to push the development of wine culture we should do our utmost to promote the international communication of the wine culture.IThe Difference and Similarities of Wine Culture in China and in Western CountriesA. The Difference of Wine Culture1. The Materials  China is one of the three ancient countries in the world and has thousands of years of history to brew wine. Today, China is also famous for its masterly technology and distinctive style of wine and is more renowned for the long history and profound culture. The world people gradually realized the great value of wine culture of China as the rapid development of Chinese wine since the foundation of China. In China, the word for alcohol "jiu" is used to mean all types of alcoholic beverages, from "pijiu"(beer) to liquors (just called "jiu") to grape wine ("putaojiu"). The origins of the alcoholic beverages from fermented grain in China can not be traced definitely. The distilled drink was not popular until the 19th century. Traditionally, Chinese distilled liquors are consumed together with food rather than drunk on their own. The wine can be generally classified into two types, namely, yellow liquors (huangjiu) or clear (white) liquor (baijiu). The yellow liquor is fermented wine that is brewed directly from grains such as rice or wheat. Such liquor contains less than 20% alcohol due to the inhibition of fermentation by ethanol at this concentration. This wine is traditionally pasteurized，aged, and filtered before their final bottling for sale to consumers. Yellow liquor can also be distilled to produce white liquor or baijiu. White liquor (baijiu) are also commonly called shaojiu, which means "hot liquor" or "burned liquor", either because of the burning sensation in the mouth during consumption and the fact that they are usually warmed before being consumed, or because of the heating requirements for distillation liquors of this type typically contain more than 30% alcohol in volume since they have undergone distillation. There are a great many varieties of distilled liquors, both unflavored and flavored. There are a large number of types of famous Chinese liquors and wines familiar to us, such as:1.1. Feng Jiu- this wine was dated back to Northern and Southern Dynasties (5500 A.D.). It is the original Chinese white wine made from sorghum. Alcohol content by volume: 63-65%.1.2. Zhu Ye Qing Jiu- this wine is Fen Jiu brewed with a dozen or more of selected Chinese herbal medicine. One of the ingredients is bamboo leaves which give the wine a greenish color and its name. Alcohol content by volume: 46%.1.3. Mao Tai Jiu- this wine has a production history of over 200 years. It is named after its origin at Mao Tai town in Guizhou province. It is made from wheat and sorghum with a unique distilling process that involves seven iterations of the brewing cycle. This wine is famous to the western world when the Chinese government served this in state banquets entertaining the US presidents. Alcohol content by volume: 54-55%.1.4. Gao Liang Jiu- Gao LIang is the Chinese name for sorghum. Besides sorghum, the brewing process also use barley, wheat etc. The wine was originated from Da Zhi Gu since the Ming Dynasty. Nowadays, Taiwan is a large producer of sorghum. Alcohol content by volume: 61-63%. Mei Gui Lu Jiu(rose essence wine)-a variety of sorghum with distilling from a special species of rose and crystal sugar. Alcohol content by volume: 54-55%.1.5. Wu Jia Pi Jiu- a variety of guo liang jiu with a unique selection of Chinese herbal medicine added to the brewing. Alcohol content by volume: 54-55%.1.6. Da Gu Jiu- originated from Sichuan province with 300 years of history. This wine is made of sorghum and wheat by fermenting in a unique process for a long period in the cellar. Alcohol content by volume: 52%.1.7. Yuk Bing Shiu Jiu- a rice wine with over 100 years history. It is made of steamed rice and stored a long period after distillation. Alcohol content by volume: 30%.1.8. Shuang Jing(double distillation) and San Jing(triple distillation) Jiu-two varieties of rice wine by distilling twice and three times respectively. Alcohol content by volume: 32% and 38-39% respectively.San Hua(three flowers) Jiu - a rice wine made in Gui Lin with allegedly over a thousand years history. It is famous for the fragrant herbal addition and the use of spring water from Mount Elephant in the region. Alcohol content by volume: 55-57%.1.9. Fujian Glutinous Rice Wine- made by adding a long list of expensive Chinese herbal medicine to glutinous rice and a low alcohol rice wine distillation. The unique brewing technique uses another wine as raw material. The wine has an orange red color. Alcohol content by volume: 18%.1.10. Hua Diao Jiu- a type of yellow wine originates from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. It is made of glutinous rice and wheat. Alcohol content by volume: 16%.This is the raw material of wine in China. In western