语法填空-真题解析-英语ppt课件.ppt

语法填空,真题剖析命题解密解题高招模拟练析,真题剖析(此略,详见PP.42-43),Humans have been making their mark for thousands of years.But making your mark with pen,ink,and paper is much more _though,the first pens were probably _ sticks or bones.But it wasnt until about 700AD that a particularly _ writing tool came to be used.It was such a great tool,in fact,that it dominated the _ world for more than a thousand year.Feathers from any_ bird were used:geese,peacocks,eagles and turkeys.Crow quills were used for very _ work,such as accounting books.,The best quill,made from the five largest _ feathers of.Right-handed people prefer pens made of feathers from a gooses left wing.Left-handed people prefer _ feathers.Actually,pens made of silver,iron and steel were_,too.But the ink used at the time contained acid.The ink ate away pens made of the only steel produced at the time.steel pens began _ quills.,31.At the age of 17,he could speak five languages_(fluent)32.By the time of the death of the great man,he _(have)355 patents worldwide,one of _ was the invention of.34.He had a will _ he would donate all his enormous fortune _(establish)prizes.36.The first Nobel Prizes _(award)in 1901.37.In 1939,five years after his death,_ prize in Economic Science was added.,fluently,had had,which,that,to establish,were awarded,another,38.They receive their prizes _ the Swedlish King.39.All Nobel Prizes are awarded in Stockholm,Sweden,_ the Nobel Peace Prize,which is awarded in Oslo,Norway.40.until 1905 when Norway became _ independent kingdom.,from,except,an,命题揭密,广东高考语法填空题究竟考什么？怎么考？请看下面的研究结果吧。只有数据事实最具说服力。,考什么？()纯空格形式的考点如下表：,(II)用所给词的适当形式填空的考点如下：,根据此表，我们知道，语法填空的考点或考查内容是：(1)纯空格题：通常考冠词、介词、代词和连词等四类词。(2)用括号中所给词填空：通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、词类转换等。,特别提醒：(1)在纯空格题中，两年都没有要求考生根据上下文填写名词、动词、形容词和副词。我们认为，其原因有二：一是根据语境推测出要填哪一个名词、动词、形容词或副词，是完形填空要考查的内容，若在语法填空中考查，是越权，是多管闲事；二是“语法填空”顾名思义是考语法，而根据语境填这四类词同语法规则关系不大，与“语法填空”名不符实。不过，less,more,most等词是可能在纯空格类题中考查的，因为这涉及到到语法比较等级。,(2)我们认为，倒装句中的助动词和强调谓语动词的助动词(do,does,did)，以及情态动词、强调结构中的it,that等都可能在纯空格题中进行考查，名词的数和所有格也可能在用括号中所给词填空中进行考查，同学们千万不可忽视。,(3)短文难度：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词。(4)短文题材：或体现文化内涵，或给人心灵以启迪等。(5)考点设置：(1)纯空格题：设6-7个小题。(2)用括号中所给词填空：设3-4个小题。,(6)答案特点：纯空格题：试题要求中已明文规定死了“在空格处填入一个适当的词”，即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。两年高考题的答案印证了这一点。用括号中所给词填空：试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”，这个词的正确形式究竟由几个单词组成？两年高考题的答案填一个或两个单词。,所填词(答案)都是一些拼写简单的单词。2007年高考所填词均长4.1个字母，其中，纯空格的答案只有2.4个字母；2008年所填词均长4.45个字母，其中纯空格的答案只有3.8个字母。两年都有所填词位于句首，此时第一个字母要注意大写。两年都没有要求考生填像depend on中的介词on这类固定短语中的单词。,特别提醒：尽管两年高考中“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”的答案只填一个或两个单词，但是我们在平时的训练中应当不局限于此，要训练填一个、两个或多个单词的情况。非谓语动词中，带to的不定式、现在分词的完成式都可能填两个单词；谓语动词的将来时、进行时和完成时等也都可能填两个单词，而现在完成进行时等就可能填三个单词，被动语态至少都要填两个单词。,解题高招,1.通读全文，把握大意。既然是通过语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前，应快速浏览短文，把握全文大意，这一步非常重要。2.结合语境，试填空格。读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语言环境，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的结构和意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。具体来说，可按设题类型分为三类情况：,(1)纯空格试题的解题技巧。首先，分析句子结构，确定填哪类词。然后，再根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。确定填哪类词有以下7个技巧：,技巧1：缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。例1I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to,and _38_ gets there almost in a second.(2007年茂名一模),解析：and连接前后两个句子，and后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一分句，不难推知，“马上可到达那里”的是the message，替代the message用代词it。,技巧2：名词前面，若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词)，很可能是填限定词。如：例2It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(9601279)was very anxious to help _33_rice crop grow up quickly.(2008年广东高考),解析：名词rice crop前还没有限定词，应当填限定词；根据句意，这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快，故填形容词性物主代词his。,例3the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to_35_small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.(2007年广东高考),解析：因单数可数名词town前还没有限定词，应填限定词；根据句意，是指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的一个小镇上去修理，表示“一个”，用不定冠词，故填a。,技巧3：句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。例4 who should have the honour of receiving me _33_a guest in their house.(2007年广东高考),解析：因a guest在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语，前面一定是填介词，使其成为该介词的宾语；又由句意可知，他们“把我当作客人”来接待，表示“当作”，用介词as。,技巧4：若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。例5two world-famous artists,Pablo Picasso 34 Candido Portinari,which are worth millions of dollars.例6all I saw was this beautiful girl,whose smile just melted me 36 almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about.(2008年深圳一模),解析：因与Pablo Picasso(毕加索)与Candido Portinari(坎迪多波尔蒂纳里)这两个名词之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，应填and。,解析：因melted me和gave me两个动宾短语之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，故填and。,技巧5：若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填并列连词或从属连词。例7 I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days 32 I was to return to Guangzhou.(2008年广州一模),解析：因I wanted to是一个句子，I was to return也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间的逻辑关系，可知“参观这个城市的尽可能多的地方”应是在“返回广州”之前，故填before。,例8 He was very tired after doing this for a whole day,_37_he felt very happy(2008年广东高考),解析：因He was very tired是一个句子，he felt very happy也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系，可知“干了一整天活累极了”与“感到非常高兴”是转折关系，故填but。