外研版八年级上英语各单元语法ppt课件大全.ppt
,2023/3/22,must,1.表示义务、必要或命令时,意为“必须,应该”。,2.表示推测时,意为“肯定,一定”。,3.must not(mustnt)表示禁止,意为“不能,不许”。,例:You must come early tomorrow.你明天得早来。,例:They must be at home.The light is on.他们肯定在家,灯亮着呢。,例:You must not tell lies.你不许撒谎。,2023/3/22,may,1.表示请求或允许时,意为“可以、准许”。,2.表示推测时,意为“可能、也许”。,3.may的过去式为might,表示推测时,可能性低于may。,例:May I go home,please?请问我可以回家吗?,例:I think it may rain this afternoon.我想今天下午可能下雨。,例:He might not come today.今天他也许不来了。,2023/3/22,can,1.表示能力时,意为“能、会”。,2.表示请求或许可时,意为“可以”。,3.表示猜测时,意为“可能”。,例:He can speak a little Japanese.他会说一点日语。,例:Can I help you?要我帮忙吗?,例:Where can she go now?她现在可能到哪里去了呢?,2023/3/22,must与have to的用法区别,易错点1,强调重点不同两者都有“必须”的含义,但must强调说话者主观看法,而have to强调客观需要,含有“不得不”、“被迫”之意。例:I must go home now.我现在要回家了。I have lost my pen,so I have to buy one.我的钢笔丢了,所以得去买一支。,(我想回家),(不得不买,有被迫之意。),2023/3/22,must没有人称、时态和数的变化,而have to则有。例:He said she must go with me.他说她必须同我一起去。He has to finish his homework first.他必须得先完成作业。They will have to stay at home,because it rains heavily outside.他们将不得不留在家里,因为外面的雨下得很大。,2023/3/22,否定式的意义不同must的否定式mustnt意为“一定不要”“不允许”;而have to的否定式dont have to意为“不必”(=neednt)。例:You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要告诉他这件事。You dont have to/neednt tell him about it.你不必告诉他这件事。,(禁止,这可能是秘密),(没必要,他可能知道了),2023/3/22,由must引起的疑问句,肯定回答要用must或have to,否定回答要用neednt或dont have to,意为“不必”,易错点2,例:Must I finish my homework first?我必须先完成作业吗?No,you dont have to/neednt.不,你不必。,2023/3/22,must、may、can表推测时用法不同,易错点3,can不肯,may不问,must肯定不否问。,一般不用于肯定句,一般不用于疑问句,一般仅用于肯定句,不用于否定句和疑问句,记忆口诀:,2023/3/22,表示有把握的推测时,肯定句用must(一定,准是),否定句用cant(不可能,一定不)。,例:You must be hungry after a long walk.长途步行之后你一定饿了。It can not be Li Lei.那个人不可能是李雷。,2023/3/22,表示把握不大的推测即可能性时,用can和may,常译为“也许,可能”。may用于肯定句与否定句,一般不用于疑问句。can常用于疑问句,一般不用于肯定句。,例:At the moment she may be playing with her classmates.此刻她可能正在和同学们玩。Where can Wei Fang be?魏芳会在哪里呢?,2023/3/22,以may开头的疑问句,易错点4,对May I?问句作肯定回答时,通常不用过于严肃和正式的:Yes,you may.而用:Yes,please./Certainly./Of course.这些回答显得热情。作否定回答时,多用:No,you mustnt/cant.,例:May I watch TV after supper?晚饭后我可以看电视吗?No,you mustnt./cant.不,你不能。,2023/3/22,may be和maybe的区别,易错点5,例:He may be wrong,but Im not sure.=Maybe he was wrong,but Im not sure.也许他错了,但我不确定。,2023/3/22,1.Must I finish the work today?No,you _.You _ finish it tomorrow.A.mustnt;mustB.neednt;may C.cant;may,本题考查must的用法。由must引导的一般疑问句,否定回答一般用neednt或dont have to。故选B。,方法一:从整体上把握情态动词的基本用法,2023/3/22,2.Yesterday it rained heavily when school was over.We _ stay in our classroom.A.should B.must C.had to,“下雨”是“我们待在教室里”的客观条件,故选C,意为“不得不”;should“应该”;must“必须”,表主观意志。