现代汽车排放与控制技术ppt课件-第1章-双语.ppt

Automotive emission and control,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Chapter1:introduction,2,Study Aims 学习目标：Understand the relation of automotive and environmentKnow about the pollution of main city in ChinaRealize the disadvantage of automotive emissionStudy points 知识要点：the environment and automotivethe pollution of main city in Chinathe disadvantage of CO,NOx,HC,PM,CO2,Example:,3,Read the examples in book.Would you like take an example about pollution?,1.1 Air pollution and vehicles,1.1.1 Air pollution,Air pollution is the introduction of particulates,biological molecules,or other harmful materials into Earths atmosphere,causing diseases,death to humans,and damage to other living organisms.,1.1.2 Sources,There are various locations,activities or factors which are responsible for releasing pollutants into the atmosphere.These sources can be classified into two major categories.,(1)Anthropogenic(man-made)sources:,(2)Natural sources:,1.2 Environmental impact,the pollution in Iran,Why？,Fig 1.3 Word map of passenger cars per 1000 people,Word map of passenger cars per 1000 people,the pollution of main city in China,What do you see from the table?,1.3 Types of emissions,Emissions that are principal pollutants of concern include CO,HC,NOx,PM and CO2,Nitrogen oxides,Nitrogen oxides(NOx)-Generated whennitrogenin the air reacts with oxygen at the high temperature and pressure inside the engine.NOxis a precursor to smog andacid rain.NOxis a mixture of NO,N2O,and NO2.NO2is extremely reactive.It destroys resistance to respiratory infection.NOxproduction is increased when an engine runs at its most efficient(i.e.hottest)part of the cycle.,Hydrocarbons,Hydrocarbons-A class of burned or partially burned fuel,hydrocarbons are toxins.Hydrocarbons are a major contributor to smog,which can be a major problem in urban areas.,The formation of smog,The formation of smog,Hydrocarbons,Prolonged exposure to hydrocarbons contributes to asthma,liver disease,lung disease,and cancer.Regulations governing hydrocarbons vary according to type of engine and jurisdiction;in some cases,non-methanehydrocarbons are regulated,while in other cases,total hydrocarbons are regulated.,Hydrocarbons,Technology for one application(to meet a non-methane hydrocarbon standard)may not be suitable for use in an application that has to meet a total hydrocarbon standard.Methane is not directly toxic,but is more difficult to break down in a catalytic converter,so in effect a non-methane hydrocarbon regulation can be considered easier to meet.Since methane is a greenhouse gas,interest is rising in how to eliminate emissions of it.,Hydrocarbons,Carbon monoxide,Carbon monoxide(CO)-A product of incomplete combustion,carbon monoxide reduces the bloods ability to carry oxygen;overexposure(carbon monoxide poisoning)may be fatal.Carbon Monoxide poisoning is a killer in high concentrations,Particulate matter,Particulate matterSootor smoke made up of particles in themicrometresize range:Particulate matter causes negative health effects,including but not limited torespiratory diseaseandcancer.,Volatile organic compounds(VOCs),Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)-Organic compounds which typically have a boiling point less than or equal to 250C;for examplechlorofluorocarbons(CFCs)andformaldehyde.Volatile organic compoundsare a subsection ofHydrocarbonsthat are mentioned separately because of their dangers to public health.,Carbon dioxide(CO2),Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.Motor vehicle CO2 emissions are part of the anthropogenic contribution to the growth of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere which is causing climate change.,Sulfur oxide,Sulfur oxide(SOx)-A general term for oxides ofsulfur,which are emitted from motor vehicles burning fuel containing sulfur.Reducing the level of fuel sulfur reduces the level ofSulfur oxideemitted from the tailpipe.,Emissions of many air pollutants have been shown to have variety of negative effects on public health and the natural environment.,1.4 Pollution Effects,1.5 Emission factors,1.6 Pollution reduction,Conclusions,The main factor of pollution automotive emission because of the city development,energy usage,and so on.The heavy pollution in China,and the North is heavier than the South.Automotive Emission includes many different contents,such as CO,HC,NOx,PM and CO2,Thanks!,