工程经济学概论毕业论文外文翻译.doc

The Introduction of engineering economics Abstract: Engineering Economics in foreign countries has long been perceived widely application, its theory, methods are all directional system, orderly and perfect. It tends to study macroeconomic issues, the microscopic analysis and the social benefit and the economic, environmental, policy coordination of comprehensive application of disciplines. For many years in the technical and economic analysis of water conservancy project; irrigation and drainage engineering economy; water economy; real economy estate technology; construction technology; engineering economics teaching, practice and research, the theory and method of engineering economics develop enrichment.Keywords: engineering economic; capital theory of time; value of market economy;1.1 The main difference between the economic and Technology Projec The term technology economy from the East, to the Soviet Union as the representative. The term engineering economics from the west, represented by the United states. O 7 years ago, the original technology by the basic method of economy is static analysis method (or using simple calculation), using the static economic indicators, and project economy since 1915 has put forward compounding, always use the method of dynamic analysis, the dynamic economic indicators. The fact proves technical economy is the engineering economy, and full use of dynamic analysis and dynamic economic indicators.1.2 engineering economyEngineering economy is preferably using theory, nouns, terms and methods of economics to study advanced technology, engineering technology program and feasible technology economic problems, combined with the feasibility of advanced technology and best economic harmony. Therefore, engineering economy in addition to the main research project investment and economic analysis, economic evaluation, control, decision-making theory, the relationship between coordination task also undertakes research projects of economic and social demand, ecological resources, environmental conditions, it is also the human sustainable question, is the human behavior efficiency and ideal target.1.3 The economic attribute of the subject of projectBy engineering economic meaning visible, engineering economics is a branch of economics, is the application of economic science; engineering economics is a frontier subject of natural science and social science theory, and is a basic subject of human pursuit of high quality life behavior, the developed countries have been quite perfect and popularization.1.4 The basic theory of the engineering economy1.4.1 capital time value theoryMeaning, conditions, considering the methods about the time value of money have been consistent default. Can have more than a dozen formula in calculation, but its basic formula can be attributed to a compound of formula (F = P (1 + I) n), because all the other formulas are derived from this formula, the key lies in the assumptions clearly derived before. The time value of money theory, calculation method, calculation skills is the engineering economy the most basic theory, methods, skills and core content.1.4.2 market economic theory (consciousness)Here is more emphasized the theory of market economy (consciousness) and the relationship between the time value of money theory, popular to say both as green leaves with red. The market is, money, resources, ecology, the coordinated development of the center, not by man's subjective will transfer, and to obey the law of economic and financial law of nature as a whole; the market economy theory (consciousness) is the time value of fund into full play, the sufficient