浅析汉语叠词的英译【毕业论文】10.doc

浅析汉语叠词的英译【毕业论文，】10 摘 要 在汉语中叠词是一种常见的语言现象 叠词韵律紧凑 在文中有很强的表现力和感染力 故在汉语中的使用频率很高但是由于中英文间不同的表达方式 汉语中叠词很难有效地翻译成英语本文先对汉语叠词进行系统的介绍然后就直译与意译两种翻译策略进行比较和分析结合实例介绍了汉语叠词的翻译方法在翻译过程中切不可生搬硬套需根据具体情况分析选择直译或意译即使正确地选择了翻译策略我们还必须了解汉语叠词英译的技巧通过对收集到的相关文献和资料进行分析与研究本文在最后一章介绍了七种汉语叠词英译的翻译技巧既准确表达汉语叠词的语义又尽量再现汉语叠词在形式上的美感由于汉语叠词的使用广泛本文在促进中西文化交流方面具有很强的现实意义关键词叠词翻译策略翻译技巧AbstractReduplicated Words is a common linguistic phenomenon in Chinese It has compact rhythm and a strong expressiveness and appeal in various literature works Because of this reduplicated words are frequently used in Chinese But there are so many differences between Chinese and English language that it is hard to translate Chinese reduplicated words into English effectively This article firstly has a systematic introduction of Chinese reduplicated words Then from comparison and analysis of literal and free translation strategies it introduces the methods and skills of the translation combining with some examples We must not apply the translation strategies mechanically and should choose the right one according to the concrete situation Even if we make the right choice of the translation strategy we should also learn and use some translation skills Through the analysis and research of relevant literatures and material the article in the last chapter presents in detail seven translation methods of Chinese reduplicated words By using these methods we can express the meaning of Chinese reduplicated words accurately and try to reproduce the beauty in Chinese reduplicated words Due to the wide use of Chinese reduplicated words the article has a strong practical significance in promoting the exchange between the Chinese and western cultures Key words reduplicated words translation strategy translation skillsContents摘 要 iAbstract iiIntroduction1Chapter 1 The Study of Chinese Reduplicated Words211 The Definition of Reduplicate Words212 The Forms of Reduplicated Words213 The Change of Semantic Meaning of Reduplicated Words3com Meaning Increasing3com Meaning Strengthening3com Meaning Weakening314 The Function of Reduplicated Words4com The Beauty of Rhythm4com The Beauty of Image5com The Beauty of Rhetoric6Chapter 2 The Translation Strategy on Chinese Reduplicated words 8 21 Literal Translation9 22 Free Translation11Chapter 3 The Translation Skills on Chinese Reduplicated Words1531 The Use of Every Every- Each All etc1532 The Use of Repetition1633 The Use of Plural form1734 The Use of Idioms1835 The Use of Fixed Structures19 com Have or GiveTakeetc a Noun Structure19 com Verb and Verb Structure1936 The Use of Onomatopoeia2037 The Use of Rhetoric Technique22com Alliteration22com Consonance23com Para Rhyme24Conclusion25Bibliography26AcknowledgementsIntroductionAs a special lexical phenomenon reduplicated words represent the beauty of the languages in rhythm image and expression They appear both in English and Chinese commonly Many people pay much attention to the research of reduplicated wordsReduplicated words are not only one of our great traditions of poetry in a variety of literary styles and are also used extensively in daily life so the English translation of Chinese reduplicated words is particularly important This thesis aims to systematically propose some skills of translating reduplicated words through the analysis of the English translation of Chinese reduplicated words in some classic Chinese literature worksWith the integration of China and the world more and more foreign friends in China have a strong interest in literature The five thousand years culture of our country would be inherited and developed In this cross-cultural communication process as an international common language English has become the most convenient communication tool While reduplicated words is widely used in old Chinathe English translation of it the key to could make our culture understood by foreigners Chapter1The Study of Chinese Reduplicated Words The Definition of Reduplicated WordsReduplicated Words also known as reduplicative words means grammatically functional repetition of a word They are used widely in the literature works as a common linguistic phenomenon As one of figure of speech with the feature of musicality exquisite rhythm and the beauty of imagery reduplicated words is an overlapping pattern of morpheme and syllable It can be a simple word or compound word Using reduplicated words could make the language vivid in rhythm The Form of Reduplicated WordsReduplicated Words are commonly used in Chinese Nouns verbs numerals quantifiers adjectives adverbs can be used as reduplicated words Usually its format can be divided into the following two categoriesComplete reduplicationAA嗡嗡慢慢天天渐渐AABB郁郁苍苍密密麻麻日日夜夜仔仔细细ABAB考虑考虑雪白雪白研究研究漆黑漆黑Partial reduplicationAAB散散步毛毛雨聊聊天唱唱歌ABB亮晶晶水汪汪笑眯眯绿油油AABC脉脉含情楚楚动人心心相印步步为营ABAC一举一动所作所为难兄难弟一心一意BCAA 风尘仆仆杨柳依依得意洋洋忧心忡忡A一A试一试读一读猜一猜看一看13 