工业机器人毕业设计外文翻译.doc

外文资料：INDUSTRIAL ROBOTSMechatronicsThe success of industries in manufacturing and selling goods in a world market increasingly depends upon an ability to integrate electronics and computing technologies into a wide range of primarily mechanical products and processes. The performance of many current products-cars, washing machines, robots or machine tools-and their manufacture depend on the capacity of industry to exploit developments in technology and to introduce them at the design stag into both products and manufacturing processes. The results so that the whole industrial system to produce a cheaper and easier than in the past, more reliable, more powerful manufacturing technology, this intense competition, leading to the original electronic engineering and mechanical engineering have been gradually difference among the various disciplines with engineering design replaced with the mutual penetration, resulting in a mechanical and electrical integration, or mechatronics. In this competitive environment, the success of products and technologies are those that effectively combine the electronic and mechanical products, but not the main reason is the absence of a successful application of electronic technology. General product innovation in machine-building industry, often starting from the mechanical hardware design, but in order to achieve vision, from the initial stages of the design process must take full account of electronic technology, control engineering and computer technology. Research from the machinery and electronics to engineering design, the key is through the mechanics and electronics hidden boundaries, put them together, it is understood today the key to this transformation took place. To be successful, early in the design of the study need to establish the concept of mechatronics, when the specific program has not yet formed, so there is choice. In this way, design engineers, especially mechanical design engineers will be able to make a decision too quickly to avoid falling into the stereotypes and reduce productivity. Fully study the market trend, we will find electromechanical integration with a design, will lead to a revival of the field, such as high-speed textile machines, measurement and measurement systems, and automatic test equipment, integrated circuits Xiang kind of special equipment. In many cases sub ah, the emerging field of production and recovery are often formed by the embedded microprocessor electronics and basic mechanical system caused by the integrated and enhanced processing capacity. Flexibility of the manufacturing process the request resulted in the production of flexible operating system concepts in this system, many components such as computer numerical control machine tools, robots and automatic guided vehicles, etc. associated with joint production, exchange of information between them through Local Area Network. The products so far, most do not realize the design of electromechanical integration of diversity for the engineering sudden opportunity. The final product sold to customers is the essence of our revenue sources, which may begin the application is the date the new mechatronic products and provide enhanced functionality important difference between traditional products. The following examples may illustrate that the traditional products: Automatic transmission control engine and automatic control of the development of engines and transmissions tend to reduce the radiation, save fuel and time by preventing excessive speed and the use of the fuel flow can be adjusted to avoid false-driven gear and so on. Power-driven tools of modern power-driven tools, such as drill bits you can provide a variety of functions, including speed and torque control, reverse action and acceleration control. The new examples of mechatronic products are as follows: Standard components assembled a traditional industrial robot because of structural problems often many restrictions. Using a number of structural parts and drive, coupled with the central processor can be made by the standard components to assemble the robot system, so users can assemble to meet their own needs various robots. Video and CD player, video and CD player laser head is equipped with sophisticated, you can read the digital information on the disk. With microprocessor control system can provide multi-track selection, scan preview and many other features. The above examples show that the purpose of the use of machinery is the continuous improvement of electronic consumer goods, not to keep consumer prices lower. Machinery and electronics products provide solutions to specific problems of the ideal way to use a low-cost element or standards. The personal computer controller and programmable logic controller Early machine tools and robots in the controller's function is to store and perform some simple procedures for the implementation of the tool or device with a predetermined speed to generate the required movement. Since 1981, IBM's first since the emergence of personal computers, many manufacturers produce microprocessors based on its so-called. Through the main memory and secondary storage devices exchange data, which allows users to use than the system microprocessor to provide the actual storage space for more storage space programming. It is this processing power and storage efficiency had a dramatic impact, making more and more industrial sectors to PC, for data acquisition and control applications. In addition to handling capabilities, PC machine control applications as a key component of many other advantages. These advantages are: (1) choice of application software more than a dedicated controller. (2) Select the tools to improve application efficiency and room for more. (3) The PC is available in a variety of forms ranging from a single card, a portable, a desktop and ruggedized industrial version for use on the factory floor.(4) bus architecture with multiple expansion slots, digital and analog input / output cards can be produced by several manufacturers. (5) special machine or a small computer than a more flexible, depending on the application can be very convenient for a variety of configurations PC, data acquisition and control device may be an additional external and interest rates through, or it may be a plug-in board. Typically add a separate external rack, the internal packaging has to provide power to the host through the serial or parallel data communications cable. A variety of standard format modules can be inserted in the rack as needed. PC, data acquisition There are basically two ways. The first use of analog / digital conversion card connected directly with the host backplane. Conversion cards generally do port address can be any support for input / output command driven programming language. Usually connected to the card, select the base address. This allows a different card or card number the same host in the same PC connection and operation. The second method is to use the interface circuit board with a digital voltage meter and frequency meter and other equipment to control the PC, to receive data. The Common Criteria is an international Association of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE-488 standard parallel communication link. Comparison of fast, easy and economical is the first approach, using the input / output port address the card to the PC, the