现在分词作状语课件.ppt

现在分词作状语,选修六,Unit 5,Grammar,千万要注意,V-ing,形式的规则哟！,不能单独作,谓语,，,没有,人称和数,的,变化，可以有自,己的,宾语和状语,。,还有,时态和语态,的变化。,分词作状语,状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句,子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。,分词,作状语,让步,原因,条件,结果,时间,伴随,方式,分词作状语功能表,1.,时间,2.,原因,3.,条件,4.,让步,5.,方式,/,伴随,时间状语从句,原因,状,语从句,条件,状,语从句,让步状,语从句,没有合适的状语从句,A.,现在分词作状语学与练,把划线部分改写成分词短语,并说明其功能,1.1.When they saw their teacher,the students stood up.,Seeing their teacher,the students stood,up.,*,现在分词动作的发出者是,(,),句子主语,*,现在分词短语作,(),时间状语,?,-,-ing,分词短语作,时间状语,，代替一个,时间状语从句：,注意：,现在分词所表示的动作与主句,的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由,连词,when,while,引出。现在分词一,般位于句首。,如：,?,When,he,read the book,he,nodded from,time to time.,When,she,saw,those pictures,she,remembered her childhood.,Seeing,those pictures,she,remembered,her childhood.,When reading,the book,he,nodded from,time to time.,1.After they had finished their homework,they went home.,Having finished their homework,they,went,home.,*,现在分词短语作,(,),*Having finished their homework,表现的动,作在,went home(),故用分词的,().,时间状语,之前,完成式,2.Because he was ill,he couldnt go,to school.,Being ill,he couldnt go to school.,*,现在分词短语,作原因状语,3.If you work harder at English,you,will make greater progress.,Working harder at English,you will make,greater progress.,*,现在分词短语,作条件状语,4.Although they felt very tired,，,they kept running.,*,Feeling very tired,they kept,running.,现在分词短语,作让步状语,5.The children came into the,classroom,and they laughed and,talked,.(,并列句,),*The children came into the classroom,laughing and talking,.,*,现在分词短语,作伴随或方式状语,*,Laughing and talking,the children,came into the classroom.,*,不可改成相应状语从句,-ing,分词作状语代替状语从句可以表示,现在分词作状语代替状语从句,时间、原因、结果、条件、,让步、方式或伴随情况等，,注：,从句的主语,和,主句的主语,必须,一致,。,即,-ing,分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就,是整个句子的主语，并表示,主动,的关系。,现在分词的时态和语态,doing,being done,having done,having been,done,doing,作状语，表示分词的动作与谓,语动作同时发生,having done,作状语，表示分词的动作先,于谓语的动作发生,He,came,into,the,classroom,talking,and,laughing.,Having finished,his work,he went home.,把下列划线部分改写成分词短语,并,说明其功能,B.,过去分词作状语学与练,1.When she,was asked,why she did,it,she began to cry.,*,Asked why she did it,she began to,cry.,*,过去分词短语作时间状语,*,从句的动词用的是被动语态,*,过去分词的动作由主语承受,2.Because he,was moved,by her,words,he decided to help the poor,boy.,*,Moved by her words,he decided to,help the poor boy.,*,过去分词短语作原因状语,3.If I,were given,one more chance,I would like to tell the girl,“I love,you.”.,*,Given one,more chance,I would like,to tell the girl,“I love you.”.,*,过去分词短语作条件状语,4.Although they had,been defeated,many times,，,they continued to fight.,*Having been,defeated,many times,they continued to fight.,=,Although defeated many times,they continued to fight.,*,过去分词短语作让步状语,*,分词作状语时，,为使状语含义更,加明确，有时在过去分词,(,现在分,词）前,可加上适当连词,如：,while,，,when,，,once,，,if,，,unless,，,as if,，,though,*Once used,the car will never be,sold again.,(once“,一旦,”),=,Once it is used,the car will never,be sold again.,*,When heated,water turns into,steam.,=,When water is heated,water turns,into steam.,Heated,water turns into,steam,5.The teacher stood there and he,was,surrounded by many students.,*The teacher stood there(,),surrounded by,many students,=,Surrounded by many students,the teacher stood there.,*,过去分词短语作伴随或方式状语,Having been told many times,he,didnt make the same mistake.,Having been criticized,by the,teacher,he gave up smoking.,分词的动作发生在谓语动词,的动作之前,一、分词做状语,1,、,现在分词的一般式（,doing,）与句中主,语构成,逻辑上的主谓关系,，与句中谓语动,作,同时发生或者在其后发生,。,2,、完成式（,having done,）与句中主语,构成逻辑上的,主谓关系,，,先与谓语动作而,发生。,3,过去分词（,done,）同动词现在分词的完,成形式（,having been done,）均与句中,主语构成,逻辑上的动宾关系,，且,先与谓语,动词发生。,状语,现在分,词,过去分词,doing,与主语为,主动关系,分词作状语,其,逻辑,主语必,须与句子,主语保持一致,Hearing,the bad news,they,couldnt help crying.,When they,heard the,bad news,doing,与主语为,主动关系,Given,more attention,the trees,could have grown,better.,If they had,been given more,attention,_ from the top of the building,we,saw the house like a match box.,_from the top of the building,the house,looks like a match box.,Seeing,Seen,see,分词（短语）做状语时，分词前面可以,加上,连词,，,但是分词和句子之间不能用,并列连词,(,如,but,，,and,，,so),，,因为并列连,词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只,是全句的一个状语部分，,分词和主句之,间可用逗号。