浅议绿色贸易壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响及对策 英文文献.doc

Analysis and countermeasure of international green trade barrier The green trade barrier limits the development of the international trade by many steps. It obstacles the integration of the international economy, the free development of the world trade. It is in some countries，especially in some developing countries, the production for export lost greatly. However，under the limitation of the green trade barrier，the air and water resource have been polluted badly，and the soil resource decreasing and the loss of life.1.The definition of the green trade barrier . The green trade barrier is also named as green barrier. It refers to protection of the inner market by means of the limitation by the strict environment protection technology or the green signs in the import，which can keep the foreign merchandises outside. This causes an immense impact on the international trade order. 2.The reason of appearance of green trade barrier (1)The change of view of value. Along with the development of the industrialization and the growth of the world economy，the increasing destroy and pollute getting more and more serious. This has directly affected the living and development of human beings. And this successfully drew an attention of the international society. The way of people thinking，behavior of consumption and view of consumption have changed. The new conception of value that concentrate on quality of living and creating green civilization；the need for green production with pollution and harm to human are increasing. The people in developed counties have formed a good view of value for green production also provides developing countries chance and challenges. (2)The traditional lawless tax barrier gets condemn of the international society. In order to bring up the newborn industries，some mature industries gain unpredicted profit. But even this，they never thought of the protection of the inner market. However, after the operation of the General Agreement On Tariffs and trade ,the import tax has been decreased ever since. Non-tax barrier has been limitations. The chance and space for traditional trade barrier are getting smaller and smaller. On this occasion，the developed countries begin to search for new ways of trade protections for the sake of development of their own industries. And green trade barrier come into use.(3)Different standards in different countries. Economy's state stays in different level owing to the different technology level. So, there are great differences in the ability of environment protection in different countries. This leads to different environment protection standard. It is a hard to say which standard is the best one，because different environment standard has a direct impact on the cost. And this would have great impact on the world competence，which affected the balance of the international income and expenses .In order to limit the import from developing countries，the developed countries find the green trade to be excuses to protect their own industries. 3.The impact of the green trade barrier on China The green trade barrier has both good and bad impact on one country. But it indeed has different impact on different countries. Limited by the technology，China has a lower ability to deal with the barrier and catch up the chance to improve itself. Moreover，China mostly focuses on export labor-centered production. By far it has received negative impact from the barrier. For the time being，this kind of barrier exists everywhere，and grow stronger and stronger，which has struck our market and economy seriously. (1)The negative impact on the green trade barrier It prevents the export form China and weakens the export international competence. It influences the bilateral even multilateral relationship with other countries getting to problems. Recently，the developed countries circumscribe the importation from acclaiming that those goods are not the green production. Thus bring up the conflictions. The developed countries enjoy a free form of trade in a certain trade zone，which reduce the standard of trading rather than trading from outside of the zone. So，countries like China are hard to break through the trade barrier. All those confliction are bad for China. The situations are against China. It accelerates the pollution for products and makes the metastasis to China. The standard of environment protection are low，the systems are not perfect with low standard of green production in China. Because of this，a lot of production of low quality are entering Chinese market leads to many foreign waste cases spring up everywhere. All of this shows that China are lacking of a perfect supervising system. Without a good management there will be no efficient working. According to the investigation，from 1997 to 2000，the foreign waste are increased from 990，000 ton to 17，500，000 ton. There is evidently no doubt that these foreign waste have made the environment more serious in China. But in the items got the investment nearly have no supervising on environment protection，which let the industries causing pollution have transferred in China.