电大卫生经济学计算题小抄参考.doc
卫生经济学计算题复习题 1.政治经济学:生产与服务的成本指在生产过程中(提供服务的过程中)所消耗的所有物化劳动和活劳动的货币表现总和 W=C+V+M 即:商品价值=劳动资料价值+必要劳动所创造的价值+社会劳动(剩余劳动)所创造的价值n 2.医疗服务的价值取决于生产它所消耗的社会必要劳动时间,包括物化劳动和活劳动的耗费,同样包括三个部分n 对医疗机构来说,在提供医疗服务时,只消耗了劳动资料的价值和相当于职工工资部分的医务人员为自己劳动所创造的价值,即C+V。它的货币表现,即医疗机构的医疗服务成本n 3.医院总成本: 医院总成本=医疗服务成本药品经营成本n 医疗服务成本:指医疗机构为提供一定种类和数量的医疗服务所消耗的全部资源(包括人力、物力和自然资源)的货币表现n 一般包括两部分:u 消耗的劳动资料的价值(如房屋建筑、家具、医疗设备、医用材料等)u 支付给医院职工的劳务工资以及管理费用n 4.直接成本(Direct Cost):是指在成本核算中可以直接计入某一成本核算对象的费用。n 包括:u 该科室人员的工资u 该科室使用的供应品u 该科室专用设备的折旧费u 该科室直接消耗的购置费用、交通费用、租赁费等n 5.间接成本(Indirect Cost):是指在成本核算中不能直接计入成本核算对象,而必须按一定的标准分摊于不同成本核算对象的费用n 包括:u 通用设备的折旧费u 行政后勤人员工资分摊到该科室费用u 其他科室分摊到该科室的成本6.逐步分摊法(阶梯分摊法):最常用 假定各间接成本中心之间资源是单向流动的。为其它科室提供服务最多,接受其它科室的服务最少的间接科室的成本要首先分摊出去,按照这个标准分阶梯进行,直到所有的间接科室成本都分摊完毕为止。甲科室分摊的辅助费用 =辅助费用×甲科室辅助费用分摊系数7.某医院科室成本分摊资料科室本科直接成本(元)职工人数洗衣重量(公斤)内科722601028000儿科59480 712500眼科42803 4 5000皮肤科56092 722600院办 8500 2 1000洗衣房16530 2 -合计556653269100间接科室成本向直接科室的分摊8.某科室成本报告成 本数量(元)合 计直接成本工资1000020000物料 5000其它 5000折 旧建筑 100 160固定设备 60分摊成本职工福利 150 1200管理费用 500修缮费 250保管费 200洗衣 100总 成 本21360某医院6个月住院床日数和水电费支出 住院床日数(床日)水电费(元)11000001000275000870350000700479000900588000910667000800 最大最小值法 最大最小值法:是分解混合成本的另一个简便方法,首先计算出单位变动成本,单位变动成本等于成本最大值与最小值之差除以相应的产出量之差, 例子里的单位变动成本为: 单位变动成本=(1000-700)/(100000-50000) =300/50000 =0.006Eg. 5月的变动成本业务量×单位变动成本 88000×0.006=528元 5月的固定成本 5月混合成本5月变动成本 910528 382元 变动成本固定成本半固定成本合计直接成本其它成本4000物质材料5000共9000其它成本1000共1000工资10000共1000020000间待添加的隐藏文字内容2接成本职工福利150保管费用100共250折旧160管理费用500保管费用100共760维修250洗衣100共3501360合计92501760103502136010.某救护车公司有两辆救护车。对每公里的收费为0.5元。一号救护车每年服务60000公里,二号救护车每年服务30000公里。每公里的可变成本为0.2元。成本和收入如下:某救护车公司有两辆救护车。对每公里的收费为0.5元。一号救护车每年服务60000公里,二号救护车每年服务30000公里。每公里的可变成本为0.2元。成本和收入如下:项目一号救护车二号救护车共计收入0.5*600000.5*3000045000总支出270001600043000可变成本0.2*600000.2*3000018000司机5000500010000间接成本10000500015000盈利3000-100020004、成本的计算n 成本核算的最后一步是计算成本,即根据不同成本核算对象来进行计算。n 医院总成本、科室总成本通过前两步的费用归集便能容易地计算出来(即将归集的成本汇总)n 而各科室单项项目成本的计算还须将科室汇总的费用,按照劳务费、操作时间和直接材料的分配系数进行分配n 将归集到各项目的各种费用相加,就可以得到该项目的总成本,即可提供该项目所消耗的全部劳务费、材料费、折旧费、大修理费和间接费用等。用项目总成本除以该项目的业务量,便可得到单位项目成本n 病种成本是根据治疗某一病种所需的各项服务及药品而求得方程式法举例(1) 某门诊部某年度经费补贴为5万元,每门诊人次的变动成本为12元,全年固定成本为20万元,每门诊人次平均收费为18元,请计算该门诊部全年必须完成多少门诊人次,才能达到收支平衡 按照计算公式: 门诊人次保本量=(20万5万)/(18-12) =2.5万(人次) 在其他因素不变的情况下,如果该门诊部年门诊人次超过25000人次就会有结余,如果少于25000人次将会出现亏损。 保本业务收入25000×18450000元方程式法举例(2) 很多情况下是在已知目标结余数的前提下测算目标业务量,所谓目标结余数,是指在会计年度结束时要求获得的结余数。如上例中,假设目标业务量为3万元,则: 目标业务量 3万(人次) 即当该门诊部全年业务量达到30000人次时可获得3万元的结余。边际贡献法公式:课本上有边际贡献法举例仍用上例: 边际贡献=18-12=6(元) 门诊人次保本量=(20000050000)/6 =25000(人次) 边际贡献率=6/18=33.3% 保本业务收入(20000050000) /33.3% 450000(元)盈亏平衡分析法的作用(1)1用于成本预测,确定目标成本 单位变动成本=单位收入-固定成本/医疗工作量 例:某医院固定成本为180万元,每床日医疗费用为11元,预测医疗工作量40万床日,目标成本为: 11-1800000/400000=6.5元盈亏平衡分析法的作用(2)2.