英语专业 毕业论文 精华与糟粕一篇关于英国足球文化的研究.doc

本科毕业论文中文题目：精华与糟粕-一篇关于英国足球文化的研究外文题目：Glory and Humiliation-A Study about British Football Culture院 系 应用外语学院 专 业 英语(国际经贸) 年 级 学 号 200509110034 学 生 指导教师 截稿日期 四川外语学院教务处制荣耀与耻辱关于英国足球文化的研究摘要：英国足球一直在世界足坛扮演着一个重要的角色，近年来，在俱乐部球队取得骄人成绩的同时，整个英国足球联赛体系蒸蒸日上，而英超联赛更是成为世界上运作最成功、最富裕的联赛，这也引来人们对其成功模式的研究，当然，也有人对其产生非议。不过，笔者认为，不论好坏，英国国家文化或者说民族文化在这之中是发挥了重要作用的。本文就是对英国足球文化的一个研究，分析了英国足球中的精华与糟粕两部分，并挖掘其文化之根英国文化因素，包括了英国民族，宗教，历史，文化渊源以及英国民族个性等。正文中，首先简要介绍了英国足球发展史，以期让读者对英国足球有一个粗略的了解，接着，将英国足球文化分为两个部分“精华”与“糟粕”，并分别就“精华”与“糟粕”两部分论述了英国文化的积极面与消极面，并由此得出结论：英国文化对英国足球产生的是深远且重要的影响。关键词：足球文化；英国文化；荣耀；耻辱Glory and Humiliation-A Study about British Football CultureAbstractBritish football plays an important role all the times in the football world.In recent years when the whole league match system make big progress, club teams have achieved remarkable success and the FA Primier League have become the most successful and the most wealthy league in the world. This also leads many people to study its operation and modle. Certainly, some of them put forward some criticism.However, the writer thinks, sink or swim, British culture or its ethical culture have taken great effection to the British football culture.This thesis is a research of British football culture, analyzes the two parts of British football culture-essence and dross, and dig out the root of its British cultural-British race, religion, history, cultural origin and British race personality etc.In the beginning of the text, the writer introduces British football development history and made the reader have rough understanding to British football .Then he divided British football culture into two parts: "essence" and"dross". On the basis of them,the writer discussed respectively the aggressive sides and the negative sides of British culture and got the conclusion: British culture or its ethical culture have taken great effection to the British football culture.Key words:football culture;British culture;honor;humiliationAcknowledgementsWhen the thesis is completed, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, professor Hu.Because my theoretical level still needs to be raised, unavoidably, there were many mistakes in my thesis. Fortunately, professor Hu's instruction makes my thesis draw to an end smoothly.I am deeply influenced by his encyclopedic professional knowledge, high academic achievements and rigorous scholarship and excelsior work style.He is also example for me forever and will actively influence my study and work from now on.Here, sincerely thank professor Hu with lofty esteem and heartfelt gratitude again. Wish him the very best of luck in his job, every successin his future endeavours, good health and a happy family!At last , appreciate all teachers for your drawing out time to assess this text and puting forward precious opinions .Appreciate all those who helped and supported me.ThanksContents中文摘要.AbstractAknowledgementsIntroduction.The Brief Introduction of British Football History.A. The Cradle of Modern Football BritainB. The Development of Football Rule and Match System. The Glory of British Football and its Cultural Heritage A. The Glory of British Football Culture. 1. The Former Glory of British Football Team. 2. Britain- an Important Role in the Development of International Football. B. The Cultural Heritage of the Glory. 1. The Chivalry - the Soul of British Football. 2. British Stringent and Pragmatic Style the Foundation of the Development. The Dross of British Football and its Cultural HeritageA. The Dross of British Football Culture. 1. unadvanced skill and tactics. 2. the problem about football hooligansB. The Cultural Heritage of the Dross. 1.National Personality 2. Societal Transformation. 3.Multiracial Society with Much Religion.Conclusion.NotesBibliographyGlory and Humiliation-A Study about British Football CultureIntroductionIn today's world， football is undoubtedly the first sport. However, in China who has the largest population in the world, football is walking along a thorny path . Football fraud, black whistle, football gambling and fights have become the synonym for Chinese football. In the latest FIFA ranking, the Chinese team has dropped from the first 100 of the world. " the development of football in the community have caused unprecedented negative emotions, people lose confidence in our national team, being disappointed in the Football Association and the league. What the sport of football show us is a kind of poverty of culture. by the development of a culture of extreme poverty." Culture is the phenomenon that people are interest in and atmosphere that people concern.Therefor, all competitive sports are culture. As the world's most influential sport,l football is undoubtedly the most of cultural characteristics competition. In the past hundred years, as a kind of culture, football has never stopped the spread in China. Unfortunately, more than one hundred years have passed but China is still a desert of football culture. This also make people to review the cause and look for the answer from those football giant . Modern football originated in Britain. Britain is one of the world football giants, at the same time the British has provided the growth fertile soil for the football culture. Accordingly, taking the example of British football,this thesis analyses the British football from a cultural perspective. when extracting the essence of its football culture ,the author also analyzes its dross. the essence, which includes the glory of British teams and its contribution for the development of world football,of course, is tied to the national spirit and the background of "British Empire" .The dross ,which includes the unadvanced tactic and violence ,is closely related to the people's character and some problems that appeared in modern British society. Finally this thesis draws a conclusion: British football culture has never developed all by its own and it has always been subject to influenees from all aspects of historical and social activities. I hope that this thesis can help to spread football culture to the football fans so that they can treat Chinese football in reason.The History of British Football A.The Cradle of Modern Football BritainBritain is the origin of modern football；it is also the cradle where modern football develops. The real origin is as vitally related as the background of the ages: politics, economy and humanities which are needed by this sport. Early in the 19th century, in the course of the first Industrial Revolution, Britain went forward to the age of mass production, a great deal of unemployed rural population got into cities and cities extended rapidly. In the meantime, the influence of British international trade which covered all over the world, also midwiferied a set of information system which can deliver the information in the global scope with high-efficiency.With this background, some children of nobility at private schools near