上海中考英语必考基础知识点自检(纯知识点).doc
冠词the+姓氏表示一家人，如the Greens 世上独一无二的用the 序数词前要加the，但是有限定词时，the 不要 棋类/球类/三餐前零冠词，但是有限定词时要加不定冠词，如：have a rich dinner. 物主代词后不加冠词，如my other hand 名词：可数名词不可数名词coinmoneyjobworknewspapernewssuggestionadvice其它不可数名词：Information;furniture;room(空间)；butter;exercise(锻炼)；knowledge;advice;medicine;traffic单复同形名词：people;sheep;fish 名词词组:The/A singer and dancer is.一个歌手兼并舞蹈者是.The /A singer and the/a dancer are.一个歌手和一个舞蹈者是.The number of.is. .的数量是.A number of.are. 大量的.是.数词：the third one 第三个a third one 再一个，又一个its ten minutes walk its a ten-minute walkin ones fifties 介词：一、表示时间、地点、方位的介词1、 时间介词at时间点，at that time,at noon,at a time,at the age of,at night,at present;at the weekendon星期；具体某一天（on the evening of April lst 2017）;on Sunday morning; on a rainy night On New Years Day; On Christmas Day(at Charistmas);on my twentieth birthdayinIn the morning/afternoon/evening;年份；季节；月份；世纪；in ones fifties2、表示地点at小地点；at the station; at the cinema;at the airport; at the corner of.in大地点;内部；in the forest; in space;in the worldon岛屿；在.上方（有接触面）； on Chongming Island; on the wall; on ones way; on the third floor其它over the head(正上方) under the tree（正下方） above the head(不是正上方) below the hill (不是正上方) along the river around the lake3、表示方位单词用法举例In包含关系Taiwan is in the sourtheast of China.on接壤Hunbei is on the north of Hunanto不接壤Japan is to the east of China.二、 between(两者)/among（三者或以上）在.之间三、 after/in表示在.之后的用法 单词用法举例Afterafter+时间段：表示过去某一时刻为起点的一段时间之后，用于过去式after doing sth:表示做完某事之后，可用于将来时He came back after two days.He will go home after finishing the workinin+时间段：表示以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后，用于将来时He will come back in two days.四、with/by/in 表示“用.”单词用法举例With表示“用.”,一般指有形的工具/手段/人体器官注意：with 还表示伴随，“带有，含有”He cut the apple into halves with a knife.He came in with a big smile on his face.in表示用某种语言，方式，途径，或书写/绘画的材料也可以表示交通工具Can you say in English?He wrote a letter in blue ink.I came here in a car. by 表示乘坐交通工具，表示方式、方法He makes a living by selling things.同意词by phone=on the phone by car=in a carin pen=with a pen=with pensby bus=on a bus五、其他情况区别besides; except; in additionbesides 包括（加法）except 不包括（减法）in addition 另外，此外（还）不用介词this;that;these;last;next;every;one day;all day跟介词for的搭配ambition for money for ticket for postage for time for wish for 跟介词to的搭配answer;key;visit;pay;solution;entrance情态动词情态动词的回答方式Can you.? -Yes,I can; No, I cantCould I borrow your.? -Yes, you can; No, you cant May I.? Yes,you may; No,you cant/mustnt.Must I .? Yes,you must; No,you neednt/dont have to Need I .? Yes,you must./No, you neednt.情态动词表示推测Maybe he knows the truth.=He may know the truth.It may be true.It cant be true.It must true.Had better do; had better not do 注意need的用法need sth; need to do sth dont need to do sth ; need do sth 注意情态动词转换can=be able to must=have to neednt =dont have to need do sth =need to do sth should do sth=ought to do sth 形容词和副词一、形容词以ly结尾的形容词lonely,friendly,lively,lovely,likely二、 形容词副词同形的词ahead;early;fast;hard;high;later;straight.