用于扩大服务量 Q=(P+R)/(P-AVC) 若期望扩大收益10万元,则服务量为: Q=(1800000+100000)/(11-7) =475000(床日)】成本差异计算1、价格性成本差异: 洗衣粉(5040)×1800=18000元 劳动力(65.25)×2700020250元2、效率性成本差异: 洗衣粉(0.01×1800000.01×180000)×40 =0元 劳动力(0.15×1800000.14×180000)×5.25 9450元3、服务量性成本差异: 服务量性成本差异(180000140000)×1.135 45400元洗衣房成本差异的原因分析原因成本差异(元)原因占工资水平增加2025021.8洗衣粉价格上涨1800019.3劳动力效率下降945010.1洗涤数量增加4540048.8合计93100100.0强度性和纯服务量性成本差异对服务量性成本差异的影响 服务量性成本差异强度性成本差异纯服务量性成本差异 强度性成本差异强度变化导致的数量变化×过去的单位成本 纯服务量性成本差异总服务的变化导致的数量变化×过去的单位成本 强度性和纯服务量性成本差异计算 强度性成本差异 (2.25-2.0) × 80000×1.135 = 22700元 纯服务量性成本差异 2.0 ×(8000070000)×1.135 = 22700元疾病经济负担的相关计算题1、 死亡造成的减寿年数 每千人口因某病死亡造成的健康寿命年损失(A) (A)E(A0)×(1-Dod)×(CFR×I) 式中A0:人群中该病发病的平均年龄; E(A0):在平均发病年龄时的期望寿命; Dod:死于该病但在死前又有一段残疾和失能的人口比例;CFR:病死率(%)I:人群发病率()。 现以加纳脊髓灰质炎为例,平均发病年龄为5岁,发病率为0.22(22/10万),病死率为5%,患者死亡之前约有10%病人发生过四肢麻痹。每千人口因病早亡的减寿年数(A)为:(A)E(A0)×(1-Dod)×(CFR×I)A=77.95×(1-0.1)×(0.05×0.22)=0.7717年 2、 死亡前伴有残疾失能者死亡造成的减寿年数每千人口因病死亡前的残疾和失能造成的减寿年数(B1) B1=E(Ad)×Dod×(CFR×I) 式中 Ad:因病死亡者平均年龄;E(Ad):在平均死亡年龄时的期望寿命。脊髓灰质炎平均死亡年龄为10岁。B1=(72.99×0.1)(0.05×0.22)=0.08029年 3、 死亡前因残疾造成的减寿年数 每千人口因某病死亡前短暂残疾造成的减寿年数损失(B2) :B2=(Ad-A0)×Dod×D×(CFR×I)D:因病造成短暂性失能或永久性残疾的残疾程度;B2(105)×0.1×0.5×(0.05×0.22)=0.00275年这里的D值的残疾程度权重值按0.5计算。 4、永久性残疾造成的减寿年数每千人口因病造成的永久性残疾引起的减寿年数(C) 。C=E(A0)×D×Q×I Q=因病造成永久性失能或残疾的百分比(%) 以脊髓灰质炎为例,约有90%的患者遗留肢体麻痹,因此永久性残疾率为90%C=77.95×0.5×0.9×0.22=7.717年 5、 急性发病时造成的减寿年数每千人口疾病急性发病时造成的减寿年数:F=(t×D)/365.25×(1-CFR-Q)×I)t=在没有死亡又没有引起永久性残疾的急性发病者引起短暂性失能的平均天数。病例急性期为14天,残疾权重值D=0.5。 F=(14×0.5)/365.25×(1-0.05-0.9)×0.22=0.0002年。 卫生总费用的相关计算题1982年,上海市卫生 费用50345万元,若以1980年消费品价格指数为100,则1985年为132.9,1987年167.1,1989年244.0,而1989年上海市消耗的卫生费用为274904万元。请以1980年的价格作为不变价格,计算其实际平均增长率。计算过程: 价格指数卫生费用1980年100503451989年244.0274904TEH80×(1r)nTEH8950345×( 1r )9274904×100/244.0v 医疗卫生需求贡献率:一定时期内医疗卫生消费需求增量与国内生产总值增量的比值。v 公式: 医疗卫生消费增长量/GDP增长量 TEH增长量/GDP增长量Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis' 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnley's effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competition's top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011."I'd give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend," said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during City's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA." Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by England's Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos' focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. They've been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.