countries, the types of wine are varied so is the raw materialQinjiu(Gin), the first action of a special purpose for the spirits. Sylvius Docter, maker of this wine, was a professor of medicine well known in the Netherlands to Dayton University in the 17th century. He knew that the oil of Cadinene strawberry contained an element of diuretic which together with pure ethanol distillation to obtain cheaper diuretic drugs, and he succeeded finally. Not only medicine but it is a new species of wine.Qinjiu Types: The unique and different formula of Qinjiu used by the distillery. Qinijiu can be divided into 4 types according to brands, types, production.Netherlands Qinjiu(Holland) or (Dutch Gin), the taste is sweet accompanied with hot no matter it is pure to drink or to drink plus some ice. The two cases are both very tasty. It is basically made from malt. The flavor came from strawberry. It adds ice and a piece of lemon which is the best alternative of dry Martini.London Qinjiu(Tom Gin) or (London Gin): The sweet London Qinjiu is made with malt and grain as raw materials and primary products.Joseph Bournemouth Qinjiu: It is similar to London Qinjiu although with different flavor.British Qinijiu: This wine is not sweet and has not the original savor. The difference British and the United States is an important factor. The British Qinjiu has lower alcohol after distillation but it retains more grain characteristics of loe alcohol distillation. Secondly, the water, of course, Britain and the United States are different. Which mutually affect the characteristics of the technique and distilled spirits.WhiskyThe Characteristics of Whiskey: Whiskey is made from the smashed fermentation and distillation of grains and then placed into a barrel. Although any cereal can be used to brew whiskey, the most important materials are corn, hushed wheat, and barley.The Origin of Whiskey: At present, four major producing areas, namely, Scotland, Ireland, Canada and the United States. Most of these areas have produced whiskey named its origin in addition to Bourbon whisky and the United States blending whisky(Blended Scotch) and Light customers(Scotch whiskey) The Types Whiskey: Scotch whisky, Single malt whiskey, Irish whiskey, Tennessee whiskey, Canadian whiskeyBrandyBrandy's Character: Brandy is a mixture of fermentation and distillation of fruit juice and residue. Distilled alcohol content is less than 95% in order to retain its flavor and aromatic character."Cognac" Brandy: Cognac is a kind of Brandy wine distilled from wine in Cognac, French. It named by the French government law.  Lyme wine (Rum): Islands of west Indies is the home of Rum wine where is abound in sugarcane. Rum is the first three words of Rum bullion which means excitement. Rum is distilled wine made from sugarcane as the raw material. It is different for the difference of producing area and the way to make it. It can be divided into three types according to the tint. It is one of the basic wines in confecting cocktail.The Origin of Rum: The producing area is mainly in the place where people speak Spanish and English, such as Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and Java along the East Indies. Puerto Rico Rum (Puerto Rico) which is famous for its light wine.Demerara Rum rather than Jamaica sales a large amount to the United States.Batavian Run (Batavian) is spicy Java Lime liquor. It is special because of the special flavor of honey, water, and the rice added to it to ferment.Hawaiian Rum (Hawaii) is the lightest available wine in the market which is made lately. It is the best beverages with orange juice. With ice and quinine water, Rum is the best beverages in the hot days.At present, ordinary Chinese people have always just used alcohol to help them celebrate the happiness in their lives. In China, a banquet known as "jiuxi" means an alcohol banquet and the life of every person, from birth to death, should have pauses for drinking banquets starting a month or 100 days after a baby's birth when the parents invite people in for a drink. When someone builds a new house, marries, starts a business, makes a fortune or lives a long life, he should invite people in for a drinking session. In modern times it is a pity that the games that go with drink are not the elegant ones of the past that involved poetry or music. Today, drinkers just play simple finger guessing games along with a lot of heavy drinking. It also seems today that friendship depends only on the volume of drink being consumed. "If we are good friends, then bottom up; if not, then just take a sip" is a common phrased exchanged during gatherings. As we know, China has 56 nationalities and a wide range of territory. There is varied drinking custom for different nationalities. Korean "aged wine"The wine is brewing before "Rosh Hashanah" which is equal to the New Year of Han people. Rice is the main material of aged wine with the mixture of Ballad, Salamanders and