,注意,1,：,例如,:,误,:,Having,been told many times,but,he,still couldnt understand it.,正,:He was told many times,but,he still,couldnt understand it.,或,Having been told,many times,he still,couldnt understand it.,对比练习,1._many times,but he still,couldnt understand it.,2._many times,he still couldnt,understand it.,A.Having been told B.Told,C.He was told D.He been told,3._from space,the earth looks,blue.,4._from space,we can see the,earth is blue.,A.Seen B.Seeing C.To see D.See,C,A/B,A,B,but,the earth,we,?,1.,As,he,had,eaten,too,much,for,supper,he,couldnt,go,to,sleep.,?,2.This,book,became,well,known,all,over,the,world,after,it,had,been,translated,into,many,different,languages.,Having eaten too much for supper,he couldnt go to sleep.,?,Having,been,translated,into,many,different,languages,this,book,became,well,known,all,over,the,world,.,Not knowing his address,I could do,nothing but stay at home and wait.,-,ing,形式（短语）的否定形式,常在其（,）加,not,/never,等。,前面,Not having received his fathers letter,he,decided,to make a call to him.,注意,2,：,有些分词短语可以做独立成分，用来解释整个句子，,不受句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有：,generally(frankly,honestly)speaking,supposing,(,假设,),judging from(,从,判断,),talking of,（谈到,),speaking of,（谈到）,considering(,考虑到，鉴于）等,Generally speaking,girls are more careful than boys,Supposing,you lose,what will you do?,Judging from,his accent,he must be from the north.,Talking of,travel,have you ever been to Beijing?,现在分词的独立成分,Task 4,现在分词的独立主格结构,在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上,的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致,但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑,上的主语,这种结构称为,:,分词独立主格结构,独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况,表示时间、原因、条件等,?,As the boy led the way,we had no trouble,finding the strange village.,?,If weather permits,well go for an,outing tomorrow.,leading the way,we,had no,trouble finding the strange village.,permitting,we,ll go for an,outing tomorrow.,Practice:,The boy,The weather,?,As there was no further problems to,discuss,we ended the meeting at last.,There being,no further problems to,discuss,we,ended the meeting at last.,1,、分词,(,短语,),作状语时,前后两个动作的,主语是一致的。,2,、分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词,或介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并,列连词,(,如,but,，,and),，,分词和主句之间可,用逗号。,使用,-,ing,形式需注意的,4,个问题,.,3,、用,V+ing,一般式,还是,Having+done,完,成式，要看前后两个动作有没明显的先后顺,序，在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现,在分词表示先发生的动作。,4,、分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上,not,never,等否定词构成。,After he heard a strong sound,he went,out of the room for a look.,=,Hearing,a strange sound,he went out of.,As the girl was seriously ill,she was,taken to hospital immediately.,Being,seriously ill,the girl was taken to.,be-,being,As she didnt know any French,she,couldnt get any one to help her.,Not knowing,any French,she couldnt get,any one to help her.,巩固练习：,1.,The secretary worked late into the night,_ a long speech for the president.,A.to prepare B.preparing,C.prepared D.was preparing,2.European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.,A.making B.makes,C.made D.to make,3.,”,Can,t you read?,”,Mary said _ to the,notice,.,A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily,C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing,4._ a reply,he decided to write again.,A.Not receiving,B.Receiving not,C.Not having received,D.Having not received,5,The missing singer was last seen,_ the voice close to the bridge,A,exercising B,to be exercising,C,exercise D,to exercise,6.The directors discussed the project,that they would like to see _ the,next year,A,carry out B,carrying out,C,carried out D,to carry out,