毕业论文（设计）清河发电厂1# 汽轮机组润滑油压低的原因分析及处理.doc

清河发电厂#1汽轮机组润滑油压低的原因分析及处理马仁库、历 鹏、葛春光、林安飞、陈 博（沈阳东北电力调节技术研究所）摘 要针对清河发电厂#1机组存在的润滑油压低问题，通过计算和试验分析认为#2射油器设计出力不足是润滑油压低的主要原因，经对改进处理后，润滑油压从0.075Mpa提高到0.120Mpa，达到了预期效果，提高了机组运行的安全性和经济性，可为有类似问题机组的缺陷处理提供参考。关键词汽轮发电机组；润滑油压低；分析处理辽宁清河发电厂#1汽轮机组为哈尔滨汽轮机厂制造的N100-90/535凝汽式汽轮机。机组自投产以来，一直存在润滑油压低现象，机组正常运行时，润滑油压为0.075MPa，接近防止电力生产重大事故的二十五项重点要求中的联动交流润滑油泵定值（0.0700.075）MPa，为使交流润滑油泵处于备用状态，只能降低交流油泵联动定值，违反了二十五项重点要求的规定，对机组的安全运行构成隐患。通过计算分析和测试分析认为，#2射油器设计出力不足为润滑油压低的主要原因；通过计算分析对#2射油器进行了改造，并在试验台上进行了调整试验，达到了预期效果。机组起动投入运行后，润滑油压值从0.075MPa提高到0.12MPa，主油泵的出口压力保持稳定不变。1 射油器工作原理及计算1.1 射油器工作原理射油器是喷射泵的一种，图1为射油器的原理示意图。高压油高速从喷嘴1喷射，使吸油室2造成真空，吸入低速油流进入混合室3；混合后的油流在扩散管4中降速，将速度能转化成压力能，致使射油器将小流量的高压油转换成大流量的低压油。射油器由于无运动零件，在结构正确设计的条件下，尽管其效率比较低，但其工作相当可靠。因而，在汽轮发电机组的供油系统中被广泛采用，将离心式主油泵的出口高压油转换成相应的低压油供给主油泵入口和润滑系统。1.2 射油器计算1.2.1已知条件射油器入口工作压力；出口流量；出口压力；吸入侧油压。1.2.2喷嘴结构尺寸计算设：引射系数（1）则：（2）射油器出口流量（3）喷嘴流量（4）吸入口流量（5）喷嘴出口流速（6）喷嘴面积（7）喷嘴直径（8）式中：喷嘴流量系数；扩散管特性系数；压比；喷嘴流量；吸入侧流体流量；液体比重。图1：射油器原理示意图1喷嘴 2吸油室 3混合室 4扩散管1.2.3 扩散管结构尺寸计算扩散管喉部面积一般选取（9）则扩散管喉部直径（10）喷嘴与扩散管喉部距离通常取（1.51.8），其值的大小影响射油器的效率及特性曲线，根据笔者多次的试验和改造经验，一般取扩散管直径的1.8倍为最佳。扩散管喉部长度一般取（24）；扩散管出口面积（11）式中：扩散管出口流速，一般取（12.5）m/s；扩散管长度（12）扩散角，一般不大于10°。2 改造前计算测试分析2.1 改造前计算根据#2射油器的原始设计结构尺寸，对射油器在额定工况下的喷嘴流量和输出流量进行了计算。（1）已知条件进口工作油压=1.96MPa；出口油压=0.353MPa；吸油侧油压=0；喷嘴直径=18.0mm；扩散管直径=44mm。（2）喷嘴流量=870（L/min）（3）吸入侧流量=1.96/0.353=5.55=0.682594（L/min）（4）射油器出口流量1464（L/min）2.2 改造前测试在试验室对#2射油器在额定工况下进行了实物试验，测试结果：入口压力1.96MPa、出口压力0.353MPa时，出口流量为1710L/min。当出口流量超过1860L/min时，出口压力迅速下降，达到汽蚀点。2.3 改造前分析参照该射油器的额定设计参数：入口压力1.96MPa、出口压力0.353MPa时，出口流量为1900L/min，设计入口流量为975L/min。根据测试结果实际额定入口流量为870L/min，比设计值小约100L/min。计算结果和测试结果具有良好的一致性，表明该射油器设计出力不足，不满足设计值和现场运行需要；#2射油器设计出力不足是导致润滑油压低的根本原因。3 #2射油器改造分析根据计算分析及在试验室上进行多次性能测试，对#2射油器的喷嘴直径和扩散管直径进行改进，将喷嘴直径由18.0mm扩大到20.0mm，扩散管直径由44mm扩大到48mm，使射油器的性能达到最佳值，并满足设计值和现场运行需要。将喷嘴直径扩大后，对射油器喷嘴流量的计算结果为1074L/min。测试结果表明，射油器的出口压力比改造前提高了0.045MPa；射油器的入口流为1056L/min。现场起机后润滑油压从0.075MPa增加到0.12MPa，证明了计算过程与测试结果基本吻合。改进后射油器的入口流量增加约186L/min，对主油泵的运行影响不大。经过约7个月的运行考核，主油泵的出口压力依然保持1.96MPa，改造后的主油泵和#2射油器运行平稳。表1 改造前后射油器压力流量特性（特性）测试结果改造前改造后出口压力（MPa）出口流量（L/min）出口压力（MPa）出口流量（L/min）0.42015890.46017000.40016500.44018450.35017100.42019750.33017400.40021000.30017940.39021720.27018100.38022100.25018280.37022030.24018230.35522030.22018640.33522310.20018670.31522314 结论（1）根据计算和测试结果分析认为，#2射油器设计出力不足是润滑油压低的主要原因；（2）通过计算和测试结果进行定量分析，对#2射油器进行了改进处理，润滑油压由0.075MPa提高到0.12MPa，满足了机组运行的需要，提高了机组运行的可靠性；（3）#2射油器改造后，经过近7个月的运行考核，彻底解决了润滑油压低的缺陷，杜绝了烧瓦等重大事故的隐患，提高了机组运行的安全性；对存在有类似问题的机组提供了一定的参考价值。Analyzing and Settling of the Low Lubricating Oil Pressure for No. 1 Steam Turbine of Qinghe Power Work Ma Renku Li Peng Ge chunguang Lin anfei Chen Bo（Shenyang Northeast Electric Power Control Institute）Abstract In view of the low lubricating oil pressure problem of No.1 steam turbine of Qinghe Power Work, through calculating, testing and analyzing, make sure that the irrational design of No. 2 injector is the main reason of the low lubricating oil pressure. After the retrofit, the lubricating oil pressure was enhanced from 0.075Mpa to 0.12Mpa, achieved the anticipative purpose, the problem was solved，and enhanced the steam turbines security and efficiency. This will supply a reference for the retrofit of the steam turbine oil system which has the similar problem.Keywords Steam Turbine；Low lubricating oil pressure；Analyzing and settingEditor's note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the world's first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, I've still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, you'd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. I'm anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.It's like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line "we" would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and "capcom" (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, "Fearless Felix" will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, he'll be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes it's not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it won't. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way I'd miss this.