最新轮机英语题库翻译.doc
加拿大公司就是根据年轻女性要充分展现自己个性的需求,将世界各地的珠类饰品汇集于“碧芝自制饰品店”内,由消费者自选、自组、自制,这样就能在每个消费者亲手制作、充分发挥她们的艺术想像力的基础上,创作出作品,达到展现个性的效果。10元以下 1050元 50100元 100元以上自制饰品一反传统的饰品消费模式,引导的是一种全新的饰品文化,所以非常容易被我们年轻的女生接受。月生活费人数(频率)百分比大学生对手工艺制作兴趣的调研服饰 学习用品 食品 休闲娱乐 小饰品“碧芝自制饰品店”拥有丰富的不可替代的异国风采和吸引人的魅力,理由是如此的简单:世界是每一个国家和民族都有自己的饰品文化,将其汇集进行再组合可以无穷繁衍。十字绣 编制类 银饰制品类 串珠首饰类附件(一):手工艺品,它运用不同的材料,通过不同的方式,经过自己亲手动手制作。看着自己亲自完成的作品时,感觉很不同哦。不论是01年的丝带编织风铃,02年的管织幸运星,03年的十字绣,04年的星座手链,还是今年风靡一时的针织围巾等这些手工艺品都是陪伴女生长大的象征。为此,这些多样化的作品制作对我们这一创业项目的今后的操作具有很大的启发作用。第一章 船舶动力装置0001 “ Before disconnecting the Oil pipe , would you flush the oil retained in the pipe _?”asked the oil barge owner 0001 B Aby using of fresh water (用淡水) Bwith compressed air(用压缩空气) Cby using Of sea water (用海水) Dwith chemical compound(用化学混合物) 油驳主人问:“在拆开油管前,你能否用压缩空气吹出保留在管路中的油呢?” 加油结束后,在拆卸油管前,一般用压缩空气吹洗残留在软管内的油。 0002 “Stand by an engine” means _。“发动机备车”意“使发动机准备起动”。 A“prepare to stop the engine ” (准备停止主机) B“assemble an engine on its bedplate” (在机座上装配主机) C“make an engine ready for starting” (使主机准备好以便起动) D“dismantle an engine ” (解体主机) 0002C0003 A _ is the foundation of the engine,without the support of which the shaft alignment in particular,and engine structure as whole,would inevitably be lost (机座是柴油机的基本,没有它的支撑柴油机整机结构的精确的轴线对中将会失去) AFrame (机架) BBedplate(机座) C. Cylinder (汽缸) DLiner(缸套) “机座”是发动机的基础。 0003 B 0004 _ are commonly used in mechanical-hydraulic governor to sense engine speeds (在机械液压式调速器中,飞重常被用来感应主机转速) ABulbs(n.鳞茎, 球形物)BBulks (n.大小, 体积, 大批, 大多数, 散装) CFlyweights (飞重) DFlywheels(飞轮、调速轮) 在机械一液压式调速器中,感受发动机速度的部件是“飞重”。 0004C 0005 _ are generally formed in the frame of the both in-line and Vee engines to give maintenance access to the crankshaft main and connecting rod large end beading 在直列和V型柴油机中,道门通常是被装来提供维修曲轴主轴承和连杆大端轴承的通道。 ADoors(道门) BAspirate gauzer(吸气滤网) CCoupling (法兰)DBlind (盲板) 直列式和型发动机的机架上一般都有维修通道(导门)。 0005A 0006_arrangements have low temperature and high temperature exhaust gas passing through adjacent ports,causing temperature differential problems for the linermaterial。回流扫气式布置有低温和高温气流通过邻近的气口,使缸套金属产生温差问题 ALoop scavenge (回流扫气) BCross scavenge (横流扫气) CUniflow scavenge (直流扫气 )DSupercharge(增压) 回流扫气中,扫气空气(温度较低)和废气(温度较高)经过相邻的气口。 0006A 0007 _became oval,it should be machined 十字头销变成椭圆形,它需要光车。 AThe upper half of cross-head bearing 十字头轴承上瓦 Bthe cross-head pin十字头销 CThe cross-head bearing十字头轴承 DThe cross-head guide plate十字头导板 0007B0008 _device is provided to prevent starting air from being admitted to the cylinder before the reversing is completed 一个联锁装置用来防止在盘车结束前允许起动空气进入气缸 联锁装置可用来防止在发动机换向完成前启动空气进入到气缸。 AAn automatic (n. 自动机械 adj.自动的, 无意识的, 机械的) BA transmission (n.播送, 发射, 传动, 传送, 传输, 转播) CA self-regulating (自动调节) DAn interlocking (.