雅思写作-论述类题目的写作课件.ppt

雅思写作,论述类题目的写作,By Jimmy Xu,论述类题目,?,?,?,当题目中出现了：,Discuss both views and give your own opinion.,即为论述类题目,论述类题目,?,?,?,?,?,?,段落结构：,开头段,：,给出个人立场（支持一方或者支持双方都可以）,主体段,1,：,正方的看法,主体段,2,：,反方的看法,主体段,3,：自己的看法,结尾段,（可省略）：总结自己的看法，也可总结双方立场,与观点类题目的区别,观点类题目可以完全支持或者完全反对,论述类题目不可以,观点类题目的主题段落可能是两反一正，或者两正,一反,论述类题目的主体段落必定是一正一反,?,?,?,?,特点解析,-1,?,论述类题目的前两段主体段，一定要说明持有不同,看法的人为什么是对的，不能质疑它们。,第,1,，,2,个主体段是在引述观点，需要讲到它们各自,的合理性,质疑它们会造成文章结构以及论述的混乱,如果不同意，在第三个主体段里表达即可,?,?,?,特点解析,-2,?,论述类题目的中心句会经常出现一些字眼,:,譬如,some people argue that,，,it is sometimes argued that,等。,因为这些表达不是在写自己的立场，而是在引述别,人的看法,?,特点解析,-3,?,特点,3.,论述类题目的中心句不需要写得很肯定,?,在论述类文章主体部分的第一段和第二段，在引述,别人的看法时，要经常写一些,may,，,might,，,are,likely to,，,sometimes,，,in some cases,，,can be,这样不,确定的表达,尽量不要用,should,must,certainly,definitely,clearly,等比较肯定的表达，因为这不是你最后的立场，你,只是在引述观点,?,特点解析,-4,?,论述类题目讨论你自己看法的主体段,(,也就是主体段,第三段,),可以作为结尾段,因为论述类题目的问法是,discuss both views arid give,your own opinion,也就意味着既然你在主体部分第三,段给出个人的看法，那么这一段当然可以作为结尾,段,?,论述类题目,?,?,例题,Some people say job satisfaction is more important than,job security;others think people cannot always enjoy,their jobs.So having a permanent job is more important.,Discuss both views and give your own opinion.,论述类题目,?,?,?,?,?,?,?,段落结构：五段式,论证方式：全面型,开头段,:,背景引入，观点改写,+,自己的立场,主体段,1:,稳定工作的好处,主体段,2:,工作满意放在首要位置的好处,主体段,3:,作者的立场,结尾段,:,再次申明自己的立场,Job,范文赏析,-,开头段,It is true that,seeking for a decent job is not as easy as,decades ago due to,the,economic recession,and,competitive job market.,Although,some may argue that,a,sense of satisfaction,towards their jobs is,crucial,personally,I believe that,a permanent job is more,meaningful.,Job,范文赏析,-,主体段,1,On the one hand,a permanent job can guarantee to,meet,employees,basic needs,.This is because,almost no one can,escape from,the reality.Everyday,we,are facing with,a variety,of expenses,such as,food,shelter,transport,bill and even,education tuition for children.With,a,relatively stable,job,people,especially,those in middle aged,can,cover,most,expenses,.In addition,those who,stay in the same company or,institute are more likely to,get a promotion,as they,show the,loyalty towards,their company.However,those who change,their jobs frequently may meet unintended outcomes.For,example,they may find difficult to support themselves and,raise their family members.,Job,范文赏析,-,主体段,2,On the other hand,those,advocates for pursuing a job,they love might regard,job satisfaction as,the priority,when finding an employment.,They believe,only,working,with friendly colleagues and employers and under a,flexible working time schedule,can they fulfill their,potential,and,accomplish all tasks,well.However,this idea,is unrealistic.For example,dozens of young graduates,have the bitter result because of their,immature thought,that is unemployment.,Job,范文赏析,-,主体段,3,In my opinion,there is no perfect job in the world.The,only thing we can do is to find a suitable job rather than a,perfect one.There is a,10,000 hours theory,in psychology,that,people who devote themselves to jobs and spend,more than 10,000 hours constantly can become experts,in that field.,This,theory tells us a plain fact that,no one,can achieve a sense of job satisfaction,without,years of,efforts and persistence.,Job,范文赏析,-,结尾段,In conclusion,people having a constant job,are more,likely,to have,a promising job career and wellbeing,.,课堂练习,-1,?,?,?,请给以下题目写出提纲,There is an increasing number of advertising,directed at children which encourages them to,buy goods such as toys and snacks.Many,parents are worried that these advertisements,may be harmful to children.However,some,companies claim that their advertising provides,children with useful information.,Discuss both views and give your own opinion.,思路构建,?,考试时需要在,5,分钟内进行构思，理清思路，找,出两个或三个贴切、有说服力、相互独立的论,据。