,方法二:对一些易混淆的用法辨析,要多进行归纳对比,找出它们用法上的不同,2023/3/22,3.It doesnt look like rain,so you _ bring your umbrella with you.A.shouldnt B.mustnt C.cantD.neednt,由题干“看起来好像不会下雨”可推断,你“不必”带雨伞,故选neednt(不需要)。,方法三:解答情态动词的题目时,一定要注意说话人的语气或情感,并结合具体的语境来分析和判断,结束,2023/3/22,2023/3/22,知识回顾,二,活用解题技巧,三,易错点解析,一,典型试题“巧解巧做”,感叹句、祈使句“两大类”系统回顾,3大易错点各个突破,2023/3/22,what引导的感叹句,how引导的感叹句,感叹句,感叹句,2023/3/22,what引导,2023/3/22,how引导,2023/3/22,肯定形式的祈使句,否定形式的祈使句,祈使句,祈使句,2023/3/22,肯定形式,Do+祈使句表强调,如:Dobecareful!,2023/3/22,否定形式,2023/3/22,感叹句中what和how的用法区别,易错点1,关键:学会看后-“去主谓”“去主谓”后剩下名词词组要用what:是可数名词单数,就用what a/an;是不可数名词或可数名词复数,只用what。例如,What an interesting story it is!“去主谓”后剩下形容词或副词要用how。例如,How clever the boy is!,记忆口诀:若想区别what,how去掉主谓变明了,2023/3/22,动词原形开头的祈使句与to do,doing的区别,易错点2,To improve your oral English,you need a lot of practice.为了达到提高你的口语的目的,你需要大量的练习。Smoking is not allowed in public places.公共场所不允许吸烟。Turn left when you see a bridge.当你看到一个桥的时候向左转。,(表目的),(作主语),(祈使句),2023/3/22,祈使句的反义疑问句变化形式,易错点3,要注意祈使句无论是肯定句还是否定句,它的反意疑问句都用will you。,“Let us”句型的反意疑问句是“will you?”;而“Lets”句型的反意疑问句是“shall we?”;试比较:,Letsgo skating,shall we?(表示内部的建议)Let ustry again,will you?(表示向别人发出请求),例:Dont be late,will you?不要迟到,好吗?,2023/3/22,【典例1】(2013东营)Look at the smog(雾霾)._ bad weather it is!A.How B.How a C.What D.What a,句意为“看这雾霾。多糟糕的天气啊!”感叹句的结构为:What(a/an)名词其他!或How形容词或副词其他!根据题意,本题感叹句的中心词是不可数名词weather,故选C。,2023/3/22,【典例2】_ heavily the rain is falling!A.What a B.What C.How aD.How,how后面接形容词或副词。,2023/3/22,【典例3】(2013烟台)Dont forget to give my best wishes to your uncle._.A.No,I dont B.No,I wontC.Yes,I do D.Yes,I would,考查祈使句的答语。句意为“不要忘记把我最好的祝愿带给你叔叔。”“好的,我不会忘记的。”根据题意B项“我不会(忘记)的”符合题意。,2023/3/22,【典例4】(2013甘肃白银)“_ exercise every day,my son.Its good for your health.”Dad often said to him.A.TakesB.TakingC.TakeD.To take,句意:“儿子,每天做运动。对你的健康有好处。”爸爸对他说。爸爸所说的话是祈使句,用动词原形,故选C。,结束,2023/3/22,2023/3/22,知识回顾,二,活用解题技巧,三,易错点解析,一,典型试题“巧解巧做”,不定式作宾语的三种情况,不定式作宾语“三大易错点”各个突破,2023/3/22,I decide to go shopping this Sunday.Mary likes to play the piano after school.What do you want to do this weekend?Please show us how to do it.No one could tell me where to get the book.We think it quite important for us to learn English well.,不定式直接作宾语,疑问词+to作宾语,it作形式宾语,2023/3/22,1.直接以不定式作宾语的动词要求选择同意(ask,choose,agree),期望决定学习(expect,hope,decide,learn),喜欢假装知道(prefer,pretend,know),希望想要愿意(wish,want,would like/love)。,不定式作宾语,2023/3/22,2.以“疑问词+不定式”作宾语=宾语从句tell,advise,show,teach,find out,decide,discuss,learn,forget,know,explain等,3.用it作形式宾语,将真正的宾语置于句末believe,think,consider,feel,make等,2023/3/22,省to动词不定式,易错点1,“一感二听三让四看半帮助”,feel sb do sth;listen/hear sb do;make/let/have sb do sth;look at/see/watch/notice sb do sth;help sb(to)do sth,一感指 feel;二听指listen(to),hear;三让指let,make,have;四看指see,look(at),watch,notice;半帮助指help,help后to可有可无。