联锁的) 0008D0009 _fuel oils _ lubricating oils require treatment before passing to the engine 在进入主机前燃油和滑油均需进行处理。(燃油和滑油在进入发动机之前,都需要经过处理。 ) 0009 A ABothand (两者都-) BNeithernor .两者都不 CEitheror(只能二选一的) DBothor (没此搭配)0010 _is sometimes used for piston cooling since leaks into the crankcase would not cause problems润滑油有时用来冷却活塞,因为它漏泄到曲轴箱不会产生问题 0010 C 滑油用作活塞冷却的一个好处是漏到曲柄箱不会产生污染问题。 ADiesel oil ( 柴油) BHydraulic Oil( 液压油, 水力(系统用)油) CLube oil(.润滑油)DMineral oil( 矿物油) 0011 _ is the removal of exhaust gases by blowing in fresh air 扫气是通过鼓进新鲜空气而清除废气。(通过吹人新鲜空气去除废气的过程叫“扫气”。A项意“气体交换”;B项意“充气”) 项意“增压”。 AGas exchange (交换气体) BCharging (.装料,炉料或增压) CScavenging (扫气) DSupercharging (增压) 0011 C 0012 _ is used for cylinder and cylinder head,the salt water is used for cooling the lubricating oil,the fresh water in the coolers and the charging air in the air cooler 淡水用来冷却汽缸和气缸盖,海水用来冷却滑油,淡水在冷却器里,增压空气在空气冷器中 AThe fuel oil (燃油) BThe lube oil(滑油) CThe sea water (海水) DThe fresh water (淡水) 用作气缸和气缸头冷却的是淡水。 0012D0013 _ may be the first possible cause which makes the engine to lose power or slow down when it is running当柴油机运行时,轴承发热是引起柴油机功率损失或转速下 降先要的可能原因 (发动机运行过程中功率下降或失速的第一可能原因是轴承过热。) AHot bearing (轴承发热) BStarting valves(起动阀) CUnequal distribution of load (负荷分荷环均匀) DExcessive crankshaft clearance(轴承间隙过大) 0013 A 0014 _ of an engine crankshaft can be detected by measuring detections of crank webs for each unit of the engine 柴油机轴线失中情况可通过测量柴油机曲轴各个单位曲柄不同位置的臂距值进行判断。(发动机曲轴失中可以通过测量臂距差来判断。) AMisalignment失中Blength (n.长度, 长, 时间的长短, 语音长) 0014A CStrength ( n.力, 力量, 力气, 实力, 兵力, 浓度)DStresses (n.重压, 逼迫, 压力, 重点, 着重, 强调, 重音)vt. 着重, 强调, 重读0015 _of the A-frames there is a strong cast iron frame called the scavenging air box 在A-型机架的顶部有一个称为扫气箱的坚固的铸铁结构(发动机A字架的顶部有扫气箱。) AAt the top (在顶部) BAt the bottom (在底部) 0015A CIn the top (无此结构)DIn the bottom (无此结构)0016 _ pistons have low inertia and high coefficient of thermal expansion 铝活塞具有惯性低和热膨胀系数高的(特点)。 (铝质活塞具有惯性小(重量轻)、热膨胀系数大的特点。) ACast iron (n.铸铁, 锻铁)BCast steel (坩埚钢,铸钢) 0016D CForged steel (铸钢) DAluminum (铝)0017 _ scavenging means both exhaust ports and scavenging ports are arranged to the same side回流扫气意思是扫气口和排气口都布置在同一侧。)回流扫气式发动机中,扫气口和排气口布置在同一侧。 ) 0017C AUniflow (直流) BCross(横流) C.Loop(回流) DStraight(直的)0018 _ Should not undertake any task which will interfere with the supervision duties relating to the main machinery and associated equipment 0018A 值班人员不应分派任何将妨碍管理主机和辅机职责的任务。(值班人员不能做任何影响其对主要机械和相关设备监视职责的工作。) AThe watch keeping personnel (值班人员) BThe chief engineer(轮机长) CThe person on a bunker barge (油驳上的人员) DAny of the above (以上任一个)0019 _ tappet clearance will cause the exhaust valve to open early and close late in cycle and will increase its maximum lift. 0019 B 排气阀间隙过小将引起其在一循环中早开迟关并增加其升程。 AExcessive (adj.过多的, 过分的, 额外) BInsufficient(adj.