英语句子的基本结构(初升高田小波)要点课件.ppt

英语句子的基本结构,按句子的结构可分三种：,1）简单句：2)并列句：3）复合句：,1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the newspapers.,我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。He read a book.He carefully read a book.(副词，状语）He carefully read an interseting book.（形容词，定语）He carefully read an interesting book last month.（时间状语）He worked hard all his life.(1.状语，修饰动词worked 2.时间状语)He is a good student in Peking University.(1.定语，修饰名词student 2.地点状语),2)并列句：句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。e.g.You help him and he helps you.,并列句的分类,1、表示连接两个同等概念,表并列，常用and,not onlybut also,neithernor,then等连接。e.g.The teachers name is Smith,and the students name is John.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,eitheror,otherwise等。e.g.Hurry up,or youll miss the train.,3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,still,yet,while,when等。It is hot in summer here,but it is not cold in winter.He is warm-hearted,still I dont like him.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for,等。The manager was ill so I went in her place.,3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。从句包括名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从 句、表语从句和同位语从句）定语从句和状语从句等。句型主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句e.g.Dont get excited when you talk.,复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即从句部分。As is known to all,China is getting more and more powerful.(As 引导一个定语从句)Where there is a will,there is a way.(Where引导一个表地点的状语从句),Exercises 判断句型,1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2.What he says doesnt suit what he does.,(复合句包含两个名词性从句：What he says 是一个主语从句；what he does 是一个宾语从句),简单句,3.Having finished his homework,the boy went on to help his mother.(简单句-划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子)4.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.5.There is a chair in this room,isnt there?,复合句,简单句,6.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.7.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.8.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.,并列句,复合句,简单句,9.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.10.What he said at the meeting is very important,isnt it?11.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,并列句,复合句,简单句,简单句共有五种基本句型：,一：（主谓）二：（主系表）三：（主谓宾）四：（主谓间宾直宾）五：（主谓宾宾补）,一：（主谓）+其他,主语是句子所要说的人或事物（动作发出者）,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。在此句式中，V是不及物动词(vi.)。例如：He runs quickly他跑得快。They listened carefully他们听得很仔细。I come here.从英语的句法来看，每个句子都必须具备主谓两部分，有时在句中找不到主语或谓语，那是特殊句式或临时的省略，而不是不存在。如：Go away！(You go away.),二：（主系表）,在此句式中，V是系动词(link v.)。常见的系动词有：1.“存在”类 Be seem(似乎是)，2.感官动词 feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来)，look(看起来)，taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来),smell等3.表示变化动词become(变成),turn(变成)，grow(变得)，,go(变得),例如：The story sounds interesting这个故事听起来有趣.,He is a teacher.（名词）You dont look it.（代词）The leaves have turned yellow.（数词）The story sounds true.(形容词)His parents are in.（副词）The old man feel very tired.My watch is gone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）The question is whether they will come.（表语从句）Put the fish in the fridge,or it will go bad in hot weather.,三：（主谓宾）,在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt)，因此有宾语。宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果(动作承受者）,回答做的是“什么”。例如：I saw a film yesterday我昨天看了一部电影。They found their home easily他们很容易找到他们的家。They built a house last year他们去年建了一所房子。,I like China.（名词）He hates you.（代词）How many do you need?We need two.（数词）I enjoy working with you.（动名词）I hope to see you again.（不定式）Did you write down what he said?（宾语从句）,四：（主谓间宾直宾）,有些及物动词需要两个宾语，间接宾语通常指人，直接宾语通常指物。直接宾语放在间接宾语后面。例如：He gave me a book yesterday.如果把间接宾语放在后面，间接宾语前要加介词to或for;表示授予东西、告知事情时,用介词to；表示施行恩惠时,介词用for.例如：Give me a piece of paper.Give a piece of paper to me.给我一张纸。Father bought Tom a new computer.Father bought a new computer for Tom.父亲给Tom买了一台新电脑。,划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语 Mr.Zhang tells us a story.My father bought a new bike for me last week.Mr.Li is going to teach us history next term.Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.Did he leave any message for me?,五：（主谓宾 宾补）,在这种结构中，由于动词加上宾语后仍不能表达完整的意思，所以又加上了补语，使句子意思完整。宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么例如：They made the girl angry他们使这个女孩生气了。(The girl is angry.)They found her happy that day他们发现那天她很高兴。(She is happy.)I found him out我发现他出去了。(He is out.)I saw him in我见他在家。(He is in.),如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/(Their classroom is clean.)He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/(I do my lessons.)The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)(I learn French all by myself.),Exercises,区分下列句子结构The flowers smell sweet and niceHe asked me a question.She went home very late.The cake tastes niceI bought a book yesterday.She has a beautiful bag.I saw him come in and go out.He offered me his seat.He made his parents happy.,（SVP),（）,（）,（）,（）,（）,（）,（）,（）,Translate,五年前我住在北京。他们成功地完成了计划。昨晚我写了一封信。树叶已经变黄了。这个报告听起来很有意思。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。他去年教我们英语。他们把门推开了。Tom发现这个故事很有趣。,Keys,I lived in Beijing five years ago.They have carried out/finished the plan successfully.I wrote a letter last night.The leaves have turned yellow.The report sounds interesting.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.He taught me English last year.They pushed the door open.Tom founds the story very interesting.,