,2023/3/22,I often hear Molly sing songs in her room.我经常听见莫利在她的房间里唱歌。Dont make him stand outside.别让他在外边站着了。Welistenedtotheoldmantellhisstory.我们听这位老人讲述他的经历。,2023/3/22,既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语,但表达意义完全不同。,易错点2,forget,to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做),doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做),go on,to do sth.接着去做另一件事,doing sth.继续做某事,指同一件事,2023/3/22,try,to do sth.尽力做某事,doing sth.试着做某事,类似的还有remember,stop,mean等。,Dont forget to close the door when you leave.你走时别忘了关门。I forgot posting the letter.我忘记已经邮信了。The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.老师进来的时候,学生们停止了交谈。They stopped to have a rest.他们停下来休息。,例:,2023/3/22,动词不定式的否定形式,易错点3,通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not,如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not。,Itellhimtogototheplayground.否定形式:I tellhimnottogototheplayground.Idonttellhimtogototheplayground.,例:,2023/3/22,【典例1】(2013 白银中考)I havent decided when _ a holiday yet.A.took B.taking C.to takeD.take,考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。句意为“我还没有决定什么时候去度假”,故选C。,2023/3/22,【典例2】(2013 孝感中考)Dad,why must I stop _ computer games?For your health,my boy.A.play B.to play C.to playing D.playing,句意为:爸爸,为什么我必须停止玩电脑游戏?为了你的健康,我的孩子。stop doing sth停止做某事,stop to do sth停止去做另一件事。由句意可知,答案选D。,2023/3/22,【典例3】(2013 广西贺州中考)Our teacher often tells us _ in the river.Its dangerous.A.dont swim B.not swim C.not to swim D.not swimming,考查不定式的否定形式。句意为:我们老师经常告诉我们不要在河里游泳,那里很危险。“tell sb.to do sth.”告诉某人做某事,其否定形式为“tell sb.not to do sth.”故答案选C。,2023/3/22,【典例4】(2013 绥化中考)It takes me half an hour_ the piano every day.A.play B.playing C.to play,句意:我每天要花掉半个小时去弹钢琴。It takes sb some time to do sth.花掉某人一些时间做某事。It是形式主语,to do sth才是真正的主语,故选C。,结束,2023/3/22,2023/3/22,知识回顾,二,活用解题技巧,三,易错点解析,一,典型试题“巧解巧做”,感叹句、祈使句“两大类”系统回顾,3大易错点各个突破,2023/3/22,what引导的感叹句,how引导的感叹句,感叹句,感叹句,2023/3/22,what引导,2023/3/22,how引导,2023/3/22,肯定形式的祈使句,否定形式的祈使句,祈使句,祈使句,2023/3/22,肯定形式,Do+祈使句表强调,如:Dobecareful!,2023/3/22,否定形式,2023/3/22,感叹句中what和how的用法区别,易错点1,关键:学会看后-“去主谓”“去主谓”后剩下名词词组要用what:是可数名词单数,就用what a/an;是不可数名词或可数名词复数,只用what。例如,What an interesting story it is!“去主谓”后剩下形容词或副词要用how。例如,How clever the boy is!,记忆口诀:若想区别what,how去掉主谓变明了,2023/3/22,动词原形开头的祈使句与to do,doing的区别,易错点2,To improve your oral English,you need a lot of practice.为了达到提高你的口语的目的,你需要大量的练习。Smoking is not allowed in public places.公共场所不允许吸烟。Turn left when you see a bridge.当你看到一个桥的时候向左转。,(表目的),(作主语),(祈使句),2023/3/22,祈使句的反义疑问句变化形式,易错点3,要注意祈使句无论是肯定句还是否定句,它的反意疑问句都用will you。,“Let us”句型的反意疑问句是“will you?”;而“Lets”句型的反意疑问句是“shall we?”;试比较:,Letsgo skating,shall we?