不足的, 不够的n.不足) CCorrect (adj.正确的, 恰当的, 端正的vt.改正, 纠正, 告诫, 惩戒) D. None of the above (以上都不是) 气阀推杆间隙过小会引起排气阀过早打开、过晚关闭。0020 _ tappet clearance will cause the exhaust valve to open late and close early in cycle and will reduce its maximum lift 0020 C 排气阀间隙过大将引起其在一循环中迟开早关并减少其升程。 ACorrect (adj.正确的, 恰当的, 端正的vt.改正, 纠正, 告诫, 惩戒) BInsufficient (adj.不足的, 不够的n.不足) CExcessive (adj.过多的, 过分的, 额外) DNone of the above(以上都不是)气阀推杆间隙过大会引起排气阀过晚打开、过早关闭。0021_ tappet clearance will cause the exhaust valve to open late and close early in cycle and will reduce its maximum lift 0021 C 排气阀间隙过大将引起其在一循环中迟开早关并减少其升程。 ACorrect (adj.正确的, 恰当的, 端正的vt.改正, 纠正, 告诫, 惩戒) BInsufficient (adj.不足的, 不够的n.不足) CExcessive (adj.过多的, 过分的, 额外) DNone of the above is correct (以上都不是) ( 此题与0020题重复)0022 _ the cylinder will contain a great weight of air and will be capable of burning a great quantity of fuel选项中,较合理的答案只能是A。更好的答案应该是“At the end ofthe compression stroke”。意即“在压缩冲程结束时,气缸中有大量的空气并能燃烧大量的燃油”。 在压缩行程初汽缸内将容纳了能大量能点燃大量的燃油的空气。 AAt the beginning of the compression stroke 压缩行程初 0022A BAt the beginning of the suction stroke 吸气行程初 CAt the end of the working stroke 工作行程未 DAt the end of the exhaust stroke 排气行程未0023 _ the supercharge pressure is, _ power an engine develops 增压压力越大,柴油机输出功率越大。 0023 A AThe higherthe more 越高-越多 BHighermore 比较高/比较多 CHigher /little 比较高/比较少 DThe higherthe less越高-越少 0024 _device is provided to prevent starting air from being admitted to the cylinder before the reversing is completed 一个联锁装置用来防止在盘车结束前允许起动空气进入气缸 AAn automatic (n. 自动机械 adj.自动的, 无意识的, 机械的) 0024C BA transmission (n.播送, 发射, 传动, 传送, 传输, 转播) C An interlocking (.联锁的) D A self-regulating (自动调节) (此题与0008题重复)0025 _ is not properly set thus causing either advanced or retarded firing 一台喷油泵定时不确,因此引起的不是早燃就是后燃。 0025B AA piston (一个活塞) 燃油喷射泵没有正确调定,引起发火过早或过晚。 BA fuel injection pump (一台喷油泵) CA feed water pump (一台供水泵) DA lube oil pump (一台滑油泵)0026 _ means(that) both exhaust ports and scavenging ports are arranged on the same side回流扫气意思是扫气口和排气口都布置在同一侧。 0026C AUniflow scavenging (直流扫气) BCross scavenging (横流扫气) C.Loop scavenging(回流扫气) DStraight scavenging(直的扫气) (此题与0017题重复)0027 _ rods are not in proper condition so that too much fuel is supplied to the corresponding cylinder调节杆调节不当以致造成相应汽缸供油过多。 (燃油)调节杆没有在正确的位置,以致太多的燃油供应到相应的气缸中去了。 0027C Apiston (活塞) B、Sounding(探测、测深) CRegulating(调节) DConnecting(连接, 管接头, 套管) 0028 _ shows 12 meter and the specific gravity of the oil is 096According to the measuring scale,that makes 150 tons量油杆显示油位12m。 测深杆显示是1.2米而油的比重是0.96,根据测量刻度总共是150吨油。 AThe piston rod (活塞杆) BThe push rod(推杆) 0028C CThe sounding rod(测深杆)DThe connecting rod(连杆) 0029 _ allows for expansion and water make up the water cooling system 高位水箱(膨胀水箱)允许膨胀和向冷却水系统供水。 