output of the measurement data or control signals received from the PC machine. These cards are versatile, easy to obtain, and has the following characteristics: (1) multi-channel digital input / Shucu interface with optical isolation and Darlington driver settings. (2) pulse timing and counting facilities. (3) multi-channel programmable A / D conversion. (4) D / A conversion. (5) thermocouple input. PC machine control applications including the latest developments in data acquisition and control software, can provide the user with a drop-down menus and mouse-driven windows environment. Before the invention of the computer control system main relay logic circuit with electrical or pneumatic logic circuits to automate. The late 20th century invention of 60 programmable logic controllers (PLC) directly instead of the relay controller. It should be noted, in the United States, also known as programmable logic controller PLC, abbreviated as PC. Do it with a personal computer PC or IBM-PC to be confused. Programmable logic controllers and micro-computer composed of the same, there are microprocessors, memory and input / output devices. Processor performs memory control process according to input instructions, defined by the logic control program to provide output. Every step during the implementation period, the program is quickly scanned to record all of the input state, then the program logic to determine output. Controller scan each of these steps are repeated. Some small, dedicated to the sequential control of the programmable logic controller usually has 12 input ports and eight output ports are extended to both pinch the 128 input / output circuit. Input interface connected to these lines, the process of receiving input signals from the control, and these signals into a form suitable for processing. Similarly, the programmable logic controller output interface with a variety of process hardware, such as lights, motors, relays and spiral coil. Using a handheld programming keyboard, or with the corresponding software development kit with a personal computer connected to the programmable controller command input random access memory, the random access memory with battery backup power supply generally. If the programmer to establish procedures for using the symbol key, and some programming console LCD display can also display some of the graphics, using ladder logic diagram shows the format process. After a debugging program, the control method through simulation testing, you can put code into erasable programmable read-only memory chips, mounted on the programmable logic controller. Many manufacturers are in the manufacture of programmable logic controller. Although some manufacturers use their own proprietary software language, but most are still using ladder logic diagrams. Invention of this language is intended to be more acceptable to some customers, these customers are interested in is how to shift from hard-line programmable logic controller, relay control. In addition to input / output devices, the programmable logic controller also includes timers, counters, and other special function devices. Communication with other control devices exchange the traditional programmable logic controller is not the strengths of the network. Many industrial controllers are equipped with RS232 serial port, and other digital control equipment systems to exchange information. The robot Industrial robot is a tool to improve manufacturing productivity. He can assume that humans may have dangerous jobs. The first industrial robot in nuclear power plants had to be replaced and the fuel rods. Industrial robots can work on the assembly line, such as the installation of electronic components, printed circuit board. In this way, people can escape the monotony of the work stand out. Robots can also remove the bomb, as the disabled person services for our community to do all kinds of work. Robot is a re-programming, multi-agency work can be pre-programmed positions in all moving parts, materials, tools or other special equipment, complete a variety of different jobs. The location is pre-programmed robot to complete the work must follow the path. In some pre-programmed location, the robot will stop some operations, such as installing parts, painting or welding. These pre-programmed location is stored in the robot's memory to recall at any time of continuous operation. If the job requirements changed, the location of these pre-programmed data, together with other programming can be changed. These characteristics make industrial robot programming and computer are very similar. Robot system can control the robot's work unit. Robot work cell robots perform tasks in the work environment. Unit of work, including the robot manipulator, controller, working platforms, safety equipment and gear. In addition, the robot should be able to communicate with the outside world signals. Robot manipulator to complete the specific work of the robot system, which consists of two parts: the mechanical parts and ancillary parts. Subsidiary part of the installed robot base. Several fixed on the floor at the job site. But sometimes the base is able to move, in this case, the base placed in orbit for the robot from one location to another location should be. Subsidiary part of the robot arm. It may be a straight arm can move, it may be a hinged arm, the robot work to provide multiple axes. Articulated arm that is connected to the relevant section of the arm. End of the arm with a wrist. Wrist mounted on another shaft and fitted with flange root. In the flange also can be connected to different tools to complete different tasks. Mechanical axis allows the robot hand in a specific area to work. This area is called the robot unit of work, it depends on the size of the robot. If the robot the size of the increase will increase the size of the unit of work. Manipulator movement control drive or drive system. They drive the state work unit in the rotation. Drive system can make the electrical, hydraulic, it can be pneumatic. Drive power generated by the various institutions converted into mechanical energy, all kinds of drive system is connected by mechanical transmission. Those from the chain, gears and ball screw driven mechanical transmission device composed of the axis of the robot. Used to control the robot to control its movement and the work unit of the external device. Handheld keyboard by hanging the movement of the robot controller program input. The data stored in the controller's memory for future calls. Controllers also work in the unit with an external device to communicate. For example, the controller has an input line. Completion of processing input lines connected, high-speed controller for robot pick in the specified location processed parts. Mechanical hand a new part into the machine, the controller send a signal to start processing. Some of the drum controller is composed by a mechanical operation, the internal implementation of the input sequence of events. The controller is generally used very simple robot system. Most of the robot controller in your system much more complex, reflecting the latest developments in electronic technology. They are controlled by the microprocessor, the operation more flexible. The controller can transmit signals in the communications line. This mechanical hand and two-way communication between the controllers conti