(表示内部的建议)Let ustry again,will you?(表示向别人发出请求),例:Dont be late,will you?不要迟到,好吗?,2023/3/22,【典例1】(2013东营)Look at the smog(雾霾)._ bad weather it is!A.How B.How a C.What D.What a,句意为“看这雾霾。多糟糕的天气啊!”感叹句的结构为:What(a/an)名词其他!或How形容词或副词其他!根据题意,本题感叹句的中心词是不可数名词weather,故选C。,2023/3/22,【典例2】_ heavily the rain is falling!A.What a B.What C.How aD.How,how后面接形容词或副词。,2023/3/22,【典例3】(2013烟台)Dont forget to give my best wishes to your uncle._.A.No,I dont B.No,I wontC.Yes,I do D.Yes,I would,考查祈使句的答语。句意为“不要忘记把我最好的祝愿带给你叔叔。”“好的,我不会忘记的。”根据题意B项“我不会(忘记)的”符合题意。,2023/3/22,【典例4】(2013甘肃白银)“_ exercise every day,my son.Its good for your health.”Dad often said to him.A.TakesB.TakingC.TakeD.To take,句意:“儿子,每天做运动。对你的健康有好处。”爸爸对他说。爸爸所说的话是祈使句,用动词原形,故选C。,结束,2023/3/22,2023/3/22,知识回顾,二,活用解题技巧,三,易错点解析,一,3大方法+典型试题=巧解巧做,基本用法一一回顾,5大易错点各个突破,2023/3/22,must,1.表示义务、必要或命令时,意为“必须,应该”。,2.表示推测时,意为“肯定,一定”。,3.must not(mustnt)表示禁止,意为“不能,不许”。,例:You must come early tomorrow.你明天得早来。,例:They must be at home.The light is on.他们肯定在家,灯亮着呢。,例:You must not tell lies.你不许撒谎。,2023/3/22,may,1.表示请求或允许时,意为“可以、准许”。,2.表示推测时,意为“可能、也许”。,3.may的过去式为might,表示推测时,可能性低于may。,例:May I go home,please?请问我可以回家吗?,例:I think it may rain this afternoon.我想今天下午可能下雨。,例:He might not come today.今天他也许不来了。,2023/3/22,can,1.表示能力时,意为“能、会”。,2.表示请求或许可时,意为“可以”。,3.表示猜测时,意为“可能”。,例:He can speak a little Japanese.他会说一点日语。,例:Can I help you?要我帮忙吗?,例:Where can she go now?她现在可能到哪里去了呢?,2023/3/22,must与have to的用法区别,易错点1,强调重点不同两者都有“必须”的含义,但must强调说话者主观看法,而have to强调客观需要,含有“不得不”、“被迫”之意。例:I must go home now.我现在要回家了。I have lost my pen,so I have to buy one.我的钢笔丢了,所以得去买一支。,(我想回家),(不得不买,有被迫之意。),2023/3/22,must没有人称、时态和数的变化,而have to则有。例:He said she must go with me.他说她必须同我一起去。He has to finish his homework first.他必须得先完成作业。They will have to stay at home,because it rains heavily outside.他们将不得不留在家里,因为外面的雨下得很大。,2023/3/22,否定式的意义不同must的否定式mustnt意为“一定不要”“不允许”;而have to的否定式dont have to意为“不必”(=neednt)。例:You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要告诉他这件事。You dont have to/neednt tell him about it.你不必告诉他这件事。,(禁止,这可能是秘密),(没必要,他可能知道了),2023/3/22,由must引起的疑问句,肯定回答要用must或have to,否定回答要用neednt或dont have to,意为“不必”,易错点2,例:Must I finish my homework first?我必须先完成作业吗?No,you dont have to/neednt.不,你不必。,2023/3/22,must、may、can表推测时用法不同,易错点3,can不肯,may不问,must肯定不否问。,一般不用于肯定句,一般不用于疑问句,一般仅用于肯定句,不用于否定句和疑问句,记忆口诀:,2023/3/22,表示有把握的推测时,肯定句用must(一定,准是),否定句用cant(不可能,一定不)。,例:You must be hungry after a long walk.长途步行之后你一定饿了。It can not be Li Lei.那个人不可能是李雷。,2023/3/22,表示把握不大的推测即可能性时,用can和may,常译为“也许,可能”。may用于肯定句与否定句,一般不用于疑问句。can常用于疑问句,一般不用于肯定句。,例:At the moment she may be playing with her classmates.此刻她可能正在和同学们玩。Where can Wei Fang be?