The Change of Semantic Meaning of Reduplicated Words Reduplicated words are not a simple repetition of the meaning but have their strict semantic features and implications great expansion of capability and creativityMeaning Increasing Some words like Nouns numerals quantifiers often increase the number of their own when they overlap which does not refer to the only one For example事事everything一群群groupsMeaning StrengtheningWhen adjectives adverbs quantifiers adverbs and verbs overlap by a specific format they can strengthen the meaning and have an effect of emphasis For example刚刚 just 轻轻的 gently 走着走着 walk When verbs and adjectives overlap by the format of ABAB the meaning levels are decreased by the euphemism expressed through reduplication The meaning of this action often expresses the meaning of having a try For example看一看 have a look 考虑考虑 take a consideration 14 The Function of Reduplicated WordsReduplicated words are made up by overlapping one or two words and characterized by a buoyant rhythm It is not a simple repetition of the words When it is used properly it can make the melody harmonious and express the idea clearly All of these can receive a better artistic effect and give the reader a feeling of joy of beautyFrom the rhetorical effect there are three main features of the reduplicated wordsThe Beauty of RhythmIn literature works the effect of rhythm is very important particularly in poetry Reduplicated words can make the poetry more harmonious in melody which make it easy to read and pleasant to listenFor example千千石楠树万万女贞林山山白鹭满涧涧白猿吟君莫向秋浦猿声碎客心白秋浦歌十七首之十The first four sentences of the poem use the overlapping words at the beginning of each verse which they are fast-paced and full of musical beautyThere are reduplicated words using to describe the musicFor example大弦嘈嘈如急雨小弦切切如私语嘈嘈切切错杂弹大珠小珠落玉盘The thick strings loudly thrummed like the pattering rainThe fine strings softly tinkled in a murmuring strainWhen mingling loud and soft notes were together played T was like large and small pearls dropping on plate of jadeThese reduplicated words in Chinese specifically express the strength speed lightness and heaviness of the musiccom The Beauty of ImageThe proper usage of the reduplicated words in poem will make the characters of natural scenery and individual vivid and appealingFor example迢迢牵牛星皎皎河汉女纤纤擢素手札札弄机杼盈盈一水间脉脉不得语 迢迢牵牛星Far far away the CowherdFair fair the Weaving MaidNimbly move her slender white fingersClick-clack goes her weaving-loomBut the stream brims always betweenAnd gazing at each other they cannot speakThe poem uses groups of reduplicated words to express the emotion of the Cowherd and Weaver Girls lingering feelingsSome verses which use certain reduplicated words are so subtle that they become richer in charm and attract peoples attention then become famous sentences through the ages繁枝容易纷纷落嫩蕊商量细细开 江畔独步寻花七绝句The words and 细细 can express their own emotion of loving flowers making the sentence a little crazy but actually sincere漠漠帆来重冥冥鸟去迟赋得暮雨送李胄Two groups of overlapping words make the image of 帆sails and 鸟birdsin the poetry more vivid com The Beauty of RhetoricReduplicated words make the word syllable symmetrical the form neat and can give new meaning and more emotion to the words which increase the appeal of the language It also makes the language more vivid rhyming and improves the appreciation of the value For example府吏马在前新妇车在后隐隐何甸甸俱会大道口古诗为焦仲卿妻作With 隐隐 and 甸甸 to imitate the sound of carriage it is very precise and render the sad atmosphere when Lanzhi was sent to home because of some reasons it makes us heavy-hearted Reduplicated words can also imitate every sound in our life飒飒秋风满院栽题菊花飒飒 the sound of the wind 凭栏处潇潇雨歇满江红潇潇rain唧唧复唧唧木兰辞Overlapping words 唧唧Mulans sigh precisely一道残阳铺水中半江瑟瑟半江红暮江吟瑟瑟to describe the color of the river that likes the ajadeBy using reduplicated words the verses achieve a special effect of rhetoricChapter 2 The Translation Strategy on Chinese Reduplicated WordsIn many kinds of literary translations verses translation is undoubtly the most difficult Verse is a literary form which arranges the short sentences with emotion as the phonology therefore the translator should not only transmit the content to the readers but also should make the translation matches with the art atmosphere The verse translator should use a lot of translation ways to show readers the images or implied meaning on the basis of understanding And the supreme level of verse translation is to build the image and meaning which is similar to the original pieceReduplication often is a highly complex morphological procedure which frequently interacts with other rules or processes Although there are some strong and dominating semantic correlations of reduplication the interaction of formal and functionalsemantic aspects presents itself cross-linguistically rather