(2)The positive impact on the green trade barrier. In the developed countries，the environment policy helps to strengthen the management of industry environment，and applies the high tech to develop the green production，which can lower the cost. Thus we can gain high social and economy efficiency，and finally get the production of high quality. It does good to China's continuous development. The task of environment protection should be accomplished by all the human beings.The skills of management in developed countries are in an advantage place than that in the developing countries. China as a developing country is supposed to learn the experience of developed countries which can be made good use of to promote the harmonious development of environment and economy development. We should insist in the principle of continuous development which is good to our construction of exportation. Furthermore，this can promote the industries to produce more and more technology-focused production and helps to break through the green trade barrier while doing international trade. It get the industries change their trading concept. The law of environment protection in developed countries is more perfect than in China. The conception of environment protection has been applied in every aspect while doing business activity. For example：use green package，sail green production with green after sail services provided，introduce environment protection knowledge，do promoting of green production with green theme and establish a green image of company. With activities of above，everyone can protect the environment and nature consciously.4. Breaking the barrier (1)The government plays the role of the lead to help to develop the” green environment protection” industries. adjust the construction to the” green environment production industries". complete the” law of the green trade"，resist the barrier. (2)For the industries，they should face to the challenge to produce more” green production". Collecting "green information"，developing "green production". The companies are supposed to take part in international economic technology conference and business trade expo or visit others who are of abundant” green information” and exchange with each other. The most essential way of breaking” green trade barrier” is to establish a nice international image. The industries should establish a good supervision of production design and material picking，production and waste recycling，recto explore a green production needed by the market. Furthermore，the industries should pay much attention to financial input and the training of the employers. Strengthen the green management. Improve the market competence. The"green management” refers to a management that require industries form a kind of sailing conception of conform the rule of green trade by continuous mind and green environment requirement. It is an effective way of breaking through the barrier. The green environment protectionism is recognized as a worldwide trade new problem，which need to face it and challenge it. Correcting trade standard is all countries are aware of its unavoidable ability. In the WTO system，environment protection has been on the agenda. If we want to be successful in changing China a great trading country into a great trading world power，we have to do self-improvement and raise the conception of environment protection. So, only when we make every effort to do improvement can we break through the green trade barrier.5. Our strategy and thinking on green trade barriers (1)Strengthen education and drumbeating，raise awareness of environmental protection. the acceleration of the awareness of environment from all people can not be separated from extensive publicity and education. Propagandize foreign trade and economy and environmental protection，especially do some work on universal environmental pact and environmental standards，making all the economic and trade workers at different levels fully understand the crucial and practical significance of environment in this field. We should do a good job on the negative reports on foreign trade and environmental protection，lead environmental protection awareness into enterprises' business decisions，and foster a sense of crisis and urgency. (2)Establish and improve environmental protection laws and regulations，strengthen execution of trade environment. In the respect of preventing pollution，we have set up some laws and regulations，but they are not in accordance with practical needs，maneuverability is not good，punishment is not enough；we are actually using economic methods to make enterprises buy and sell drainage right，rather than urging them to deal with. Consequently, aftertime we should improve every environmental protection regulation with the priority of prevention, and strengthen supervision and management. To strengthen government's environmental management function，to punish acts against environmental laws legally，develop the effect of green products and environmental signs，strengthen all the consumers' surviving effects，develop green industry into supporting industry，green product into fist product.