新概念英语第二册笔记_第93课.doc

Lesson 93 A noble gift  崇高的礼物【Text】One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France. The great statue, which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, took ten years to complete. The actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by Eiffel. Before it could be transported to the United States, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built.  The site chosen was an island at the entrance of New York Harbour. By 1884, a statue which was 151 feet tall had been erected in Paris. The following year, it was taken to pieces and sent to America. By the end of October 1886, the statue had been put together again and it was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi. Ever since then, the great monument has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour to make their homes in America.【课文翻译】世界上最著名的纪念碑之一的自由女神雕像是在19世纪时由法国人民赠送给美国的。这 座由雕像家奥古斯特.巴索尔地设计的巨大雕像是用10年时间雕像刻成的。这座雕像的主体是用铜制成的，由艾菲尔特制的金属框架支撑着。在雕像被运往美国之 前，必须为它选好一块场地，同时必须建造一个基座。场地选在了纽约港入口处的一个鸟上。到1884年，一座高度达151英尺的雕像在巴黎建立起来了。第二 年，它被拆成若干小块，运到美国。到1886年10月底，这座雕像被重新组装起来，由巴索尔地正式赠送给美国人民。从那时起，这座伟大的纪念碑对通过纽约 港进入美国定居的千百万人来说就一直是自由的象征。New words and expressions 生词和短语noble adj. 高尚的，壮丽的 monument n. 纪念碑statue n. 雕像 liberty n. 自由present v. 赠送 sculptor n. 雕刻家actual adj. 实际的，真实的 copper n. 铜support v. 支持，支撑 framework n. 构架，框架transport v. 运送 site n. 场地pedestal n. 底座【生词讲解】1. noble 1）adj. 高尚的，高贵的 ignoble  ignubl a.卑鄙的a noble mind 崇高的思想2）adj. 贵族的、高贵的a man of noble birth 出身高贵的人 ； a noble family 名门望族3）壮丽的、庄严的、宏伟的 a noble oak 一颗极大的橡树2. monument1）n. 纪念碑a monument to soldiers killed in the war 阵亡将士纪念碑. eg：People erected a monument in his honor. 人们为了纪念他，为他建立一个纪念碑。2）n. 史迹、遗迹an ancient monument 古代遗迹；a national monument 自然纪念物3）n. 不朽的成就、丰功伟业eg：Shakespeare's plays remain as monuments to his genius.莎士比亚的戏剧是他天才的不朽著作。3. statue n. 雕像a bronze statue 铜像 ； a statue of Buddha 佛像the Statue of Liberty 自由女神像statuesque .stætju'esk  adj. 雕像般的, 均衡的, 轮廓极美的a statuette 小雕像4. liberty 1）n. 自由、解放religious liberty 宗教自由eg：Give me liberty, or give me death. 不自由,毋宁死!liberty to do sth 许可,准许做某事eg：You have liberty to use all the library facilities. 你可以使用图书馆中的所有设施.eg：You have/are at liberty to say what you like. 你尽可以畅所欲言.2） n. 自由、权力civil liberties 民权、civil liberty的复数eg：You have the liberty to vote. 你有自由投票权3） 随便、任意、不客气take a liberty be guilty of a liberty 无礼take the liberty of doing sth take the liberty to do sth冒昧地做某事eg：I take the liberty to us use your phone. 我冒昧地用你的电话set sb at liberty 释放 ； set a hostage at liberty 释放一个人质5. present  prizent, 1）v. 赠送、贡献、呈递present sth to sb present sb with sth 将.赠送某人eg：The principal presented a diploma to each of the graduates. The principal presented each of the graduates with a diploma . 校长把毕业生的文凭一授予给毕业生。eg：The prize was presented to the winner. 奖被颁给获胜者。 The winner was presented with the prize .2）v. 提出、交出、显示eg：I presented the letter of introduction to the receptionist. 我将介绍信交给了接待员。present a calm face 不露生色6. sculptor n. 雕刻家sculpture n. 雕刻术、雕刻品eg：He studies sculpture. 他学习雕刻术eg：He made a beautiful sculpture. 他雕刻了一个漂亮的作品。7. actual adj. 实际的，真实的an actual happening 真实的事件the actual conditions 现实的情况eg：The actual price was lower than I had thought. 实际价格低于我索推想的。in actual fact 实际上actuality  æktu'æliti  n. 实在, 现实, 现状in actuality 实际上; 事实上actually adv. 1） 实际上、事实上eg：Did you actually see the accident ？你真的看到这起事故？eg：He looked calm, but actually he was very nervous . 他看起来平静，但实际上很紧张。2） adv. 真的、竟然eg：That big-bodied Tom actually fainted at the scene . 大块头汤姆竟然晕倒在现场。8. copper 1）n. 铜 2） 铜币 penny 便士 ； halfpenny 半便士3）（口语）警察 俚语中用 cop 9. support 1） v. 支持，支撑eg： That bench wont support four people.这长板凳无法支撑四个人。eg： Tom was supported by his friend on either side. 汤姆两侧都有朋友扶持着。eg：I dont support his opinion that the defense expenditure must be increased. 我不赞成他增加防御开支的观点。2）v. 扶养、赡养eg：He supports a large family. 他养一个大家族。3） n. 支撑、支持、支撑物eg：The table has three supports. 这个桌子只有三只脚。eg：The bridge will fall down if we dont add more support. 如果我们不添加更多的支撑物这座桥会跨下来。4） n. 维持生技计、维持生计者eg：Father is the chief support of my family. 父亲是我们家的维持生计者。a mean of support 维持生计的方法10. framework 1） n. 构架，框架2） n. 构造、机构、组织the framework of society 社会结构 frame 1） n. 骨架 the frame of a ship 船的骨架the frame of a car 车的骨架eg：The frame of the house was completed in a week.房子骨架在一个星期内完成。2）n.