London began to play football game after school. After these children graduated, a lot of them directly entered Oxford and Cambridge for advanced study. Naturally, in the two most advanced universities, the civilized pillars of future society, also played this savage game to enjoy another side of living in free time.In the changing ages, any unusual thing would capture attentions; besides, this sport was born in Oxford and Cambridge. Till the 1940's, in some industrial bases such as Birmingham and Manchester, hundreds of workers began their football games. Their original intention was to battle with the freezing weather of British winter or to extricate from the depressing working environment. Anyway, this sport got developed because of them.Rapidly, the game spread across all industrial cities of England like wildfire and then to upper Scotland, southwestern Wales and Ireland. At this time, the first great problem about football arose: What rules should be followed to play this game?B.The Development of Football Rule and Match SystemIn 1848, football buff in Cambridge drew up the "Cambridge football code of laws". The law set a simple definition for the basic rules of modern football. For more than 100 years, football rules have been modified constantly, and these laws beat out a path for the highly-organized team game -modern football.Birds of a feather flock together, people of a mind fall into the same group. Naturally, football clubs appeared because of so many fans. In 1855, the first football club in the world- Sheffield Football Club was founded, and then more and more clubs came forth all over the nation. When clubs grew, friendly matches among them flourished. However, at that time, there was not a uniform governor and matches were not supervised. Therefore, some clubs found a coordinating institution. That is the most ancient governing body of football ,called English Football Association. Hence, English Football Association Cup was establishedHowever, the event still can not meet the need of the booming audience, hence English Football Association made a discussion and put forward a proposal about holding league matches. Most of the earliest clubs which jointed in the league came from industrial bases in central or upper England. This manifested the characteristics of the sport for the working class at that time. The 18881889 season was the first season of English Football A League Matches. Till 1892, because numerous clubs existed and the A League Matches could not be carried out all over England, the English Football Association decided to set up a B league matches under the A League Match. In 1920, the C League Matches appeared. In1958, the D League Matches also was founded. By that time, a relatively complete system for matches had been established.Another revolution took place at the beginning of the1990's.Its sign is the appearance of the Barclays Premiership because the new League has one bran-new feature of strong commercialism. The naissance of The Barclays Premiership was facilitated by that those big clubs were dissatisfied with the average distribution of income with small clubs. Those big clubs needed a more perfect system to tap their commercial potentials and expand the global influence of club brands. Therefore, the The Barclays Premiership was viewed as the epoch-making outcome of British football history.Besides, there were still another two important parts in the match system: the Charity Shield and the Football League Cup. In 1908, the Charity Shield became the opening match of every season. The earliest Charity Shield was an invitational tournament organized by the English Football Association. It could help teams to warm up. At the same time, its income would be donated to charities. Later, the event became a contest between the last league champion and the last cup champion before the new season. In 2003, this event was renamed as the Community Shield. In 1960, the English Football Association established the Football League Cup. The difference between the Football League Cup and the Football Association Cup is that it just allows the 92 clubs of the 4 English professional leagues to take part in the Football League Cup and the winner would be qualified to participate in the next UEFA Cup.The Glory of British Football and its Cultural HeritageA.The Glory of British Football1. The Former Glory of British Football Team England team had a brilliant success in the Olympic Games and won two championships in 1908 and 1912. England was also the third place holder in the third and tenth European Cup .Besides, England won the championship of the eighth World Cup held on home soil. However, in comparison with its national teams achievements, the club teams are greater in the European Continent, even in the whole world. Club teams from Britain had glorious achievements in the three greatest cup competitions in Europe and totally acquired 31 champions in Europe, which tops most of European countries. 31 champions included 12 champions of UEFA Champions League, 9 champions of European Winner's Cup, 10 champions of UEFA Cup and 2 champions of World Club Cup. Moreover, Britain was also the birthplace of many famous football athletes, such as Stanley Matthews（the first European Footballer of the Year）, Bobby Charlton（1966 European Footballer of the Year）, Gary Lineker (the Best Shooter of 1986 World Cup ) , Paul Gascoigne , David Robert Joseph Beckham ,Michael James Owen and Steven Gerrard, etc.2. Britain- an Important Role in the Development of International FootballAs the cradle of modern football, Britain played a crucial role in early years .Early in the 19th century, Britain witnessed an age of mass production, then a great deal of unemployed rural population flooded into cities and cities extended rapidly; in the meantime, the influence of British international trade which covered all over the world , also midwiferied a set of information system which can deliver the information in the global scope with high-efficiency. Someone said that football was the most enduring export of Britain. This saying may be ill-considered. However, assuredly, Britain sowed the seeds of football in the whole world.With little demand for their expertise at home，Players reaching the end of their careers in Britain inereasingly looked for opportunities offered by clubs and associations in continental Europe.Some became key figures in the development of the European game.The peak for the British coach to move abroad may have been the inter-war years，but there was still a demand for Britishrnen after 1945.Since the1980s more British foothall players have continued their football career abroad，and in a greater number of countries and continents，than in any other period. The non-English speaking countries, which accepted the football at the very earliest, are those countries who had the closest relations with Britain in politics, economy, trade, education and