and necessary condition of full use. The time value of fund is the objective economic regulation, not by human subjective admit it or not and, therefore, should be deeply studied, the conscious application. However, in the receiving, learning, research and application of capital time value theory must have the market economy theory of consciousness.1.5 basic methods of engineering economyEconomic books project economic and technical books and different materials have different extraction and classification. Different economic issues should and can adopt different engineering economic analysis method; the same problem also should and can be used in many engineering economic analysis method, so we can see that many engineering economic analysis method, but also accompanied by many engineering technical and economic problems. In fact, the basic method of the engineering economy only two categories, the static and dynamic difference. The static method does not begin with the engineering economy, therefore, the basic method of engineering economy method can be attributed to consider the time value of money (which is called dynamic method). The fact proves that the static index of the original account of capital time value can be obtained after the index, dynamic contrast, dynamic method is not a static method considering the time value of money can be obtained with the same name. The fact is that the true master of the time value of money theory, calculation methods and skills of the people, it is possible to analyze a project technical and economic problems. On many issues, economic analysis, the project scheme can also be divided into two categories. It is emphasized in this paper, basic theories and methods, although the concentration to a content, but not means learning the discipline specialized learning of this content can obtain the content of "theory of knowledge", because the knowledge engineering economy involves is very wide, especially can be applied in a broader, more wide, basic theory and method of this paper to elaborate engineering economy extension.1.6 The basic theory and method of the engineering economy extension.1) from the engineering economy function and applicability, technology and engineering economy can be applied to any industry, applied to all departments, units, enterprise management and family. However, different industry (Professional) should be used in engineering economy theory, at the same time, should have the basic theory and the technical unique method. Such as chemical industry, agriculture, medicine, industry and civil construction, water conservancy engineering and so on, should first have the basic theory, the professional and industry standards, norms and regulations as well as the professional "engineering economic characteristics" theory.2) from the engineering economics is economics branch, master, application of engineering economy, must grasp the macroscopic, microcosmic economy some basic theories and methods, should be familiar with tax and other aspects of the basic theory, system, policy and regulations.3) from the engineering economy is the interdisciplinary integration of natural science and social science, in the grasp, understand engineering economy, must have basic knowledge and methods of probability and statistics, the higher mathematics, operational research, as well as the profound understanding and the responsibility of social responsibility.1.7 SummaryIn fact, engineering economy is a door and technology, economic, social, ecological, human beings are closely related about interdisciplinary; is a comprehensive, practical, advanced subject can develop new