初中限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句课件.ppt

Revision of,Non-restrictive Attributive,Clauses,Grammar,Finish the following sentences.,1.He has two sons _ work in the same place.,2.He has two sons,_ work in the same place.,3.They gave up the plan _ they worked,out yesterday.,4.They gave up the plan,_ was a very good,one.,who,who,that/which,which,1.,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,:,限制性定语从句,:,所谓限制性定语从句就是先,行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主,句就会失去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和,先行词的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号和主句,分开。,非限制性定语从句,:,非限制性定语从句,和主句的关系并不十分密切,只是对先,行词做些附加说明,如果去掉,主句的意,思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往,用逗号隔开。在讲话时语调上须停顿。,一般不用,that,引导。,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别,1.,A.This is the place,where I lived ten,2.,years ago,.,B.She is going to spend the winter,holiday in Macao,which returned to,China in 1999,.,2.A.He is a man,who I can ask for help.,B.His father,who works in Beijing,came back yesterday.,一、限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，,如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非,限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，,如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。,Teachers who are kind are popular with,the students.,Mr Wang,who is kind,is popular with the,students,.,分析两种定语从句省略后的结果,The town where I live is beautiful.,Kenli,where I live,is beautiful.,限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明,确，所以不能省略。,All the magazines here,which have beautiful,pictures in them,were written by him.,里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。,All the magazines here,which have beautiful,pictures in them,were written by him.,所有的杂志都是他写的,里面都有漂亮的图,画。,二、,有时同一个限制性从句变为非,限制性从句会改变全句的意思。,（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）,（杂志只有一种）,His father,who works in Beijing,came back yesterday.,三、,当先行词是地名人名、世界,上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员,时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。,Shanghai,which is in the east of China,is developing rapidly.,五、,非限制性定语从句和单句的比较,1.He failed in the exam,.,_ made his,parents angry.,2.He failed in the exam,_made his,parents angry.,3.He has two sons,.,Both of _ are,teachers.,4.He has two sons,both of _ are,teachers.,This,which,whom,them,非限制性定语从句中的一些问题：,a.,非限制性定语从句中,指物时,用,which,而,不用,that,。,Football,which,is a very interesting,game,is played all over the world.,All the books there,which,have,beautiful pictures in them,were written,by him.,Tips,b.,指人时主格用,who,宾格用,whom,物,主格用,whose(,也可指物,),。,Miss Howe,whom,you met in the,library,is our new teacher.,The Arabs,who,are famous for their,horses and camels,use these,animals for work and in sports.,Li Ming,whose,mother has been ill,for two days,is absent from school,today.,c.,另外关系副词,when(,指时间,),where,(,指地点,),也可以引导非限制性定语从,句,(,注意关系副词,why,不能引导非限制,性定语从句，要用,for which,代替,why),He lives in the city,where,there is a,high tower.,The Peoples Republic of China was,founded in 1949,when,he was born.,I had told them the reason,for which,I,didnt attend the meeting.,我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有,去开会。,I had told them the reason,why,I didnt,attend the meeting.,我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。,(,限制性定语从句“,the reason why.”,是常,见搭配。,),d.,介词加关系代词也可以引导非限定性定语,从句。,Wu Dong,with,whom,I went to see the,film,enjoyed it very much.,Her bag,in which,she put all her books,has not been found.,The story about the Long March,of which,this is an example,are well written.,在,of which/whom,之前可以使用表达,数量或定位的数词或代词。,I am doing different types of exercises,all,of which,are quite helpful to my health.,Many people,some of whom,are not,overweight,are going on diets.,There are 54 students in my class,three of,whom,come from the US.,e.as,which,非限定性定语从句,由,as,which,引导的非限定性定语从句,as,和,which,可代整个主句，相当于,and this,或,and that,。,As,位置灵活,有“正如”之意,which,在句中。,Smoking,as,we know,is harmful to ones,health.,The sun sends out light and heat,which,makes it possible for living things to exist,on the earth.,1.,as,既可以指前面提到过的事实或情况,因此,as,可以放在句首、句末,也可以插入主句中,而,which,指前面提到的事实或情况,一般放在主句之后,(,有时也可用,as),。