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    毕业论文家用电器定时器设计17783.doc

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    毕业论文家用电器定时器设计17783.doc

    安徽工贸职业技术学毕业设计(论文)专业: 电子信息工程技术(2)班学生姓名: 黄从彩指导教师: 蒋静瑚完成时间: 2011年3月18日 家用电器定时器 目 录序论II第一章 家用电器的优点及运用11.1、定时器的优点11.2 定时器的应用1第二章 定时器的组成及功能2第三章 方案论证33.1、方案论证一33.2 方案论证二5第四章 电路设计与论证64.1、显示电路64.1.1、CD451164.1.2、ULN200374.2、控制电路74.3、复位电路84.4、报警电路8第五章 软硬件系统的调试105.1、硬件调试105.2 软件调试11附件:12参考文献:13致谢14序 论来实现定时功能的,电路组成:一般分为控制电路、复位电路、键盘显示电路、报警电路,但并不是所有的定时器都与显示功能,其他许多的家用电器也并没有报警功能,都是到时自动关闭,。现在的定时器开始逐步实现智能化,定时器可以用来实现遥控定时,语音定时,也可以延时定时,循环定时等。今年来随着计算机在社会领域的渗透,单片机的应用正在不断的走向深入,同时带动定时器日新月异。我们在日常生活中,经常碰到一些需要定时器的事情,凡是需要定时器的地方都会有单片机的身影。单片机的应用有利于产品的小型化、多功能化和智能化,有利于提高劳动效率,减轻劳动强度,提高产品质量,改善劳动环境,减少能源和材料的浪费,保证安全等等。现在市场上出现的定时器种类很多,包括555这样的集成芯片定时器,还有可编程定时器,在电子信息技术飞速发展的过程中,单片机的应用也越来越普遍,电子这个原本没有生命的东西越来越具有智慧了,而单片机在这里充当着“大脑”的作用,指挥着系统完成其工作以及在各种电器上使用的电子定时器,实现定时功能方法很多,例如机械定时器就是通过发条带动齿轮驱动带傲槽的圆形动触头控制盘转动,控制电源触点的通断。第一章 家用电器的优点及运用1.1、定时器的优点定时器在家用电器领域的应用主要是为了节省能源和增加使用寿命。具体如下:(1) 减少不必要的用电时间。(2) 自动控制,能完成许多我们以前做而做不到的事情,省心省力省时间。(3) 避免因忘记关掉电器电源而发生不必要的安全事故。(4) 对电器通电时间科学管理,大幅度提高充电电池及各种电器的使用寿命。(5) 一个定时器可以在充电、做饭、定时等不同场合使用,操作简便,一机多用。1.2 定时器的应用(1) 出门、上班时定时热水器快捷、方便经常出门或者每天下班回来,这时一回来就想洗澡,如果一直开着热水器会不停的加热,既不安全有费电,有了用定时器制作的开关,想它几点加热都可以办到,可以按照自己的意愿去实现。(2) 电饭煲定时煮饭、煲汤方便、省时间出门前淘好米、洗好菜,累了一天回来,尽管精皮力尽也有饭可吃。(3) 定时开关饮水机省钱、安全、健康众所周知,饮用水加热六个小时就会产生致癌物质,定时开关是最好的解决方案。既安全又省电。(4) 电动车定时充电省电池电动车充电时设定时间,想充多久就充多久,不会过充,可以延长电池使用寿命,避免浪费。第二章 定时器的组成及功能家用电器定时器主要由静态显示电路、动态显示电路、键盘、最小系统电路和报警电路组成,但并不是所有的定时器都有显示系统和报警系统,也有一部分家用电器没有报警功能,都是一些自动定时到一定时间能自动关闭电源,传统的定时器要通过按键输入定时的,而随着发展,定时器的应用也越来越广泛,各种智能化性能也开始逐步发展。第三章 方案论证3.1、方案论证一方案论证一是由555电路作时基电路组成的循环定时控制器。由555电路输出的时基信号,通过数字电路的分频,可取得多级定时控制输出。通过与继电器的相互配合,组成可欲置开机,预制关机的自动循环定时控制器。采用555定时器进行定时,如图所示:由555构成的定时器电路图本方案是一个由555电路作时基电路组成的循环定时控制器,由555电路输出的时基信号通过数字电路的分频可取得多级定时控制输出。通过与继电器的相互配合组成可以预制的自动循环定时控制器。如下图所示:。555的内部结构图3.2 方案论证二80C51单片机内部设有两个16位的可编程定时器/计数器。可编程的意思是指其功能(如工作方式、定时时间、量程、启动方式等)均可由指令来确定和改变。在定时器/计数器中除了有两个16位的计数器之外,还有两个特殊功能寄存器(控制寄存器和方式寄存器)。方案二就是利用51单片机来设计编程的,采用51单片机进行定时。电路原理图如下:51单片机定时器总图本设计硬件电路要实现对交流大电流电源的控制、定时时间的设定显示和到点提醒等功能。本设计采用ATMEL公司的AT89C51单片机,芯片有10脚,性价比比较高。交流接口电路可以选择继电器控制,也可采用可控硅控制等。本设计采用的是前一种继电器控制。第四章 电路设计与论证4.1、显示电路在显示电路的设计方面有两种方案,第一种是采用LCD进行适时显示,这是比较理想的方案,第二种方案是用LED进行显示,这种方案的缺点是不能适时显示。具体如下图所示:显示电路显示电路采用6个共阴极LED数码管。为了在定时达到分的时候能显示出时钟在计时,两个数码管之间增加一个发光二极管,以其闪烁来代表秒走动;为了使硬件电路简单,采用单片机直接驱动LED数码管(AT89C2051输出口能吸收20mA电流),用动态扫描法来实现LED显示,由CD4511和ULN2003组成了显示电路中的外显与内显,下面介绍以下CD4511和ULN2003。4.1.1、CD4511本设计采用4511芯片作为外显,与LED连接,CD4511是一个用于驱动共阴极LED数码管显示器的BCD码七段译码器,共阴LED数码管是指7段LED的阴极是连在一起的,在应用中接地。他们连接后的特点如下:具有BCD转换、消隐和锁寸控制、七段译码器及驱动器功能的MOS BCD锁寸/七段译码/驱动器,引脚排列入图所示:CD4511引脚图4.1.2、ULN2003ULN22003用来做内显,在5V的工作电压下他能与TTL和COMS电路直接相连,可以直接处理原先需要标准逻辑缓冲器来处理的数据。