0029 B AA top tank (顶部箱) BA head tank (落差贮水池、 高位水池、 压力槽、压头箱) CA head valve(头阀) DA drain tank(排水槽、 储油槽) 冷却水系统中的高置水箱(膨胀水箱)用来供冷却水膨胀和补水。 0030 _ at the end of the distribution pipe ensures that adequate pressure is maintained by the pump在分配管的未端的一只警报器用来保证泵能保持足够的压力。 AA relief valve (一个安全阀) BAn alarm(一只警报器) 0030 B CA pressure gauge (一个压力计)D、A non-return valve(一个止回阀) 分配管端的报警设备用来确保泵维持足够的压力。0031 _ is used for washing and drinking(生活水系统是用来冲洗和饮用。 0031 D A、The ballast system (压载水系统) BThe salt water system(海水系统) CThe bilge system(舱底水系统) DThe domestic system(生活水系统) 船舶日用水系统提供盥洗水和饮用水。 0032 _ provide the water to the pistons(伸缩管供水到活塞) 伸缩管用来向活塞提供冷却水0032C APneumatic pipes (空气管) BHydraulic pipes(液压管) CTelescopic pipes (伸缩管) D. Operating gas pipes(工作气体管) 0033 _ are fitted in the exhaust system and facilitate charge removal and scavenging in each cylinder (在排气系统安装有扩压器,以便各缸的增压空气易于吸入和扫除废气)。 ADiffusers(扩压器) B、Compressors(压缩机) 0033 A CSteam boilers(蒸汽锅炉) DSoot blowers(吹灰器) 发动机排气系统中装备的扩压器有助于排气和扫气。 0034 _are formed by abrasive particles entering the bearing and scoring the shaft groove 凹槽是由进入轴承的磨料和轴划痕引起。 磨粒进入到轴承并在轴上划痕,这样便形成了凹槽。 0034A AGrooves(凹槽)BRecesses( 凹进处)CRidges 背脊 DNips(日本佬的)0035 _ are mounted on and bolted to the bed-plate cross girders 机架用螺丝固定在机座横梁。(发动机的机架安装在机座的横梁上并用螺栓与之固定。) AThe crankshaft 曲轴 BThe crankcase 曲柄曲箱 0035D C、The guide-ways 向导 DThe frames 机架0036 _ is a precaution which contributes to avoiding trouble under normal operating conditions不间断监视是为了避免在正常运转条件下出现故障。(连续检查有助于避免在正常运行状态下产生故障。) 0036A AConstant inspection(不间断监视) BKeeping constant load(保持恒定的负荷) CRemaining constant temperature(保持恒定的温度) D、varying speed( 改变速度)0037 _ is a source of power by which the diesel engine may operate 热能是柴油机能运行的动力源 (热能是发动机功率的来源。) 0037D A、Water energy 水能 BElectrical energy 电能 CChemical energy 化学能 DHeat energy 热能0038 _ is arranged for cleaning the lubricating oil in the system and clean oil can be provided from a storage tank离心分油机是用来清洁从储存柜供来的润滑油系统的润滑油 0038B AA filter 过滤器 B、A centrifuge 离心分油机 C、A distiller 蒸馏器DA generator.发电机 滑油系统中,离心式分油机用来清洁滑油。与选项A(滤器)相比,B更合适。0039 _ is fully floating in both connecting rod small end and the piston shirt 0039C 活塞销完全浮动于连杆小端与活塞裙间(在二冲程柴油机中 ,活塞销一般是全浮动式的。) AThe piston rod 活塞杆 BThe cross head pin 十字头销 CThe gudgeon pin (耳轴销、活塞销、舵栓) DThe crank-pin 曲柄销0040 _ is made of a boss with separated blades mounted into it 调距桨是由一个带有独立叶片装进其中的轮毂制成。 (调距桨有桨毂和安装在桨毂上的几个桨叶组成。) 0040 A AA variable pitch propeller调距桨 BA variable pitch nut 调距螺母 CA fixed pitch parallel 等距线 D、A fixed pitch screw 等距螺丝0041 _ is usually driven by the engine camshaft and supplies pilot air to the cylinder air start valve 空气分配器多是由凸轮轴驱动而其供应先导空气给气缸起动阀。 