,如：,As our teacher points out,that book is of,benefit to everyone.,Heat is a form of energy,as is known to all of us,This machine,as might be expected,has stopped,operating,2.,As,含有正如、按照、正像之意,as,一般用,在肯定句中,而,which,则可以用于含否定,意义的句子中，如：,He failed in the exam again,as was expected.,He failed in the exam again,which was,unexpected,3.,下列固定结构,一般不能用,which,如：,as has been said before,如前所述,as often happens,正像经常发生的那样,as is well known,众所周知,as will be shown in Fig 3,将如图,3,所示,as we know,正如我们知道的那样,as may be imagined,这可以想象得出来,as we all can see,正如我们大家看到的那样,as follows,如下,1.Alice received an invitation from her,boss,_came as a surprise.,A.it,B.that,C.which,D.he,此为非限定性从句,不能用,that,修饰,而用,which.it,和,he,都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况,且选,he,句意不通。,C,Use your head!,2.The weather turned out to be very good,_was more than we could expect.,A.what,B.which,C.that,D.it,which,可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而,what,不可。,that,不能用于非限定性定语从句,it,不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在,英语语法上行不通。,B,3.It rained hard yesterday,_ prevented,me from going to the park.,A.that,B.which,C.as,D.it,4.She is a teacher of much knowledge,_ much can be learned.,A.who B.that,C.from which D.from whom,B,D,5.China has many rivers,_the,Changjiang River is the longest.,A.which B.in which,C.among which D.one of which,C,6.A.Pisa is a city,_ has a leaning tower.,B.Pisa is a city,_there is a leaning tower.,A.which B.that,C.where D.there,A,C,7.Dorothy was always speaking highly of,her role in the play,_,of course,made,the others unhappy.A.,Who B.which C.this D.what,8.Do you know the reason _ he was late?,A.that B.which,C.for what D.for which,B,D,9.I have bought two ball pens,_ writes,well.,A.none of which B.neither of which,C.none of them D.neither of them,10.The English play _ my students acted at,the New Years party was a great success.,A.for which B.at which,C.in which D.on which,B,C,11.This is the very knife _ I,used to cut apples yesterday.,A.that B.by which,C.which D.with which,D,12.Yesterday Mr.Li finally bought his,own house,_ is a hospital.,A.in where B.to the east of which,C.to the east of it D.in the east of that,13.My brothers purse,_ he put,￥,1,000,was missing on the bus.,A.there B.which,C.in which D.that,14.His glasses,_ he could see,nothing,was taken away by a naughty,boy.,A.which B.without which,C.with which D.without those,15.The computer,_ he paid,￥,3,000,was once owned by his uncle.,A.which B.for which,C.that D.to that,16.In the past we lost many chances,_ we paid little attention.,A.which B.that,C.in which D.to which,17.The pen,_ I had been writing,for ten years,was broken.,A.with which B.with that,C.as D.with it,18.Mary has two brothers,_ are,doctors.,A.both of they B.both of whom,C.both of them D.whom of both,19.On the way home I met my friend,John,from _ home the thief,had stolen a computer.,A.whom B.which,C.that D.whose,高考链接,-,2010,1.,(10,福建,24)Stephen Hawking believes that,2.earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life,3.has developed gradually.,A.that,B.where,C.which,D.whose,2.(10,湖南,28)Ive become good friends with,several of the students in my school _ I met,in the English speech contest last year.,A.who,B.where C.when D.which,B,A,高考链接,-,2009,1.,(09,山东,24)Whenever I met her,_ was,2.fairly often,she greeted me with a sweet smile.,A.who B.which C.when D.that,2.(09,宁夏海南,28)She brought with her three,friends,none of _ I had ever met before.,A.them,B.who,C.whom,D.these,B,C,高考链接,-,2008,1.They will fly to Washington,_ they plan to,stay for two or three days.(2008,重庆,),A.where B.there C.which D.when,2.Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time,to spend a day with the kids.(08,山东,),A.who,B.which C.why D.when,A,D,3.Ill give you my friends home address,_,I can be reached most evenings.(08,北京卷,),A.which B.when C.whom D.where,4.All the neighbor admire this family,_,the parents are treating their child like a,friend.(2008,安徽卷,),A.why B.where C.which D.that,A,B,高考链接,-,2007,1.,Where did you get to know her?,It was on the farm _ we worked.,2007,山东卷,A.that B.there C.which D.where,2.Last week,only two people came to look at,the house,_ wanted to buy it.2007,安徽卷,A.none of them,B.both of them,C.none of whom,D.neither of whom,D,D,3.After graduation she reached a point in her,career _ she needed to decide what to,do.2007,江西卷,A.that B.what C.which D.where,4.Today,well discuss a number of cases _,beginners of English fail to use the language,properly.2007,陕西卷,A.which B.as,C.why D.where,D,D,5.Those successful deaf dancers think that,dancing is an activity _ sight matters,more than hearing.2007,天津卷,A.when B.whose C.which D.where,6.Human facial expressions differ from those,of animals in the degree _ they can be,controlled on purpose.2007,重庆卷,A.with which,B.to which,C.of which,D.for which,D,B,