ULN2003工作电压高,工作电流大,灌电流可达50mA,并且能够在关态时承受50V电压,输出还可以在高负载电流并行运行。ULN2003是高压大电流达林顿晶体管阵列系列产品,具有电流增益高、工作电压温度范围带负载能力强等特点,适应于各类要求高速大功率驱动的系统。4.2、控制电路控制电路是定时器运行的核心部件,起着控制定时器所有运行状态的作用,由继电器和三极管9014和其他一些器件组成,具体如下图所示:控制电路9014是NPN型三极管,发射极接地,继电器线圈一端接正电源,一端接集电极,基极接-10左右的电阻再接单片机9脚。用继电器的触头接点去控制发光管。继电器是电路中的控制器件,当输入量达到规定植时,继电器可以使被控制的输出电路导通或断开,继电器及非电量继电器的特点有:工作稳定、使用寿命长、体积小等优点。广泛应用于电力保护、自动化、运动、遥控、测量和通信等装置中。他具有控制系统(又称输入回路)和被控制系统(又称输出回路),通常应用于自动控制电路中,他实际上是用较小的电流去控制较大电流的一种“自动开关”,故在电路中起着自动调节、安全保护、转换电路等作用。4.3、复位电路无论使用那种单片机都要涉及到单片机的设计。而单片机复位电路设计的好坏,直接影响到整个系统工作的可靠性。复位电路图如下图所示:电阻R9给电容C2充电,电容的电压缓慢上升直到VCC,没到VCC时芯片复位脚近似低电平,于是芯片复位,接近VCC时芯片复位脚近似高电平,于是芯片停止复位,复位完成。单片机在启动时都需要复位,以使CPU及系统各部件处于确定的初始状态,并从初态开始工作。89系列单片机的复位信号是RST引脚输入到芯片内的施密特触发器中的。当系统处于正常工作状态时,且振荡器稳定后,如果RST引脚上有一个高电平并维持个机器周期(24个振荡周期)以上,则CPU就可以响应并将系统复位。4.4、报警电路报警电路采用普通的5V成品蜂鸣器,如下图所示:报警电路蜂鸣器的特点;损耗电流低、音量输出高、音质清晰透彻、体积小、重量轻、无电磁及射频的干扰。可以用在各式报警器蜂鸣、手机蜂鸣器、玩具蜂鸣器、各式家用电器蜂鸣器。第五章 软硬件系统的调试5.1、硬件调试MCS-51的振荡器输入分别由引脚19(XTAL1)和引脚(XTAL2)来完成。只要将这两个引脚外接有英晶体和陶瓷电容,就可与CPU内部组成完整的振荡电路。MCS-51的一个机器周期含有6个状态周期,而每个状态周期为2个振荡器周期,因此一个机器周期共有12个振荡周期。5.2 软件调试KeilC51仿真器是一款利用KeilC51的IDE集成开发环境作为仿真环境的廉价仿真器,是利用SST公司具有IAP功能的单片机SST89C58制作而成,主要是利用了SST89C58的IAF功能.调试的主要方法:(1) 启动(2) 新建一个工程,project>New project,选择我们要保存的文件夹后,键入Frist保存.直接弹出CPU类型选择框,我们选择我们最常用的AT89C51,按确定.(3) 在工程中加入文件.建一个新文件,文件菜单File > New,我们再选择:文件菜单 File >Save As。( 另寸为)弹出对话框后,我们文件名框中键入File.c(注意文件后缀名是.c),保存.c文件就好了。现在我们把文件加入到程序中,点击Target1前面的+号,右键单击Source Group1>选择Add Files to Group 。 附件:家用电器定时器原理图参考文献:1、 胡汉才,单片机原理及其接口技术,北京,清华大学出版社,2004(第二版)2、 赵德安等,单片机原理与应用,北京,机械工业出版社,20043、 赵晓安等,MCS-51单片机原理与应用,天津,天津大学出版社,2001-3第一版4、 赵亮等,单片机C语言编程与实列,北京,人民邮电出版社5、 何立民,MCS-51系列单片机应用系统设计系统配置与接口技术,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社6、 张洪润等,单片机应用技术教程,北京,清华大学出版社7、 夏继强,单片机实验与实践教程,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社,20018、 徐惠民、安德宁,单片微型计算机原理接口与应用,第一版,北京,北京9、 李叶紫,MCS-51单片机应用教程,北京,清华大学出版社10、 邹应金,51系列单片机原理与实验教程,西安,西安电子科技大学出版社11、 郝建国,单片机在电子电路设计中的应用,北京,清华大学出版社12、 万光毅,单片机实验与实践教程,北京,北京航空航天大学出版社致谢 时间如流水般飞快,不知不觉三年的大专就要画个句号了。回首过去。心情异常激动,有太多的任何事值得我记忆和留恋。首先让我以最诚挚的感谢给予我的大学辅导员崔老师,她不仅是我的老师也是我生活中的引路人,在各方面都对我以正确的方向指引到了路。尤其是对我这一阶段的论文撰写给予极大的支持帮助。在此借机我要向指导老师致以诚挚的谢意。 我还要感谢我的同班同学,我的班主任,以及给与我帮助的任何一位好心人。我的同学岳彩丽,吴倩,王满,黄从彩,杜丽霞,刘方敏,朱慧,李翠,殷奇,方琴磊,李军,陶亚飞等等对我工作学习上的帮助。 在即将毕业之际,我要感谢我的家人对我上学的支持,我要以一颗饱满的心去面对新的工作,不怕吃苦,耐得住枯燥乏味的简单工作程序,用最大的真诚来报答错有帮助过我的人。如果没有他们我可能现在已经在家面朝黄土背朝天的做农活呢,我也想千千万万打工者一样到处找临时工做呢。 自从实习我们就很少有时间上网,毕业论文是我们的最头痛的大事,非常感谢指导老师能在百忙之中抽出时间对我的论文进行指导,好多内容都是指导老师帮我从有关资料上搜集的,还把我的论文稿子检查之后才让我们寄回去。总之我要感谢我的导师,对我论文的极大帮助。感谢所有关怀,帮助,支持,引导我的人,衷心的说一句你们辛苦了。Emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you don't agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the organisations listed under Further help. Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed under Further help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haven't appealed against the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i. If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as a damages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor can't charge you more than 35% of your compensation  if you win the case.you're clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau.  To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click on nearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, see Employment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch m Cay man Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Ya ya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during City's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA."Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子;或许是追溯过去,对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒悟,这些天以来,思绪一直很凌乱,在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己似乎应该去做点什么,或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅,突然就感觉到有些事情,非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而穷尽我们的一生,又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可?During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isn't really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think don't want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already can't remember his appearance.童年时,觉得压岁钱和新衣服是过年必备,但是随着年龄的推进,会越来越发现,那些东西根本就可有可无;初中时,以为要有一场暗恋才意味着真正的成长,但三年过去后,自己心平气和的写同学录的时候,突然就发现是不是真正的成长了,好像并没有那么重要了;然后到了高中,觉得非要吐露出自己的心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一个句点,但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉,后来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场,看着他投过篮球的球框时,突然间发现自己已经想不起他的容颜。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原来,这个世界上,对某个事件能产生化学反应的,除了非做不可的坚决,还有,时间。A person's time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一个人的时候,自己的想法总是特别地清晰。想要的,不想要的,界限明确,好像没有什么可以撼动自己。也曾经好像已经下定了决心去做某件事,但更多的时候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦,最终却发现有很多缘分,有很多错过,好像冥冥之中真的已经注定。那些曾经所谓的非做不可,只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂,或者说,是自以为是的精神寄托罢了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that haven't start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻,天空是阴暗的,空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件蓝格子衬衫;那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸;那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊;还有那场还没有开始就宣告了终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可,终于和青春一样,都将在我们的人生中谢幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. We often close ourselves off when traumatic events happen in our lives; instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. We try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesnt exist, but although we can try this all we want, in the end, we cant hide from ourselves. We need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of life and let the world soften us.