（窗等的） 框架、装饰框eg：The paintings in the museum have gold frames around them .在博物馆里的画周围用金框装饰。3） n.体格a person with a strong frame 一个具有强壮体格的人。11. transport 1） v. 运送、输送eg：The yellow bus transports passengers from the airport to the city.黄色的公共汽车运输旅客从机场到城市。eg：The goods were transported by plane. 空运货物。eg：The goods were transported by ship. 用船运货物。be transported with 为心荡神驰eg：He was transported with joy. 他喜不自胜。2）transport n. 输送、运送、交通工具 transportation （美） the transportation of vegetables to distant parts of the country. the transport of vegetables to distant parts of the country 蔬菜运输到遥远的地方的地区eg：Have you got transport to the party ？去参加宴会你有交通工具？12. site 1）n. 场地eg：The site for the new school has been bought .working site 工地（2） n. 地点、现场the site of an old palace 旧宫殿的地址cite 引用、举例 ； sight 视野、视线13. pedestal1) n. 底座2）n. 桌子（两侧有抽屉） 的支撑put a person on a pedestal 崇拜某人 set a person on a pedestal 【课文讲解】1) One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France. was presented to 被赠送present n. preznt n. 礼物 v.  prizent, 赠送accent n. æksnt 口音 v. æksent重读conduct n.  kndkt n.行为；管理(方式) v. kn'dkt 为人contest n. kntest 竞赛 v.  kntest, 竞争、争辩contrast n. 'kntræst 对比 v. kn'træst使对比export n. 'eksp:t 出口 v.  eks'p:t import n. imp:t v. imp:t, 进口increase n.  inkri:s v.  inkri:s 增加insult n.  inslt v. inslt 侮辱produce n. prdju:s 产量 v.prdju:s 生产protest n. prutest 抗议书 v. prtest 抗议record n. rek:d 录音 v. rik:d (将声音等)录下transport n. trænsp:t n. 运输 v. træns'p:t   运输 one of 引导的短语（其后面名词要用复数）与 the Statue of同位语eg: She is one of the best students in our class. the people 通常指某个国家的人民，指复数的“人们”时通常不用 the：eg: It was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi.它由巴索尔地正式赠送给美国人民。eg: He never pays attention to what people say.他从不在乎人们会说什么。eg: A lot of / Few people went to their wedding.许多没几个人参加（了）他们的婚礼。2. The great statue, which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, took ten years to complete. take to do 花去做eg：It took us thirty minutes to walk from here to the station .就从这里步行到车站，我们花了三十分钟。 eg：It took him a lot of money to buy a fur coat .他花了很多钱，买了一件裘皮大衣。eg：It will take a lot of courage to tell the truth .说出真相这将需要很多的勇气。花费的几个词语表达 spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构： (1) spend time money on sth. 在上花费时间(金钱)。 eg：I spent two hours on this maths problem.   这道数学题花了我两个小时。 (2) spend time money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。 eg：They spent two years (in) building this bridge.   造这座桥花了他们两年时间。 (3) spend money for sth. 花钱买。 eg：His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。   cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示"值"， 常见用法如下： (1)sth. costs (sb.) 金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。 eg：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。 2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) 时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。 eg：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。  注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。    take后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种：通常用某事、某物做主语，或用形式主语it. 1) It takes sb. 时间to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。 eg：It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。  2) doing sth. takes sb. 时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。 eg：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。   pay的基本用法是： 1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买。 eg：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。 2) pay for sth. 付的钱。 eg：I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。 3) pay for sb. 替某人付钱。 eg：Dont worry!I'll pay for you. 别担心， 我会给你付钱的。 4) pay sb. 付钱给某人。  eg: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。 5) pay money back 还钱。 eg：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。 6) pay off one's money还清钱。3. The actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by Eiffel. made of 指用某种材料制成，并且原材料的性质或形状没变，从成品可以看出其原材料。eg: This chair is made of wood. 这椅子是木制的。 made from 表示用数种材料制成，或者是制造后改变了材料原来的性质或形状：eg: Paper can be made from wood. 用木材可以造纸。figure1) 数字eg: Write the figure 7 for me.给我写个7字2) 身材,体形,体态eg: She has an attractive figure. 她有迷人的曲线。eg: I am dieting to keep my figure. 我正在节食以保持身材3) 人影eg: I saw a figure in the darkness. 我看到暗处有一个人影。4) 图表;图解eg: Our textbook has many figures to help explain the lessons. 