thinking; where there is technology, where there is human; where there is human, there is economic, market, there is economic, because the engineering economy is with comprehensive point of view, the qualitative method, quantitative analysis of a combination of technology, the economic effect analysis of economic behavior, complex, explore the way along different directions, optimization, management decision-making behavior or specific measures, therefore, engineering economy is a modern science, technology in the modern economy, the theory and practice of highly linked to a door must master the subject. A basic rule of human in practice is to obtain the results of large labor with less consumption of labor, the development of human society is the economic development, economic development is based on technology progress, take all consumption, wealth, and natural resources of any technology, engineering economy is the study of how to effectively the use of technology, resources to promote economic growth and scientific, can be said to be the natural law and the economic law consciousness "coordinator". Therefore, engineering economy any students of any university, it has practical and far-reaching significance and any qualified citizens. 工程经济学概论 摘要：工程经济在国外早已被广泛的自觉应用，其理论.方法等也皆趋向系统. 有序和完善。它趋向研究宏观经济问题.微观分析和社会效益及经济. 环境. 政策相协调的综合应用学科。多年来在水利工程技术经济分析；排灌工程经济；水利经济；房地产技术经济；建筑工程技术经济；工程经济等的教学.实践和研 究中，浓缩出的工程经济学的理论和方法。 关键词：工程经济; 资金时间价值; 市场经济理论;11 工程经济和技术经济的主要区别技术经济一词来自东方，以原苏 联为代表。工程经济一词来自西方， 以美国为代表。7 O 年代前，原技术经 济中基本方法多为静态分析方法( 或采 用单利计算) ，采用静态经济指标，而 工程经济自1 9 1 5 年就提出了复利计算， 一向用动态分析方法，采用动态经济 指标。如今事实证明技术经济就是工 程经济，并全用动态分析方法和动态 经济指标了。 12工程经济的含义 工程经济是运用经济学中的理论. 名词. 术语及方法研究技术先进.工程 技术方案的优选及可行的技术本身的经 济效果问题，以使先进的可行技术和最 佳的经济融洽的结合。因此，工程经济 除了主要研究工程投资的经济分析.经 济评价.控制.决策等理论外，还担负 了研究工程经济和社会需求.生态资 源.环境条件等之间关系的协调任务， 这也是人类永续的话题，更是人类行为 的宗旨和理想的目标。 13工程经济学科属性由工程经济的含义可见，工程经济学是经济学中的分支，是应用经济 学；工程经济学是自然科学和社会科 学相融的边缘学科，而且是人类追求 高质量生活行为的基础学科，发达国 家已相当完善和普及。 14工程经济的基本理论 141资金时间价值理论 关于资金时间价值的含义.条件. 考虑方法等问题都已被一致默认。在 进行等值计算时可有十多个公式，但 其基本公式可以归结为一个复利终值 公式( F = P ( 1 + I ) n ) ，因为其他所有公式都 是由此公式推导出来的，关键在于清 楚推导前的假设条件。 资金时间价值理论.等值计算方 法.计算技能是工程经济的最基本的 理论.方法.技能和核心内容。 142市场经济理论( 意识) 待添加的隐藏文字内容2这里更强调的是市场经济理论( 意 识) 和资金时间价值理论间的关系，通 俗地说两者如同绿叶和红花。市场是 人.物.财.生态.资源协调发展的 中心，不按人的主观意志转移，而能 自觉遵守客观的经济规律并融自然规 律为一体；市场经济理论( 意识) 是资金 时间价值理论得以充分发挥.充分应 用的充分和必要条件。资金时间价值 理论是客观的经济规律，不是由人主 观承认和否而决定的，因此，应该深 入地研究，自觉地应用。然而，在接 受.学习.研究和运用资金时间价值 理论时一定要有市场经济理论意识。 1.5工程经济的基本方法 不同的工程经济和技术经济类书 籍和教材有不同的提法和分类。不同 的经济问题应当并可以采用不同的工 程经济分析方法；同一问题也应该并 可以用许多工程经济分析方法，因此可以见到许许多多工程技术经济分析方法，同时也伴随着许许多多的工程技术经济问题。其实，工程技术经济的基本方法仅有两大类，静态和动态之分。其中静态方法并不始于工程经济，因此，工程经济中的基本方法可归结到考虑资金时间价值的方法( 即称动态方法) 。事实证明将原有的静态指标考虑资金时间价值后即可得到动态的同名指标，相反，动态的方法不予考虑资金时间价值后便可得到同名的静态方法。事实还可证明真正掌握了资金时间价值理论.计算方法和技能的人，是有可能进行某工程技术经济问题分析的。对进行经济分析的许多问题.项目.方案也可归纳为两大类。需要强调的是在此提出了基本理论.基本方法虽然浓缩到了一个内容，但绝非指学习本学科时专门学习这一内容就能获得这一内容 “ 知识理论方法”的，因为工程经济涉及的知识面很广，尤其是可应用的面更宽.更广，为此本文须阐述工程经济外延的基本理论和方法。 1. 6 工程经济外延的基本理论和方法 1 ) 从工程经济的功能及适用性看，工程经济能应用于任何行业的技术和工程，应用于一切部门.单位.企业 管理乃至家庭。然而不同行业( 专业) 应 用工程经济理论.方法的同时，应该 具备各行业技术独有的基本理论和方 法。如化工.农业.药业.工业和民 用建筑.水利工程等专业等等，应首 先具备本专业的基本理论.方法及其 行业标准.规范和规定以及本专业的 “ 工程经济特色”理论。 2 ) 从工程经济是经济学分支的属 性看，掌握.应用工程经济时，必须掌握一定的宏观.微观经济的基本理 论和方法，应该熟悉财税等方面的基 本理论.制度.政策及规定等。 3 ) 从工程经济是自然科学和社会 科学相融的边缘学科看，在掌握.理 解工程经济时，必须具备一定的概率 和统计.高等数学.运筹学等方面的 基本知识和方法，以及对社会的深刻认识和责任感等。 1.7 总结 事实表明，工程经济是一门和技术.经济.社会.人类.生态都密切 相关约边缘学科；是一门综合性强.应用性强，能开发新思维的先进学科；哪里有技术，哪里就有人类；哪里有 人类，哪里就有经济.有市场，哪里 就有工程经济，因为工程经济是用综 合的观点，定性.定量分析相结合的方法，分析技术的经济效果，分析错 综复杂的经济行为，探求沿不同方向. 途径优化.管理决策行为或具体措施， 因此，工程经济是现代科学.技术.现代经济中理论和实践高度联系的一门必须掌握的学科。人类在实践中的一条基本规律是以较少的劳动消耗获得较大的劳动成果，人类社会的发展是经济发展，经济发展建立在技术进步的基础上，任何技术的取用都消耗人.财.物和自然资源，工程经济恰恰是研究如何有效的利用技术.资源促进经济增长的科学，可以说是自然规律和经济规律的自觉 “ 协调器” 。因此，工程经济对任何院校的任何专业学生，乃至任何有素质的公民都具有现实的作用和深远的意义。