结构化程序设计毕业论文外文翻译.doc

附 录译文1 Structured Programming MethodStructured programming method:1. Top-down2. Gradually thinning3. Modular design4. Structured codingStructural design process from Dykstra (E. W. Dijkstra) in 1969 suggested that a modular design for the center. The development of the software system is divided into several independent modules, such a module to complete the work of each variable Simple and clear, it will give some of the larger design software a good foundation.As modules are independent, so we designed one module, other modules will not be involved, thus the original more complex issue of the SR modules for a range of simple design. Modules for the independence of the expansion of existing systems, the establishment of the new system bring a lot of convenience. These existing modules can act as the base.In accordance with the structure of the program design point of view, any algorithm functions can be adopted by the process modules of the three basic structure of the portfolio process: the order structure, the selection structure and the circulation structure.Structured program design is the basic idea of a “top-down, gradually refining” the program design methods and the “single entrance-exit” of the control structure. Top-down, gradually refining the design process from the issue itself, through progressive refinement, the steps will divide the problem the basic process of decomposition modules diagram of the structure of the process; “single entrance-exit” the ideological that a complex procedure, if it is only by the order, three basic choices and cycle through the process of composition, a nest, then the procedures of this new structure must be a single export-import procedures. Accordingly it is easy to prepare well structured and easy to debug procedures.结构化程序设计结构化程序设计方法包括四个部分：1、自顶向下2、逐步细化3、模块化设计4、结构化编码结构化程序设计由迪克斯特拉（E. W. Dijkstra）在1969年提出，是以模块化设计为中心，将待开发的软件系统划分为若干个相互独立的模块，这样使完成每一个模块的工作变单纯而明确，为设计一些较大的软件打下了良好的基础。由于模块相互独立，因此在设计其中一个模块时，不会受到其它模块的牵连，因而可将原来较为复杂的问题化简为一系列简单模块的设计。模块的独立性还为扩充已有的系统、建立新系统带来了不少的方便，因为我们可以充分利用现有的模块作积木式的扩展。按照结构化程序设计的观点，任何算法功能都可以通过由程序模块组成的三种基本程序结构的组合：顺序结构、选择结构和循环结构来实现。结构化程序设计的基本思想是采用“自顶向下，逐步求精”的程序设计方法和“单入口单出口”的控制结构。自顶向下、逐步求精的程序设计方法从问题本身开始，经过逐步细化，将解决问题的步骤分解为由基本程序结构模块组成的结构化程序框图；“单入口单出口”的思想认为一个复杂的程序，如果它仅是由顺序、选择和循环三种基本程序结构通过组合、嵌套构成，那么这个新构造的程序一定是一个单入口单出口的程序。据此就很容易编写出结构良好、易于调试的程序来。待添加的隐藏文字内容2译文2 Program Designing MethodProgramming is a method to study the subject, it is not only the study of the various specific ways, but also focusing on specific ways in common, the overall situation involving a standardized approach, and these methods showed that the background and theoretical foundation. Another meaning is the system is for a particular area or a certain area of a particular type of problem, and it is the use of a set of specific procedures.As a subject (the first meaning), the programming method can give the program designers the specific procedures for design guide, but the specific programming method will affect the quality of the procedure designed by the designer. Therefore, the programming method of research is very important. As complete and specific programming meaning, such as the logic of programming methodology, functional process design methodology, target-style design methodology, and other procedures. They have their own advantages and disadvantages, with specific areas, specific issues and the specific environment-related. Program design methodology goal is to design a reliable and easy to read and reasonable price for the procedure. Program design methodologies, including procedures theory, developed technology to support environmental, engineering standards and design topics such as automatic procedures and make the design process more scientific and engineering. The basic elements are: structural design process; procedures in the process of designing the application of technology and technical specifications and change. Theory and procedures for program design methodology is closely related to the development, it has enriched the thinking process, a process designed to promote technology development. Program design methodology and software also works closely related. The methodology can guide software development and maintenance. Software engineering design requires standardized procedures, the establishment of new principles and techniques. And a new method for the emergence also calls for the corresponding norms. Methods and tools are the same two sides of the issue. The research tools based on a methodology， tools and the successful development would affect the design process. Program design methodology involves procedures derived, comprehensive procedures, procedures for design automation research, with program design, distributed programming, functional programming, semantics, logic, the formal specifications and axiomatic system.程序设计方法一种是以程序设计方法为研究对象的学科，它不仅研究各种具体的方法，而且着重研究各种具体方法的共性，涉及规范的全局性方法，以及这些方法的显示背景和理论基础；另外一种含义是针对某一领域或某一领域的一类特定问题，所用的一整套特定程序设计方法所构成的体系。作为一门学科（第一种含义），程序设计方法学可对程序设计人员选用具体的程序设计方法起指导作用，而具体的程序设计方法对程序设计工作的质量以及所设计出大程序的质量影响巨大。因此，对程序设计方法学的研究是非常重要的。作为一套完整特定的程序设计方法所构成的体系（第二种含义），如逻辑式程序设计方法学、函数式程序设计方法学、对象式程序设计方法学等。它们有各自的利弊得失、与具体领域，具体问题以及具体环境相关。程序设计方法学的目标是能设计出可靠、易读而且代价合理的程序。程序设计方法学包括程序理论、研制技术、支援环境、工程规范和自动程序设计等课题，使程序设计更加科学化和工程化。其基本内容是：结构程序设计，程序理论在程序设计技术中的应用，以及规格说明和变换技术。程序理论与程序设计方法学的发展密切相关，它丰富了程序人员的思维方法，促进了程序设计技术的发展。程序设计方法学也与软件工程关系密切。方法学对软件的研制和维护起指导作用。软件工程要求程序设计规范化，建立新的原则和技术。而一种新的方法的出现，又要求制订出相应的规范。方法和工具是同一问题的两个侧面。工具的研究以方法学为基础，而工具的研制成功又会影响程序设计。程序设计方法学还涉及程序推导、程序综合、程序设计自动化研究、并发程序设计、分布式程序设计、函数式程序设计、语义学、程序逻辑、形式化规格说明和公理化系统等课题。