,思路构建,?,大作文题目包罗万象，例如环境类题目和文化,类题目所包含的重要因素就有很大的不同，要,用一种套路去应对所有的写作题目，几乎是不,可能的。,三种方法,?,?,?,?,大作文话题构思的三种突破方法：,1.,以人为本法,2.,具体分类法,3.,核心词汇法,1.,以人为本法,?,?,?,人的需求,有哪些,?,身体上,(,健康,)VS,心理上,(,安全，求知，自信，被,尊重等,),物质上,(,生活需求离不开经济基础,)VS,精神上,(,文,化娱乐,),1.,以人为本法,?,?,?,1)More young people in the workforce change their,jobs or careers every few years.,What are the reasons for this?,Do the disadvantages outweigh the advantages?,1.,以人为本法,?,?,?,?,?,比如说，年轻人为什么要换工作：,1).,身体上,：建筑,/,销售工作,2).,心理上：不被领导尊重,/,客户同事认可,3).,物质上,：不谈薪资的老板都在耍流氓,4).,精神上,(,最高层面,),：我在故宫修文物,1.,以人为本法,?,?,?,2)Some people believe that time spent on television,video,and computer games can be beneficial to children.,Others believe this has,negative,effects on children.,Discuss both views and give your opinion.,1.,以人为本法,?,?,?,?,身体上,，玩电子游戏和看电视太久会对健康有伤害,(,视力，颈椎，肥胖等,),心理上,，不良的节目和游戏内容会对孩子的心理发展有害,(,电视里的色情，暴力等,),2,、具体分类法,?,?,有些作文题目很宽泛，看完题目后可思考为：,it depends.,一些具体情况下我支持正方,;,另一些情况下我支持反方。,2,、具体分类法,?,?,1)People can work or study on the internet without going to,school or company.,Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?,2,、具体分类法,?,?,?,具体来看，利弊都可以写：,好处,：节约通勤时间，避免堵车，不受复杂人事的干扰，,不受规章制度的限制和拘束。,坏处：交际能力下降，缺乏沟通能力。人会变得冷漠，不,了解外界的实际情况，与社会脱节,2,、具体分类法,?,?,2)Many people use distance-learning program(study material,post,TV,internet.etc)to study at home.But some people,think that it cannot bring the same benefits of attending,college.,To what extent do you agree or disagree?,2,、具体分类法,?,?,数学，地理等学科适合,远程教学,;,市场营销，人力资源等管理学科目需要强调人际交往能力,和需要小组讨论或者头脑风暴，那么他们更需要传统的,课,堂教学,。,3.,核心词汇法,?,有些题目中涉及的因素较多，各因素间关系复,杂，可抽出题目中的核心词汇，思考它们各自,的本质特点，来获得众多的思路或者论据。,3.,核心词汇法,?,?,?,Some people think success of life is based on hard,work and determination,but others think there are more important factors,like money and,personal,appearance.,Discuss both views and give your own opinion.,3.,核心词汇法,?,?,?,这道题目有四个核心词汇都要讨论到，,hard,work,and,determination,/,money,and,personal,appearance,。,生活的成功是,建立,在这四个,基础之上,要说先有,hard work and determination,然后才会,成功，如一个人首先要学习或工作努力，才能,成功。,3.,核心词汇法,?,?,学英语,运动员,条思路线索,12,STREEC,记忆方法,12,条线索的好处,?,?,?,覆盖到了社会生活里的几乎所有常见方面,具体化抽象的，难以理解的话题,顺藤摸瓜，避免头脑风暴时的随机性和或然性,例,1,?,人类在过去,100,年里，取得了重要进步的领域，有：,1.,科技,（,industrial technology,telecommunications technology,transport,technology,）,效率（,work more efficiently,more convenient,）,健康（,medical advances,improvements in healthcare services,diseases that,were incurable a century ago can be cured,）,乐趣（,have more entertainment choices,）,2.,3.,4.,?,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,人类仍然存在着严重问题的方面有：,安全（,rising crime rates,higher youth crime rates,）,环境（,global warming,air pollution,）,健康（,higher stress level,lack exercise,the increasing rates of heart disease,and high blood pressure,）,财务（,the growing gap between rich and poor,）,文化（,traditions and customs are disappearing,）,例,2,例,2,对每种犯罪都固定量刑的好处有：,1.,效率（,improve the efficiency of the court process,）,2.,安全（,deter criminals,）,3.,财务（,reduce the cost of lawsuits,）,例,2,考虑犯罪者的处境和动机的好处则有：,1.,权利（,respect the civil rights of the criminals,）,2.,责任（,more responsible,more convincing,）,更简化：,最近,10,年里全部真题的最常用,10,条理由,总结,?,?,?,雅思作文不需要中式写作的深刻思想，高深意,境,我们需要用清晰切题的分论点，以及逻辑的充,分论证，同时要用多样准确的语法词汇,雅思作文如此，何愁不得高分？,大作文写作流程,?,1.,读三遍题,?,2.,划出关键词,?,3.,通过三种方式和,12,条线索构思思路,?,4.,写提纲，提纲包括：观点，分论点，论据,?,5.33,分钟写作,?,6.2,分钟检查,课堂练习,-2,