,技巧6：若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do,does,did等)。例9What is acceptable in one country 31 be considered extremely rude in another.(2007珠三角五校联考),解析：句中What is acceptable in one country是主语从句，空格后的be considered是谓语；因其中的be是原形，故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数)；由句意及作者的语气可知，需填表示“可能”的情态动词may。,例10 He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife,but he _ bring home a regular salary.,解析：这是一个由but连接的并列句，由前一分句的谓语动词had是一般过去时可知，后一分句的谓语动词bring也应用一般过去时；可是，bring却用的是原形，既与语境的时态不符，也与主语he不一致，该句不是倒装句，因此，此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的助动词did；由句意和作者的语气推测，应当填对谓语动词表示强调的助动词did(的确),技巧7：由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。(1)由it isthat强调结构的形式，判断填it还是that。例11 and 40 was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG(味精)!(2007年广州一模),解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填it。,(3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。例13 as 32 took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists(2008年佛山二模),解析：由句式结构可知，这是it takes sb.some time to do sth.句型，本句的不定式to steal paintings是真正的主语，空格处填形式主语it。,例14Dating sites also make 36 easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.(2008年惠州二模)(4)so/suchthat句型。如：例15 This made the goat so jealous_34_it began plotting against(谋划对付)the donkey.(2007年惠州二模),解析：由句式结构可知，to avoid是真正的宾语，easy是宾补，空格处应填作形式宾语的it。,解析：由句式结构可知，这是sothat句型，应填that。,(5)morethan(与其说不如说，比更)句型。如：例16Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _40_ how much he pays.(2007深圳宝安期末),解析：由句式结构可知，这是morethan句型，故填than。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比，雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。,(2)给出了动词的试题的解题技巧首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。技巧8：若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。,例17His fear of failure _36_(keep)him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon.(2008年深圳一模),解析：因主语His fear of failure后没有别的谓语动词，需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与keep是主动关系，应用主动语态；由从句谓语动词played可知，要用一般过去时，故填kept。,例18 That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation,40(close)my book and walked away.(2008年广州一模),解析：虽然句中已有谓语动词declined，但由and walked可知，所填词与declined和walked是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式closed。,例19 In Logan,three people _38_(take)to a hospital,while others were treated at a local clinic.(2007梅州二模),解析：因主语three people与take是被动关系，即三个人被送进医院，故用被动语态；由were treated可知，要用一般过去时，故填were taken。,技巧9：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用ing形式、ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：(1)作主语或宾语，通常用ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。如：例20 but it is not enough only 35(memorize)rules from a grammar book.(2007年佛山一模),解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填to memorize。,例21_(speak)out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed,on the contrary,解析：句中已有谓语wont make，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。,(2)作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。例22 _(complete)the project as planned,well have to work two more hours a day.,解析：因句中已有谓语will have to work，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填To complete。,例23 Some people say that oldest children,who are smart and strong-willed,are very likely _33(succeed).(2008年佛山一模),解析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填to succeed。,(3)作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。如：例24 He saw the stone,37(say)to himself:“The night will be very dark.”(2008年东莞一模)例25 The headmaster went into the lab,_(follow)by the foreign guests.,解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。,解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因the headmaster与follow是被动关系，故用过去分词作伴随状语。,(4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用ing形式，是被动关系用ed形式。如：例26 There will be a meeting,_40_(start)later this year to review the film.(2008年广州二模)例27 Lessons 39(learn)in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.(广东考试说明),解析：因a meeting与start是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明a meeting，故填starting。,解析：因句中已有谓语can help，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned。,(3)、词类转换题的解题技巧根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：技巧10：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。例28 The youngster immediately fell _(silence)as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.,解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。,例29 In a _(danger)part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand,they learnt to例30 Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _(interest)in the subject,解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。,解析：因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣的”，填interested。,技巧11：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。如：例31 When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _(achieve)are mentioned,the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.,解析：在时间状语从句中，要求填的词作主语，Chinas ancient scientific and technological是主语的定语；作主语要用名词，又由are可知，主语是复数，故填achievements。,例32 These people have made great _39(contribute)to China with their work.