魏芳会在哪里呢?,2023/3/22,以may开头的疑问句,易错点4,对May I?问句作肯定回答时,通常不用过于严肃和正式的:Yes,you may.而用:Yes,please./Certainly./Of course.这些回答显得热情。作否定回答时,多用:No,you mustnt/cant.,例:May I watch TV after supper?晚饭后我可以看电视吗?No,you mustnt./cant.不,你不能。,2023/3/22,may be和maybe的区别,易错点5,例:He may be wrong,but Im not sure.=Maybe he was wrong,but Im not sure.也许他错了,但我不确定。,2023/3/22,1.Must I finish the work today?No,you _.You _ finish it tomorrow.A.mustnt;mustB.neednt;may C.cant;may,本题考查must的用法。由must引导的一般疑问句,否定回答一般用neednt或dont have to。故选B。,方法一:从整体上把握情态动词的基本用法,2023/3/22,2.Yesterday it rained heavily when school was over.We _ stay in our classroom.A.should B.must C.had to,“下雨”是“我们待在教室里”的客观条件,故选C,意为“不得不”;should“应该”;must“必须”,表主观意志。,方法二:对一些易混淆的用法辨析,要多进行归纳对比,找出它们用法上的不同,2023/3/22,高效上好每节课快乐上好每天学,3.It doesnt look like rain,so you _ bring your umbrella with you.A.shouldnt B.mustnt C.cantD.neednt,由题干“看起来好像不会下雨”可推断,你“不必”带雨伞,故选neednt(不需要)。,方法三:解答情态动词的题目时,一定要注意说话人的语气或情感,并结合具体的语境来分析和判断,结束,2023/3/22,2023/3/22,知识回顾,二,活用解题技巧,三,易错点解析,一,典型试题“巧解巧做”,不定式作宾语的三种情况,不定式作宾语“三大易错点”各个突破,2023/3/22,I decide to go shopping this Sunday.Mary likes to play the piano after school.What do you want to do this weekend?Please show us how to do it.No one could tell me where to get the book.We think it quite important for us to learn English well.,不定式直接作宾语,疑问词+to作宾语,it作形式宾语,2023/3/22,1.直接以不定式作宾语的动词要求选择同意(ask,choose,agree),期望决定学习(expect,hope,decide,learn),喜欢假装知道(prefer,pretend,know),希望想要愿意(wish,want,would like/love)。,不定式作宾语,2023/3/22,2.以“疑问词+不定式”作宾语=宾语从句tell,advise,show,teach,find out,decide,discuss,learn,forget,know,explain等,3.用it作形式宾语,将真正的宾语置于句末believe,think,consider,feel,make等,2023/3/22,省to动词不定式,易错点1,“一感二听三让四看半帮助”,feel sb do sth;listen/hear sb do;make/let/have sb do sth;look at/see/watch/notice sb do sth;help sb(to)do sth,一感指 feel;二听指listen(to),hear;三让指let,make,have;四看指see,look(at),watch,notice;半帮助指help,help后to可有可无。,2023/3/22,I often hear Molly sing songs in her room.我经常听见莫利在她的房间里唱歌。Dont make him stand outside.别让他在外边站着了。Welistenedtotheoldmantellhisstory.我们听这位老人讲述他的经历。,2023/3/22,既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语,但表达意义完全不同。,易错点2,forget,to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做),doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做),go on,to do sth.接着去做另一件事,doing sth.继续做某事,指同一件事,2023/3/22,try,to do sth.尽力做某事,doing sth.试着做某事,类似的还有remember,stop,mean等。,Dont forget to close the door when you leave.你走时别忘了关门。I forgot posting the letter.我忘记已经邮信了。The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.老师进来的时候,学生们停止了交谈。They stopped to have a rest.他们停下来休息。,例:,2023/3/22,动词不定式的否定形式,易错点3,通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not,如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not。