生活发生不幸时,我们常常会关上心门;世界不仅没能慰藉我们,反倒使我们更加消沉。我们假装一切仿佛都不曾发生,以此试图忘却伤痛,可就算隐藏得再好,最终也还是骗不了自己。既然如此,何不尝试打开心门,拥抱生活中的各种可能,让世界感化我们呢?Whenever we start to let our fears and seriousness get the best of us, we should take a step back and re-evaluate our behavior. The items listed below are six ways you can open your heart more fully and completely.当恐惧与焦虑来袭时,我们应该退后一步,重新反思自己的言行。下面六个方法有助于你更完满透彻地敞开心扉。Whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrace it instead of running away or trying to mask the hurt. When the sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it. When we run away from sadness thats unfolding in our lives, it gets stronger and more real. We take an emotion thats fleeting and make it a solid event, instead of something that passes through us.当生活中出现痛苦的事情时,别再逃跑或隐藏痛苦,试着拥抱它吧;当悲伤来袭时,试着深呼吸,然后直面它。如果我们一味逃避生活中的悲伤,悲伤只会变得更强烈更真实悲伤原本只是稍纵即逝的情绪,我们却固执地耿耿于怀By utilizing our breath we soften our experiences. If we dam them up, our lives will stagnate, but when we keep them flowing, we allow more newness and greater experiences to blossom.深呼吸能减缓我们的感受。屏住呼吸,生活停滞;呼出呼吸,更多新奇与经历又将拉开序幕。2. Embrace the uncomfortable We all know what that twinge of anxiety feels like. We know how fear feels in our bodies: the tension in our necks, the tightness in our stomachs, etc. We can practice leaning into these feelings of discomfort and let them show us where we need to go.我们都经历过焦灼的煎熬感,也都感受过恐惧造成的生理反应:脖子僵硬、胃酸翻腾。其实,我们有能力面对这些痛苦的感受,从中领悟到出路。The initial impulse is to run away to try and suppress these feelings by not acknowledging them. When we do this, we close ourselves off to the parts of our lives that we need to experience most. The next time you have this feeling of being truly uncomfortable, do yourself a favor and lean into the feeling. Act in spite of the fear.我们的第一反应总是逃避以为否认不安情绪的存在就能万事大吉,可这也恰好妨碍了我们经历最需要的生活体验。下次感到不安时,不管有多害怕,也请试着勇敢面对吧。3. Ask your heart what it wants倾听内心Were often confused at the next step to take, making pros and cons lists until our eyes bleed and our brains are sore. Instead of always taking this approach, what if we engaged a new part of ourselves that isnt usually involved in the decision making process?我们常对未来犹疑不定,反复考虑利弊直到身心俱疲。与其一味顾虑重重,不如从局外人的角度看待决策之事。From: The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weatheThe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swim

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