血液 组织胚胎学课件.ppt
Chapter 5blood and blood formation,1.Blood RBC(red blood cell)red fluid cell WBC+PL connective tissue intercellular substanceground substance:serum fiber:fibrinogen/fibrin blood plasma,1).RBC(erythrocyte):biconcave disc,7.58.5m,central 1m,periphery 2m hemoglobin(Hb)Wrights stain tangerine color function:transport oxygen and carbon dioxide,anemia:RBC 31012/L Hb 100g/L RBC 6m Hb Microcyte macrocyte,erythrocytosis:increased number of RBC,Approximate number per L,hemolysis(溶血):osmotic pressure ghost 血影,reticulocyte:adult:0.51.5%infant:36%,2).WBC(white blood cell,leukocyte),no colour at fresh statecalled WBC normal number:(410)109/L classification:granulocyte:Neutrophil,Eosinophil,Basophil agranulocyte:Monocyte,Lymphocyte,(1).Neutrophil:5070%,structure:spherical,1012m nucleus:band form or stab cell lobate:25 lobes left migration right migration,granules:1.azurophilic granules:purple,20%,lysosome acidic phosphatase,hyperoxidase 2.special granules:pink,80%,smaller phagocytin lysozyme,中性粒细胞电镜图（特殊颗粒 嗜天青颗粒）,the function of Neutrophil:active ameboid movement,chemotaxia and phagocytosis pus cell(sputum),中性粒细胞吞噬细菌电镜图,细胞核,特殊颗粒,吞噬的细菌,糖原,吞噬体,The function of Neutrophil:active ameboid movement,chemotaxia and phagocytosis pus cell(sputum),(2).Eosinophil:0.53%,structure:1015m,23 lobes,acidophilic granules acid phosphatase,hyperoxidase,histaminase,aryl sulfatase,function:,1.resist anaphylaxis:engulf antigen-antibody complex release histaminase inactivating histamine release aryl sulfatase inactivatin leukotriene 2.kill parasite:helped by antibody,嗜酸性粒细胞超微结构,(3).Basophil:01%,structure:1012m nucleus:irregular,pale staining purple blue granules with different size heparin,histamine,leukotriene,嗜碱性粒细胞超微结构,(4).Monocyte:38%,structure:1420m,round nucleus:pale staining kidney,horseshoe or ovoid shaped,grey-bluish cytoplasm azurophilic granules acidic phosphatase,hyperoxidase,lysozyme,function:phagocytosis-macrophagemononuclear phagocytic system,单核细胞超微结构,(5).Lymphocyte:2030%,structure:round 68m:small L 912m:middle L 1320m:large L azurophilic granules,small Llarge nucleus dense chromatin a little cytoplasm sky-blue,淋巴细胞超微结构,T:thymus dependant L cellular immunity 细胞免疫B:bone marrow dependent L humoral immunity 体液免疫NK:Nature killer lymphocyte,3).blood platelet(thrombocyte):,Originate from megakaryocyte biconvex disc，2-4m granulomere hyalomere,图20 血小板超微结构模式图,EM:open canalicular system,dense tubular system special granules:clotting factor dense granule:serotonin,adrenaline,图5-9 血小板超微结构,normal number:(100300)109/L,Function:clot blood and stop bleeding:blood vessels rupturePt activited collect stop bleeding clotting factors fibrinogen fibrin clotting blood protect and repair endothelium prevent atherosclerosis,2.Blood formation life span:RBC-120 day WBC-days,weeks,years embryo:2th week blood islets(yolk sac)6th week liver 12th week spleen 20th week bone marrow,1).structure of red bone marrow:red bone marrow:fetus,infant；adult:spongy bone yellow bone marrow:bone cavity of long bone,2.stromal cell:macrophage,fat cell,mesenchymal cells,fibroblast,HIM:hematopoietic inductive microenvironment,hematopoietic tissue:1.reticular tissue,3.blood cells at different stage of development:,blood sinusoid:endothelium:fenestrated,large intercellular space 2.basement membrane:incomplete,红骨髓切片 1血窦 2巨核细胞 3脂肪细胞,2).hematopoietic stem cell&hematopoietic progenitor:,1.hematopoietic stem cell:structure:similar to small lymphocyte characters:,multipotential differentiation self-renewing capability proliferative capability,2.hematopoietic progenitor-committed stem cell colony stimulating factor certain blood cell,have been determined progenitors:progenitor of RBC system:(erythropoietin)progenitor of neutrophil-macrophage syste(granulopioetin)progenitor of megakaryocyte system(thrombopoietin),3).Blood formation 1.developing stages:primitive stage,young stage,mature stage,血细胞发生示意图,3.developing process:,erythropoiesis:proerythroblast 原红 early erythroblast早幼红 intermediate erythroblast 中幼红 late erythroblast 晚幼红 reticulocyte,granulopoiesis:Myeloblast 原粒Promyelocyte 早幼粒Myelocyte中幼粒:Metamyelocyte 晚幼粒:,monopoiesis:monoblast promonocyte monocyte,原单核细胞 幼单核细胞 单核细胞,骨髓涂片示血小板从巨核细胞脱落,thrombopoiesis:megakaryoblast 原巨核 promegakaryocyte 幼巨核 megakaryocyte 巨核cytoplasmplatelet,40-70m,lobate nucleus,图34 人巨核细胞电镜图(1细胞核 2血小板颗粒 3分隔小管),thank you,