三、 与fun、funny有关的短语It is great fun to do sth What great fun it is .How funny it is.四、 比较级1） 不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldold/elderold/eldestbad/badly/illworseworstfarfarther(距离)/further(程度)Farthest/furthest2) 下列单词只能加more/most real;tired;pleased;often;like(相似的)3) 修饰词修饰原级So/too/very/quiet/rather/enough/as.as/not.as修饰比较级Than/much/far/even/still/a little最高级In/of/among+比较范围；one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数转换the +最高级+of/in 比较级+than+any other+单数名词Nobody else +比较级+than.E. g. Tom is the tallest boy in our school.=Tom is taller than any other boy in our school.=Nobody else is taller than Tom in our class.词组搭配动词易混词组辨析out系列find out 查明,找出，了解look out向外看，当心turn out结果是set out/set off出发，着手做pick out挑选Carry out开展、实施go out出去，熄灭put out 扑灭take out 取出Work out做出，制定出Break out （战争等）爆发over 系列all over到处look over 仔细检查 go over复习=review turn over (翻)车、（翻）页，翻身Think over 仔细考虑（注意区别think about:考虑做某事的可能性）Think of 想起，想到Off 系列put off推迟=delayshow off炫耀take off起飞；脱下（put on）Keep off阻挡；不让.接近Get off 下车（反：get on）See.off为.送行（say goodbye to ）Turn off关掉Up 系列dress up(穿着)打扮give up放弃grow up 长大look up寻找，抬头看put up举起，挂起take up 开始从事shut up住口stay up 熬夜turn up（音量）调高（反）turn downWake up 醒来，叫醒Cheer upon 系列put on穿上，带上，上演rely on依靠依赖（depend on）turn on打开try on试穿Work on从事某项工作focus on集中注意力于.For 系列look for 寻找care for 照顾，喜爱stand for 代表aroundshow sb around带某人参观away系列take away 拿走T=throw away 扔掉Down Put down放下look down 向下看turn down 调低Cool/calm down冷静下来take down 记下With deal with处理，解决Compete with与.竞争其他as long as 只要as soon as 一.就.in fact 实际上=actuallyon average 平均now that 既然in addition 此外at once立刻，马上at a time 每次，一次for the first time 第一次run out of 用完，耗尽（be used up）in brief 简言之=brieflyeven in/even though尽管all the time 总是for a while 一会儿take place 发生 Aafter all毕竟，终究according to 根据，按照as a result结果是agree with sb 同意某人的意见above all最重要的是.agree on sth赞成某事all in all总之agree to do 同意某人的观点as well 也，又.as well as和.ask for 请求at present目前=for the time beingat work 在工作（零冠词）Bbe based on.以.为依据/根据be careful with小心be connected to/with与.有联系be fond of 喜欢（三者均可以表示）be /get familiar to对某人来说是熟悉的be crazy about （主语是物、伟人、死人）be keen onbe/get familiar with熟悉某人/某物（主语是人）be covered with覆盖be located in/on/at位于.be made of 由.制成（看出原材料）be made up of由.组成be made from由.制成（看不出原材料）be made into 被制成be pleased with对.满意big deal 大人物be strict with对.严格break down 损坏break into 破门而入by the way 顺便说一下Ccare for 照顾，喜欢change ones mind改变主意come to an end 结束（注意冠词）consist of 由.组成cut down消减Check in登记入住（反:check out）Ddepend on依靠，依赖die of 死于.(内因)do sb a favor 帮某人一个忙die from 死于.(外因)decide to do 决定做某事=make up ones mind to do sth Ffor the time being 目前，当下（进行时态）from time to time 不时（一般现在）fill in填充，填写far away（离.）遥远Gget on/along with 进展.;与.