抗生素的安全使用(英文PPT)do-bugs-need-drugs课件.ppt

Do Bugs Need Drugs?,A Community Program for Wise Use of Antibiotics,Antibiotics,Most significant discovery of modern medicineSave millions of lives,Caused by overuse and misuse of antibioticsLimits effectiveness of antibioticsPatients with resistant infections cannot be treated,AntibioticResistance,75%of antibiotics prescribed for respiratory tract infections50%of antibiotic prescriptions are inappropriateMost respiratory tract infections are caused by virusesAntibiotics do not work against viruses,Antibiotics in theCommunity,Canadian survey,NIPA,200253%of adults believe antibiotics are effective against viruses,Misconceptions,Health Canada,CCAR,1997Decrease antibiotic prescriptions for respiratory tract infections by 25%,NationalMandate,Healthcare professionals,public,students,childcare centres,seniorsStarted October 1998Multistakeholder program,A Community Program for Wise Useof Antibiotics,Wash your hands!Handwashing is the best way to stop the spread of infections.Not all bugs are created equal.Antibiotics work against bacteria,but not against viruses.Use antibiotics wisely.Bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics.,Key Messages,Handwashing,Handwashing,80%of common infections spread by handsMost effective way to prevent the spread of respiratory tract infections,Good Bacteria,Good bacteria live on the skin and in the mouth and intestinesDo not cause disease Not easily removed by handwashingProtect against disease-causing bacteria and viruses,Bad Germs,Usually survive less than 24 hoursEasily removed by handwashingCan be either bacteria or virusesCause disease,How dirty are things?,University of Arizona studyTucson,Chicago,San Francisco,Contamination(%)Playground44Bus rails35Public Restrooms25Pens(shared)16Vending Machines14Public phones*13*home phones more contaminated,How easy is it to transmit germs?,10 million E.coli 0157.H7Patting contaminated ground beef1,000 100,000 bacteria to handsTouching patient shoulderMeasuring blood pressure,Telephone and observational handwashing surveysSeptember 2005/6000+people91%say they wash their hands83%actually do90%women/75%men,Do people really wash?,American Society for Microbiology,Does it work?,Ryan M,Health Naval Research Center,San DiegoRecruits ordered to wash hands at least 5 times/day45%reduction in respiratory illnessLee M,Canadian Journal of Infection,TorontoNursing students washed hands at least 7 times/dayReduced number of infections/colds,Karachi Study-2005,Squatter settlementsThree groups:no soapplain soapantimicrobial soapGroups receiving soap:50%reduction in pneumonia53%reduction in diarrhea34%reduction in impetigoNo benefit in using antibacterial soap,Before meals/food preparationAfter using the toilet/helping a child use the toiletBefore and after changing diapersAfter blowing nose/helping a child with a runny noseAfter play or handling shared objectsBefore inserting/removing contact lensesBefore flossing your teeth,When to Wash Hands,Wet your handsApply soapRub hands together for 20 secondsSing Twinkle,Twinkle SongRinse for 10 secondsDry with a towelUse towel to turn off taps and open the door,How to Wash Hands,Soap,Does not have antibioticsRemoves dirt and grease that attract bad germsDoes not promote antibacterial resistance,Use plain soap,Antibacterial soap promotes antibiotic resistanceAntibacterial soap adds antibiotics to the enviromentNo more effective than plain soap,Soap,Antibacterial soap not recommended,Hand Drying,Removes 42%more germs than washing aloneUse clean towelsAvoid sharing towelsHot air dryers promote bacterial growth because hands are left warm and moist,Handwashing,Best way to stop the spread of respiratory tract infections,TM,Alcohol-based gels(60%alcohol)Do not cause antibiotic resistanceKill many bacteria and virusesNot effective against many germs that cause diarrheaShould not replace soap and water.Not needed in the home.,Alcohol hand rubs,Not All Bugs AreCreated Equal,Not All Bugs AreCreated Equal,Both viruses and bacteria cause respiratory tract infectionsMost respiratory tract infectionsare caused by viruses,Viral Infections,Most respiratory tract infections are caused by virusesViral infections make you feel sick all over your bodyColds and flu,and most sore throats,coughs and sinus infections are caused by virusesAntibiotics DO NOT work against viruses,Less common than viral infectionsDo not spread as easily from one person to anotherUsually affect only one part of the bodyPneumonia and Strep throat are caused by bacteriaAntibiotics DO work against bacteria,BacterialInfections,AntibioticResistance,AntibioticResistance,Antibiotics kill most bacteria but some are able to surviveSurviving bacteria have“antibiotic resistance”Antibiotic resistant bacteria cannot be killed by that antibiotic,AntibioticResistance,Taking antibiotics when they are not needed makes your good bacteria resistantAntibiotic resistance can be transferred from one bacterium to another,including bad bacteria that cause disease,AntibioticResistance,Antibiotics will not work against bacteria with antibiotic resistancePeople can die from antibiotic resistant infections,AntibioticResistance,Bacteria have antibiotic resistance when they cannot be killed by an antibiotic.Remember,it is the bacteria that are resistant NOT YOU!,Fever,Helps the body fight infectionOccurs with most respiratory tract infectionsOccurs with both viral and bacterial infections,Cold/Runny Nose,Colds are caused by virusesMost colds are associated with a sore throat or a coughFluid from the nose becomes yellow/green after 2-3 daysThis does not mean it is a bacterial infection,Influenza,Influenza is caused by a virusPrevention of influenza:Influenza vaccineFrequent handwashingStay away from school or work,Sore Throat,Most sore throats are due to virusesOccasionally a sore throat may be due to Streptococcus bacteria,The only way to diagnose Strep throat is with a throat swab.,Ear Ache,70-80%of ear infections get better without antibioticsIn children over 2 years of age-use acetaminophen for 48-72 hours,Handwashing is the best prevention for ear infections since most ear infections occur after a cold,Sinusitis,Viral sinusitis is up to 200 times more common than bacterial sinusitisYellow/green nasal discharge lasting more than 10 days may indicate bacterial sinusitis,Cough,Most coughs in adults and children are caused by viral infectionsCough is often prolonged with viral infectionsSometimes a cough may indicate pneumonia,YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE!Promote and support three key messages:Wash your hands!Not all bugs are created equal.Use antibiotics wisely.,A Community Programfor Wise Useof Antibiotics,Using this presentation,Available:www.dobugsneeddrugs.org/public/tutorial.htmlTo see slide annotations,go to“View”and select“Notes page”If using this presentation please include this statement:,Do Bugs Need Drugs?was developed by Capital Health,Towards Optimized Practice program of the Alberta Medical Association,Alberta Lung Association and University of Alberta.,