complex The translation of reduplicative words of Chinese reduplication is also complex in general the problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely It is the same in the translation of reduplicative words the style of reduplication translation literally or freely and which approach is better remains a question The translation of Chinese reduplication in literatures and oral language need careful consideration and systematic studyNextthere are a brief introduction about literal translation and free translation21 Literal TranslationLiteral translation refers to translating the source language accordingly keeping the original message form including construction of sentence meaning of the original words and metaphor of the original and so such Translation would be fluent and easy to comprehend by target language readers But this translation method also has its limitations It translates word for word Hence the translation is blunt and obscure with an inevitable emergence of cultural gaps One of the advantages of this method is that it is very faithful to the original Such as窗外雨潺潺Without the blind the rain is patteringThe original word 潺潺 is onomatopoeia referring to rain The translator used the present progressive of the word patter to give the readers a picture of a non-stop rain However 窗外 is translated as without the blind The translation of this word shows that although the rain seemed small it is endless It contrasts to the mood of loneliness and the situation of solitude caused by the drizzle better 独倚危楼风细细望极春愁黯黯生天际Alone I lean against the parapet of a high tower in a gentle breezeGazing into the distance where the grief of separationLooms on the horizon The reduplicated word 风细细 is translated as a gentle breeze which seems simple and clear And the word "loom" can express the meaning 黯黯 directly and accurately Many translators use this approach to translate Chinese reduplicated words Not only because it is concise direct and accurate more importantly it follows the principle of faithful to the original The second advantage of the literal translation is that it can use free verse to translate something beyond the limitations of rhythm but by the control of rhythm This translation method is loyal to the original and at the same time is a form of innovation念去去 千里烟波 暮霭沉沉楚天阔 柳永雨霖铃 You ll go your way Far far away On miles and miles away of misty waves where sail the shipsAnd evening clouds hang low in boundless Southern skies The three Chinese characters 念去去 in the original text are translated into two lines in English which it has the function of heightening the atmosphere especially the two latter lines Far far away were kind of reluctance to bid farewell which reflected the mood of unwillingness of separation and the sadness beyond words The word 沉沉 is translated into hang low which expresses departure time is so near that the left has to go in a mixed mood红蕖袅袅秋烟里 扬贵妃赠张云容舞 It is red lilies lotus lilies floating up and up out of autumn mist In this poem 袅袅 is also translated into two sentence Although the translation is longer than the target language it describes the beauty of that picture in the poemHowever this method is not appropriate for any case For example 寻寻觅觅冷冷清清凄凄惨惨戚戚李清照声声慢If we translate it into look lookcold coldsad sad sad it would seem cumbersome and unnatural and cant reach the effect of semantic matching and similar functions22 Free TranslationFree translation refers to translating according to the meaning of the original without paying attention to the details and translation would also be fluent and natural Free translation need not pay attention to the form of the original including construction of the original sentences meaning of the original works and metaphor of the original and so on But free translation does not mean to delete or add content to the original and translators must consider the original carefully and know its stress by translating it naturally and expressing the meaning of the originalFor example燕燕轻盈莺莺娇软 姜夔踏莎行燕燕轻盈My love graceful and slim In sweet and soft voiceIn the source language 燕燕 and 莺莺 refer to the lovers However they are translated into my love which express the real meaning of reduplicated words instead of into swallows and nightingales寸寸柔肠盈盈粉泪欧阳修踏莎行候馆梅残She is broken-hearted with tears on her powdered cheeks十年生死两茫茫苏轼江城子Ten years parted one living one deadIn the two sentences abovethe translations only express the meaning of whole sentence instead of translating word by word寻寻觅觅冷冷清清凄凄惨惨戚戚李清照声声慢I look for what I missI know not what it isI feel so sadso drearSo lonelywithout cheer 许渊冲译 At the beginning of this verse there are seven pairs of reduplicated words which reflect immediately the loneliness sadness and unspeakable melancholy of the poet in the autumn dusk The main functions of these pairs of reduplicat