(2007年茂名二模)例33 instructors expect students to be familiar with _32_(inform)in the reading(2008年三校联考),解析：在句中作及物动词have made的宾语，要用名词形式；表示“作贡献”，其前面没有不定冠词时，习惯上用复数，故填contributions。,解析：因with是介词，在介词后作宾语，要用名词，故填information。,技巧12：在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。如：例34 the remains date from this period because of their _38_(similar)to those found elsewhere.(2008年广州二模)例35 With the large numbers of students,the _(operate)of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.,解析：在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词，故填similarities。,解析：在冠词后，要用名词，故填operation。,技巧13：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：例36 As I looked 32(close)at this girl,I fount that(2008年深圳一模)例37 There must be something _40_(serious)wrong with our society.(2008潮州期末)例38Singles are flocking(涌向)to the Internet 33(main)because their busy lifestyles leave them little time(2008年惠州三模),解析：修饰动词looked，作状语，用副词，故填closely。,解析：要求填的词修饰形容词wrong，作状语，用副词，故填seriously。,解析：修饰because引导的原因状语从句，修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词，故填mainly。,技巧14：括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un,im等，在词根后加less等。如：例39 People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is,no knowledge is _(use).例40 Your mistake caused a lot of _(necessary)work in the office.,解析：作表语要用形容词；又由句意可知，作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”，故填useless。,解析：在名词前作定语，仍用形容词形式；但根据句意可知，错误是引起不必要的麻烦事，故填unnecessary。,技巧15：括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。如：例41there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist 34 _(attract)(2008年广州一模)例42The other frog went on jumping as hard as he couldHe jumped even _36_(hard)and finally made himself out.(2008年期末),解析：尽管attract是动词，但这是考查词类转换的；在句中作介词about的宾语，用名词，故填attractions。,解析：联系前句，又有even(更加)的提示，可知这里用比较级，故填harder。,例43Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexicos border with Texas on Friday,destroying homes and other buildings and injuring at least 16 people,several critically,authorities said.The _33_(bad)damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis,which are about 80 miles apart,police said.(2007梅州二模),解析：结合前段内容，特别是the的提示，可知要用bad的最高级worst，表示“最严重的”。,3.重读全文，解决难题。在解题过程中要先易后难，难题在大部分空格填好后，再经过仔细推敲，难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。,(1)Good quality goods and good quality service make your business successful.I live in an area 31_ there is a number of familyrun corner stores,and my favorite 32_ is owned and run by Nick and other members of 33_ family for all kinds of really good quality fruits.,where,one,the,For the last three years I often go there mainly for one product-fresh red apples.I guess that I 34_(buy)about 1,500 apples from this corner store.35_ time I am about to leave,Nick,36_ a big smile on his face,gives me a fresh piece of fruit,such as a peach,which has always surprised me.I see this as a simple expression of37_(appreciate)for my business,and his desire is to make his customers feel good.The payoff is that I keep coming back to shop,not simple,have bought,Every,with,appreciation,38_ the great apples and the free piece of fresh fruit,but 39_ he makes me feel extra special and appreciated.,So,when you have your business 40_(run),with all the right factors in place and working well,spend some times to do the extra little things that make your customers feel special!,for,because,running,(2)Have you ever heard the old saying,“Never judge a book by its cover?”This is a good rule 31_(follow)when trying to judge the intelligence of others.Some people have minds that shine only in certain situations.A young person 32_ an unusual gift for writing may find himself,to follow,with,33_(speech)in the presence of a pretty girl when he speaks.He may not be able to find the right words.But dont make mistake of thinking him stupid,with a pen and a paper,he can express 34_ better than anybody.,speechless,himself,Other people may fool you into overestimating(评价过高)35_ intelligence by putting up a good front.A student 36_listens attentively and 37_(take)notes in class is sure to make a favorable impression 38_ his teachers.But 39_ it comes to exams,he may score near the bottom of the class.,their,who,takes,on,when,The only way to determine a persons intelligence is to get to know him.The 40_ situations you see,the better your judgment is likely to be.So take your time.Dont judge a book by its cover.,more,(3)At the centre of this current scandal(丑闻)is the Sanlu Group,a company based in the city of Shijiazhuang in Hebei province.31_ has been selling milk powder with the toxic(有毒的)chemical melamine(三聚氰胺),32_(use)in industry to make such things as plastics.This chemical 33_(make)the milk powder appear to contain more protein than it is actually the case.34_ the scandal is not limited to just one company.,It,used,makes,But,Chinas laws do not seem to be the main problem,according to 35_senior employee at a foreign firm that produces baby products in China.“There are laws and the laws are very strict.36_ we want to launch a product,there are so many things we have to do,”said the employee,37_ did not want to be identified.Chinese 38_(centre)government officials often complain that these good laws are not heeded.,a,When,who,central,In order to avoid the problems now facing Sanlu,this foreign firm sends 39_own inspectors to check products bought 40_Chinese suppliers.,its,from,goodbye,