相处get rid of 摆脱give up 放弃go ahead向前go in for 参加，从事于；酷爱go on a picnic 去野营（注意冠词）go on with/doing sth继续做go wrong 出错（break down）Hhappen to sb 发生在某人身上（注意介词）have no idea 不知道have a pity on同情某人hear of 听说hear and there 到处hear from 收到.来信hold on等等，别挂电话IIn this way这样In return 作为回报In favor of 支持in return作为回报JJump to a conclusion=jump to conclusions 贸然断定；草率决定KKeep .from.阻止.；使.免于Keep off阻挡，不让.接近Llay the table（饭前）摆好桌子leave for 动身去live on靠.为生（make a living by）lose temper发脾气=become angryOon business出差on the phone在听电话on holiday在休假on ones side 在某人一边（支持）out of date 落时over and over再三PPrevent from阻止.做Protect .from 保护.免受.Stop .from阻止.做RRefer to .参考，涉及代词一、 ItIt is+adj.+to do sth It seems that +从句Its ones turn to do sth Its time to do sth/for sthIts +adj.+that +从句make/find/feel/consider it+adj./n. (for sb) to do sth 二、 few、little 系列表否定表肯定修饰可数名词fewa few修饰不可数名词little a littlequite/still/only/just a few/a little quite a few=still a few=manyquite a little=still a little=muchonly/just a few=fewonly/just a little=little三、 both/either/neither/all/none/any系列都都不任何一个两者bothneithereither三者或以上allnoneany补充：谓语动词只谓单Neither of.,either of .只谓复Both of.;all of.就近原则Eitehr .or; neither.nor.;not only.but also.;there be就远原则As well as;together with;along with;but;except;with四、 another/other/the other/others/the others 的区别 Another 三者中一个 the other 两者中另外一个Others=other +名词复数 the others=the other+名词复数The others 剩余所有的 others 其它的the others Some Some others非谓语动词To do Wish;learn;allow;encourage;warn;discuss;refuse;invite;agree;promise;mangae;offer;fail;afford;invite;advise;expect;make up one;s minddoingFinish;prevent;be worth;practice;cant helpadmit;feel like;give up;pay attention to;be busy;consider;deny;suggestDoMake sb do;have sb do;let sb do谓语动词（备注：只写时间状语）一般现在Every week, once a week,on sundays;most days.一般过去.ago,one day;last.;at the age of.; yesterday现在进行At this time;these days, can you see.?cant you see.?for the time being 过去进行At this time/that time yesterday，或者以when/while引导的时间状语从句，从句用过去进行时/一般过去式 since从句用过去式现在完成In/during/over the past/last few years/其他段时间；over these years;so far;lately;up to now;twice过去完成Before+过去时间；by/by the end of/by the time+表示过去的时间用于when,after,before引导的时间状语从句中，前后两动作都发生在过去。用： Had done+when/beore+did用于宾语从句（从句动作发生在主句的过去-根据语境判定）一般将来Soon，in+一段时间过去将来By then注意：has been to/have gone to /have been in的区别 瞬间动词和延续性动词的转换被动态Make/let/have/see/hear/feel/watch sb do 用于被动态时，to要还原其他：强调做题顺序，即单三和时态问题感叹句备注：强调做题方法宾语从句时态：主句从句一般现在、祈使句，一般将来不受主句限制，根据情况选用一般过去要用过去范围内的时态虽为一般过去，但从句描述的是真理、格言、自然现象、科学原理等只用一般现在时连接词：原句语序连接词陈述句That(可省略)一般疑问句Whether/if特殊疑问句特殊疑问词反义疑问句一、 原则1. 前肯后否，前否侯肯2. 前名后代3. 时态一致二、 初中阶段表示否定的词Seldom;hardly;never;no;not;none;nothing;nobody;hardly;rarely;few;little三、 其他特殊的附加疑问句1） I am.,arent I?2） 反义疑问句中有反义词的句子，仍看做肯定形式;He is unhappy,isnt he?3） Lets.,shall we? 4） Let us.,will you?,祈使句也如此5） 表示推测的情态动词的附加疑问句，其附加疑问句俞情态动词后的动词一。 He must be at school, isnt he?四、 反义疑问句的回答切记:把反义疑问句改成不带否定词的一般疑问句情景问答易错点：would you like to do.?和would you like me to do .?would you mind me doing.?