(3)Develop green market，green product，green marketing. With the strengthening of the awareness of environmental and resource protection, a new industry with the purpose of protecting environment and resourcegreen industry is growing fast. At the same time，it has driven the development and formation of green product and green market. It is reported that in the following ten years, green product will lead the main markets in the world. We should adopt ourselves with this tide, change product designation, package, promote product quality，increase environmental items，make the best to achieve the standards of every technique，security，sanitation，and environment，adopt the tide of green consumption needs，and also develop low-environment-protection-cost，good-quality green product that is in accordance with universal environmental standards. (4)Strengthen international exchange and cooperation，use international power to resist trade barrier. Although Uruguay will make an” Decision on Trade and Environment” to enhance awareness of environmental protection, also it will make some basic items in which include security items to prevent developing countries from being discriminated by developed countries. Therefore, we can make use of some relevant items and international agreements and unite other developing countries to resist discriminating strategies adopted by developed countries who are making use of green protection，and promote the development of our foreign trade.6. Conclusion With the world economy developing fast，the developed country hold higher standards and stronger awareness of environmental protection. We are in the developing stage，the protection of green products have great effect on the exportation of our products，we must adapt our country and our foreign triage with this new tide and follow relevant regulations strictly. 国际绿色贸易壁垒的分析和采取的对策绿色贸易壁垒通过多种途径限制国际贸易的发展。它阻碍国际经济一体化、以及世界贸易的自由发展。在一些国家,特别是在一些发展中国家,出口产品损失很大。然而,在绿色贸易壁垒的限制之下,空气和水资源已严重污染,土壤资源正在减少和生物多样性正在消失。1。绿色贸易壁垒的定义绿色贸易壁垒也称为绿色壁垒，它指的是在进口方面，通过制定严格的环境保护技术标准或绿色标志限制国外产品进入本国市场。这严重影响了国际贸易秩序。2。绿色贸易壁垒出现的原因(1)价值观的转变随着工业化发展和世界经济增长,破坏和污染变得越来越严重。 这直接影响到人类生存和发展. 这成功吸引了国际社会的关注。人们的思维方式、消费行为和消费观念已经改变。新的价值观念正集中专注人们的生活质量以及创建绿色文明;随着污染和危害对人们的增加，对绿色产品的需求逐步增长。发达国家的人们已经形成了关于绿色产品的好的价值观念，这也给发展中国家提供了机遇和带来了挑战。（2)传统的非法出口退(免)税政策受到国际社会的谴责为了抚养新生的行业,一些成熟的行业获得出乎意料的利润。但即使这样,他们从不认为知识产权保护的内在市场，关税贸易总协定运行以后,已经降低了进口关税,非关税壁垒成为一种限制。这使得传统贸易壁垒出现的机会和空间越来越小。在这种情况下，发达国家为保护本国工业开始寻找新的贸易保护方式.就这样，绿色壁垒应运而生。(3)在不同的国家有不同的标准由于不同的技术水平，各国经济处在不同的发展阶段。所以,不同国家在保护环境能力方面有很大的差异,这导致不同的环境保护标准。它是一种很难说哪种标准是最好的,因为不同的环境标准的直接影响成本。这将有很大的影响,影响了世界竞争力的平衡国际收入和支出,以限制进口来自发展中国家,发达国家的绿色贸易成为借口来保护本国工业。3。绿色贸易壁垒对中国的影响绿色贸易壁垒既有好的又有坏的影响。但它确实在不同的国家有不同的影响。有限的技术,中国有能力处理低的障碍,并迎头赶上的机会来提高自己。而且,中国更多的是出口劳动密集型产品。到目前为止已经收到来自壁垒所带来的负面影响。随着时间的推移,这种障碍的存在,袭击了我们的市场和我国的经济。(1)绿色壁垒的负面影响削弱了我国出口外销的国际竞争力。它影响与其他国家处理问题的双边甚至多边关系。最近,发达国家限制进口那些非绿色生产的货物，因此带来了矛盾。发达国家在一个特定的贸易区享有自由贸易形式,从而降低了交易的标准,而不是来自外部的交易。所以,像中国这样的国家,是难以突破绿色贸易壁垒的. 所有的这些冲突对中国是不利的,这是在抵抗中国。它加速了产品的污染，并使一些污染产品转移到中国。环境保护标准较低、制度不够完善和低水平的绿色产品进入中国。正因为如此,大量生产的低质量产品进入中国市场,导致了许多外国浪费的产品大批量的用于中国。所有这些表明，中国缺少一个完善的监督体系。没有良好的经营将没有有效的工作。据调查,从1997年到2000年,国外垃圾从990,000吨增加到17,500,000吨。毫无疑问,有明显的这些外国浪费了在中国的环境更严重。但是在这个项目的投资几乎没有对环境保护监督,而造成的污染已经让产业转移。(2)绿色贸易壁垒的积极影响在发达国家,环境政策有助于加强管理,适用于工业环境的高科技发展绿色农产品生产,从而降低成本。因此我们可以获得高的社会和经济效益,并最终获得高品质的产品。它有利于我国的可持续发展。环境保护的任务应该完成所有的人类这个技能在发达国家在一个优势地点在发展中国家中国作为一个发展中国家是应该学的发达国家的经验,可以很好地利用,促进社会的和谐发展的环境和经济发展具有重要意义。我们应坚持的原则,不断发展,我国的建筑的出口。另外,这能促进产业产生越来越关注科技。生产并帮助突破绿色贸易壁垒而做国际贸易。它使企业改变自己的产业概念。发达国家的环境保护法律比中国更完善。他们在进行商业活动时，环境保护的观念已经施用于各个方面。例如:使用绿色包装、帆船航行与绿色后,绿色生产提供服务,引进环保知识,促进绿色生产、绿色的主题形象的公司建立绿色。上面的活动,每个人都能有意识地保护环境与自然4。打破绿色障碍(1)政府扮演的角色,帮助发展导致了“绿色环保”的产业。调整“绿色环保行业”的生产结构。完成“关于绿色贸易的法律”，抵抗绿色壁垒(2)对于企业,他们必须面对挑战，生产更多的“绿色产品” 搜集关于绿色产品的消息，生产绿色产品公司应该参加国际经济技术会议和商务贸易展览会或拜访其他人是丰富的“绿色”和交流信息和对方最基本的方式打破“绿色贸易壁垒”是为了建立一个不错的国际形象这个行业中树立了良好的监督生产设计、材料和废物回收采摘、生产等方面探讨了绿色生产所需的市场另外,这个行业应重视对财政投入和雇主。加强绿色管理提高市场竞争力。“绿色管理”指的是一种管理要求产业形成一种航行的概念的规则符合绿色贸易不断头脑和绿色环保要求它是一种有效的突破障碍。绿色的环境保护主义被公认为全球贸易的新问题,它必须面对现实,迎接挑战吧正确的行业标准,所有的国家都是意识到它的一隔离感源自在世贸组织制度、保护环境已被提上了日程如果我们想要成功,中国伟大的贸易国家改变成一个巨大的交易世界强国,我们必须做自我概念的基础上,提高环境保护。所以,只有当我们尽力做改进我们能突破绿色贸易壁垒。5。对绿色贸易壁垒的对策和思考(1)加强教育和宣传,提高人们的环保意识。加速度的环境意识的所有人不能在广泛的宣传教育,. 对外贸易与经济和宣传环保,特别是做一些工作上的环境条约并环保标准,使所有的经济和贸易的工人在不同层次充分理解至关重要的和现实意义的环境在该领域的. 我们应该做一个好工作的负面报道在对外贸易与环境保护意识融入环境,区内无污染源企业,企业的经营决策,培养一种危机和迫切性。(2)建立和完善环境保护的法律、法规,并加强执行在防治污染方面,我们建立了一些法律、行政法规,但他们并不符合实际需要,惩罚力度不够,我们其实是一种利用经济手段使企业购买和出售,而不是排敦促他们处理。因此,今后我们应该努力提高各环境保护条例和优先级的预防,加强监督管理加强政府的环境管理功能,对环保法规的处罚行为,依法开发效果的绿色