我们的教科书有许多图表帮助解释课文。5) v. 估计+that,料到eg: How do you figure that? 你如何料到的?eg:I figured (that) you wouldn't come.我料想你不会来.6) figure out 了解，弄明白eg: I can't figure out why he quit his job.7) 计算eg: Please help me to figure out my income tax.请帮我算一下我的所得税。8) That doesn't figure!(美,口语)那没道理!4. Before it could be transported to the United States, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built. The site chosen was an island at the entrance of New York Harbour. at the entrance of 入口处entrance 入口 exit 出口the site chosen=the site which was chosen这里用过去分词做后置定语,与定语从句的作用相同.Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?5. By 1884, a statue which was 151 feet tall had been erected in Paris. erect1） v. 建造 build eg：Theyre planning to erect a monument. 他们正筹划竖立一座纪念碑2） v. 竖立、竖起erect a tent 搭起帐篷 ； erect a flagpole 竖旗杆3）adj. 竖直的、直立的 upright  praiteg：She was sitting erect. 她正襟危坐。6. The following year, it was taken to pieces and sent to America.the following year the next year 第二年take to pieces 把某物拆卸开eg: This machine is too large to be transported in whole. It has to be taken to pieces first.这台机器太大了，无法整个地运送，得把它先拆开。come to pieces 瓦解(粉碎, 成为画饼)in one piece 完整无损的piece by piece 一部分一部分地, 一件件地, 逐渐地tear to pieces 将撕成碎片eg：He tore the letter to pieces . 他把信撕得粉碎。7. By the end of October 1886, the statue had been put together again and it was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi. by the end of后接过去时间，句子用过去完成时eg: By the end of last month, all the work had been done.到上个月末为止,所有的工作都完成了.后接将来时间，句子用将来完成时eg: By the end of next year, they will have finished their program.到明年末,他们的项目将能完成. put together 放在一起 ；组织在一起officially 官方地, 正式地, 公务上, 职务上eg：They attended the ceremony officially. 他们正式出席了这个仪式。8. Ever since then, the great monument has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour to make their homes in America. symbol 1） n. 象征the symbol of peace 和平的象征eg：A Pimple is a symbol of youth. 青春痘是青春的象征。2） n. 符号 phonetic symbols 音标eg：is a symbol for female , and for male .是女性的象征，是男性的象征。 millions of 数以百万计 ； thousands of 成千上万的hundreds of 数以百计,许多、成千上百的 make ones home 定居 settle downeg：Mr.Green left England and made his home in China.伊恩已离开英国，并在中国安了家。 home （1） n. 家a home away from home home from home 宾至如归得地方（2） adj. 像家一样的home cooking 家常菜 ； home life 家庭生活 ； the home office 总公司（3） adv. go home 回家； stay home 留在家里 ； drive home 开车回家 Ever since then用在现在完成时的句子中表示从那以后eg：Ever since then, the forests have grown.从那以后，森林成长起来了。6. ever since then7. a symbol of liberty8. millions of 9. pass through10. make ones home(s)【关键词组摘录】1. be presented to 2. be made of3. at the entrance of 4. be taken to pieces5. by the end of October【Key structures】 一，语态概述Passive Voice Active Voice英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由"助动词be及物动词的过去分词"构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amisarespoken一般过去时：waswerespoken一般将来时：willshall bespoken现在进行时：amisare beingspoken过去进行时：werewas beingspoken现在完成时：havehas beenspoken过去完成时：had been + spoken1. My heart is broken.2. My heart was broken.3. My heart has been broken.4. My heart had been broken.5. My heart is being broken.6. My heart was being broken.7. My heart will be broken.8. My heart will have been broken.被动语态没有现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来进行时，将来完成进行时三、被动语态的用法 (1) 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。(2) 强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The glass was broken by Mike. 玻璃杯是迈克打破的。  This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。 Your homework must be finished on time. 你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。（3）主角必须隐藏忽略时:有时候在说话时，为了掩饰或刻意忽略时。例如：The medicine has been tested around the world. 这药已在全球被测试过了 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由"情态动词be过去分词"构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后"to"仍要保留。We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.六、特殊情况1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2.Mother never lets me watch TV .I am never let to watch TV by mother.3.Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.(1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.另外也可以使用get + p.p. 或 become +p.p.get常与下列分词使用:arrested, confused, delayed, dressed, divorced, engaged, married, lostWe got delayed because of the traffic jam. 我们迟到是因为塞车（1）用某些不及物动词表示被动意义，如 carry,cut,dr