,Itellhimtogototheplayground.否定形式:I tellhimnottogototheplayground.Idonttellhimtogototheplayground.,例:,2023/3/22,【典例1】(2013 白银中考)I havent decided when _ a holiday yet.A.took B.taking C.to takeD.take,考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。句意为“我还没有决定什么时候去度假”,故选C。,2023/3/22,【典例2】(2013 孝感中考)Dad,why must I stop _ computer games?For your health,my boy.A.play B.to play C.to playing D.playing,句意为:爸爸,为什么我必须停止玩电脑游戏?为了你的健康,我的孩子。stop doing sth停止做某事,stop to do sth停止去做另一件事。由句意可知,答案选D。,2023/3/22,【典例3】(2013 广西贺州中考)Our teacher often tells us _ in the river.Its dangerous.A.dont swim B.not swim C.not to swim D.not swimming,考查不定式的否定形式。句意为:我们老师经常告诉我们不要在河里游泳,那里很危险。“tell sb.to do sth.”告诉某人做某事,其否定形式为“tell sb.not to do sth.”故答案选C。,2023/3/22,【典例4】(2013 绥化中考)It takes me half an hour_ the piano every day.A.play B.playing C.to play,句意:我每天要花掉半个小时去弹钢琴。It takes sb some time to do sth.花掉某人一些时间做某事。It是形式主语,to do sth才是真正的主语,故选C。,结束,2023/3/22,Grammar:动词不定式和双宾语,2023/3/22,动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。其否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。它属于一种非谓语动词的形式,在句子中不能充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化,但它可以保留动词的性质,其本身可以带宾语或状语等附加成分(不定式和其附加成分称为不定式短语)。动词不定式(短语)的句法功能非常广泛,在句中可作主语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语及状语等成分。,动词不定式作宾语,2023/3/22,(1)能够接动词不定式作宾语的有 ask,agree,beg,decide,determine,fail,hope,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish 及 would like/love 等动词,但 finish,enjoy,miss,appreciate,mind,advise,suggest 等动词后面通常只能接动名词作宾语。,2023/3/22,例如:I hope to visit this place again.我希望能再度访问此地。She enjoys reading very much.她非常喜欢读书。The driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。,2023/3/22,(2)动词不定式与名词构成复合宾语时,通常要用 it 作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语动词不定式后置。例如:I found it difficult to see him here.我发现在这里见到他是很难的。,2023/3/22,当我们表达“给某人某物”时就出现了两个动作的承受者,一个是物,一个是人。例如:我递给他一瓶苹果汁。1)I passed him a bottle of apple juice.采用了“动词+人+物”的表达方式。,间接宾语,直接宾语,双宾语,2023/3/22,2)I passed a bottle of apple juice to him.,间接宾语,直接宾语,采用了“动词+物+人”的方式。,2023/3/22,可以接双宾语的动词很多,常见的有:give,bring,pass,send,show,leave,buy,tell,teach,sell等。例如:My brother bought me some storybooks.我哥哥给我买了一些故事书。My uncle gave me a pretty birthday present.我叔叔给了我一个漂亮的生日礼物。,2023/3/22,后接介词to 的动词有:give,show,pass,lend,take,tell 等;后接介词for的动词有:buy,make,cook,get,sing,read等。一般来讲,for表示“为某人”,而to表示“给某人”,即表示某人接受或收到了某物。如:give sb.sth.=give sth.to sb.bring sb.sth.=bring sth.to sb.lend sb.sth.=lend sth.to sb.,2023/3/22,hand sb.sth.=hand sth.to sb.send sb.sth.=send sth.to sb.show sb.sth.=show sth.to sb.leave sb.st