0041 D ( 空气分配器一般由发动机的凸轮轴驱动,其作用是供应控制空气到气缸空气启动阀。) AAn air receiver 空气接收器 BAn operating valve 动作阀、 操纵阀 CAn automatic valve 自动阀 DAn air distributor 空气分配器CThe inhabitant居民the water 水 DThe additives添加剂the distilled water .蒸馏水0042 _ neutralizes the acid conditions and_cleanses the rings and grooves 碱中和酸同时清洁环和环 槽。(发动机气缸油添加剂中,碱性物质用来中和酸性产物;清洁剂用来清洁活塞环和环槽。) 0042B AThe detergency.去垢性,去垢力,洗净(作用)the alkalinity 碱度 BThe alkalinity碱度the detergency去垢性,去垢力,洗净(作用)0043 _ of the controllable pitch propeller enables the blades to be moved to change the pitch angle调距螺旋桨的内部机构能使桨叶移动而改变螺旋角。 0043 B AAn external mechanism外部机构 BAn internal mechanism内部机构 CAn interlock device 互锁装置 DA hunting gear system 随动系统 调距桨内部机构(调距机构)能使桨叶转动以改变螺距。0044 _ on a ship transmits power from the engine to the propeller 0004C 船舶传动系统从柴油机传递动力到螺旋桨 (船上的推进系统把来自于发动机的功率传递给螺旋桨。) AAutomatic control system 自动控制系统 BSpeed regularly system调速系统 CThe transmission system 传动系统 DCompression air system压缩空气系统 0045 _ or air venting arrangement is fitted to the fuel supply passage 0045D 供油管路装有灌注或排气口。(燃油供应管道中装备有放空气设备。)AAn air pump 抽气机BA compressor 压缩机 CA fuel pump 燃油泵DA priming 灌注口0046 _ providing lubricating films,oil used in marine diesel engines have to remove heat from oil coo1ed piston船用柴油机润滑油除了提供润滑油膜外,还从活塞带出热量而冷却活塞。 0046D AExcept for 除.以外 B、Beside .在旁边, 和.比较 CExcept .除了.之外, 若不是, 除非conj.只是, 要不是 Din addition .除.之外用在船用柴油机中的滑油,除了能提供润滑油膜外,还能带走活塞中的热量。注意“in ionto”和“except”两者的区别。0047 _ the engines,the diesel engine is _ used engine on board 0047B 在发动机中,柴油机在船上的应用最广泛。 ABetweenmore commonly BAmongthe most commonly CBetweennot more commonly DAmongnot the most commonly在发动机中,柴油机用在船舶上最普遍。“among”指“三者及三者以上之中”。注意与 NeeH”用法的区别。 0048 _ water is more expensive than fresh water,It has high specific heat and low Viscosity蒸馏水比淡水更昂贵,它具有高比热低粘度的特性。 0048A ADistilled adj.由蒸馏得来的 BDistilling 蒸馏(作用) CBoiling adj.沸腾的, 激昂的adv.沸腾 DBoiled 清水罐头(以水或稀盐水作汤汁的罐头) 煮沸的 煮熟的“distilled water"指造水机造出来的淡水。0049 _ for the camshaft gear train is taken from a spur gear which for a six cylinder engine is at the coupling end(凸轮轴齿轮系的驱动力来自于正齿轮,对于六缸的发动机,该齿轮位于联轴器端。) 六缸柴油机的凸轮轴齿轮传动链的驱动力从位于 联轴节端的正齿轮获得。 0049 B AThe driven gear 驱动齿轮 BThe drive 驱动力 CThe grease 油脂 DThe lubricating oil 滑油 0050 _ in what position the engine stops there will always be at least one of the cylinders with its starting air valve open to admit compressed air to start the engine不管柴油机停止在何位置,至少有一个气缸的空气起动阀处于打开位置以允许空气进入气缸起动柴油机。 0050 D ABecause 多用于表示直接原因 BOwing to 由于, 因.之缘故 C、For prep.(表示目的)为了, 因为, 至于, 对于, 适合于conj.因为 DNo matter 不管不管发动机停车在什么位置,至少有一个气缸,它的启动空气阀处在开启状态,以允许 空气进入启动发动机。该句表达的是让步状语从句。0051 _ is secured by means of side-chock bolts and end-chock bolts 机座是由称为侧楔垫螺栓和端楔垫螺栓固定。 0051 A AThe bedplate机座 BThe column 圆柱, 柱壮物, 专栏, 纵队 CThe main bearing 主轴承 DThe double bottom双层底 机座分别通过侧向和端向螺栓(与底座)固定。 0052 _ controls the fuel Oil tempera