运输包装与物流课件.ppt
運輸包裝與物流,國立宜蘭大學食品科學系馮臨惠,Outline,4.1 Introduction4.2 Functions of logistical packaging4.3 Logistics activity-specific and integration issues4.4 Distribution performance testing4.5 Packaging materials and system4.6 Conclusion,Outline,4.1 Introduction4.2 Functions of logistical packaging4.2.1 Protection4.2.2 Utility/productivity4.2.3 Communication4.3 Logistics activity-specific and integration issues4.4 Distribution performance testing4.5 Packaging materials and system4.6 Conclusion,Outline,4.1 Introduction4.2 Functions of logistical packaging4.3 Logistics activity-specific and integration issues4.3.1 Packaging issues in food processing and retailing4.3.2 Transport issues4.3.3 Warehousing issues4.3.4 Retail customer service issues4.3.5 Waste issues4.3.6 Supply chain integration issues4.4 Distribution performance testing4.5 Packaging materials and system4.6 Conclusion,Outline,4.1 Introduction4.2 Functions of logistical packaging4.3 Logistics activity-specific and integration issues4.4 Distribution performance testing4.4.1 Shock and vibration testing4.4.2 Compression testing4.5 Packaging materials and system4.5.1 Corrugated fiberboard boxes4.5.2 Shrink bundles4.5.3 Reusable totes4.5.4 Unitization4.6 Conclusion,Introduction,Consumer needs and wants of packagingMultiple food retail market needs and wantsFlow of food package from farm to landfillNew Model of Marketing MixA key to competitive edgePackaging characteristics valued in multiple retail logistics and distribution,Consumer needs and wants of packaging,Multiple food retail market needs and wants,Packaging for fast-moving consumer goods(f.m.c.g.)The role of packaging in brand competition.The role of packaging in multiple retail logistics Packaging is a means of ensuring the safe delivery of a product to the consumer at the right time in sound condition at optimum cost.,Flow offood package from farmto landfill,Model of Marketing Mix,NEW,A key to competitive edge,For a product manufacturer may depend on how quickly and effectively it responds to the retailers need for:minimal stockholdinghigh product turnoveroptimal level of fill on shelfefficient handling practiceproduct integrity.,Packaging characteristics valued in multiple retail logistics and distribution,Functions of logistical packaging,ProtectionProduct characteristics+Logistical hazardsUtility/productivityNumber of packages output/logistics inputErgonomics 人因工程(人體工學)(9-14kg/package)Communication Electronic data interchange(EDI),effective and integrated management of material flow,inventory,transportation and warehousing.stock-keeping units(SKU),Barcodes,RFID,Logistics activity-specific and integration issues,Packaging issues in food processing and retailingTransport issuesWarehousing issuesRetail customer service issuesWaste issuesSupply chain integration issuesFood and consumer product supply chainFood service supply chain,Packaging issuesin food processing and retailing,HACCP的一環廢棄物的問題多次使用的回收容器,包裝的流程與循環,Transport issues,Full Truckload(TL)shock&vibrationDynamic forces vary by mode of transport.in-transit vibration below 25 Hzless-than-truckload(LTL)e-commerce need more protectionImproving cube utilization(改善體積利用率)is packagings greatest opportunity to provide logistics value其他的方式：Rail transport(鐵路運輸),ocean or river transport(海、河運)and air transportation(空運)：貨櫃化的優勢；降低成本,衝擊,運輸時間,Warehousing issues,傳統的倉儲 訂單與拆裝是包裝的操作配銷中心(distribution center)式的現代倉儲 利潤來自移動貨品，貯存則代表無效率的資產 非常強調追蹤與管理生產力(productivity)包裝產品若不需要額外的勞力拆裝就代表生產力提昇，因此適當的集積包裝(multi-pack)替代傳統的一打裝包裝(dozen-pack)包裝必需模組化，自動辨識及加速機械選別性質包裝必需配合自動倉儲的設備兩個因子必需適當控制：有害生物與溫度庫存單位(stock keeping unit,SKU)辨識,Retail customer service issues,小型雜貨店改變為大型連鎖店對於銷售包裝及物流包裝的要求也改變物流包裝必需容易搬運、打開且不傷及內容物容易辨識，展示陳列最佳的體積利用率最少的廢棄物生產廠商的包裝設計必需考慮增加銷售的零售顧客服務價值(retail value)，例如：條碼、RFID、智慧型標籤、易開啟功能有效率顧客反應(the efficient consumer response,ECR),Waste issues,經濟性的原因使物流包裝較消費者包裝更重視廢棄物的處理可使用的方法減量再使用回收,Supply chain integration issues,供應鏈整合希望能降低整體系統的成本大型連鎖店零售系統更提高供應鏈的整合食品供應鏈有項重要的控制因子：溫度各類型的溫度記錄或顯示或品質監測系統均可使用於物流包裝系統嚴酷物流系統(軍事或救災)的物流包裝需求更為嚴格，包括：保護、保存期限、最易搬運、正確包裝辨識等更複雜的物流包裝,Distribution performance testing,衝擊與振動測試(Shock and vibration testing)壓縮測試(Compression testing),Packaging materials and system,Corrugated fiberboard boxes(瓦楞紙箱)Shrink bundles(裹包技術)Reusable totes(多次使用搬運箱)Unitization(單位化的包裝系統),瓦楞紙箱(Corrugated fiberboard boxes),多次使用搬運箱(Reusable totes),單位化包裝系統(Unitization),墊板裹包,為保護裝在墊板上的物品，早期以繩索鋼帶捆綁。目前均以裹包方式作業伸縮包裝(Stretch wrap Package)：伸縮包裝乃以具有伸縮性質之膠膜層層纏繞於產品之個體，或圍繞堆積於墊板上之貨物，使之整體獲得固定，並防止傾倒之單位化包裝，其功能在於方便貨物之裝卸及搬運收縮包裝(Shrink Package)：將一個或數個物品集中，以熱收縮膜覆蓋物品，並加熱使其收縮束緊，用以固定保存物品之包裝方法,木墊板尺寸規格表(CNS 3032),單位：mm,裹包技術(Shrink bundles),單位化包裝系統(Unitization),將物品裝載於墊板上以大單位處理運輸之方法，將貨物裝於墊板上，作門對門之運輸稱為一貫墊板化作業墊板規格(CNS規格)最大載重：墊板之最大載重分為0.5t、1t、1.5t及2t墊板尺寸與形狀：墊板之大小以長度寬度(mm)表示之，規定如下表,貨櫃(containers),貨櫃運輸是將貨物裝在一個標準化的容器內的運輸方式聯合國經濟委員會歐洲運輸小組(1956/5/18)定義：貨櫃是一種運輸設備，就如吊箱(Lift Van)，可移動的桶狀物或是其他適合的物件，貨櫃非車輛，也非傳統的包裝物一種永久性的設備，可重覆使用用來裝載貨物，可經由多種的運輸工具運送，而不必中途拆卸貨物轉運裝有特殊設備，得以在轉換運輸工具時，很方便地搬動設計應符合簡便裝卸的原則容積必須在一立方公尺以上,貨櫃(containers),貨櫃被認為是一種像船舶一樣的運輸工具世界各國都准許貨櫃(無論有無裝貨)自由進出口而不加關稅為了能適當地裝運各式各樣的貨物，貨櫃的設計走向多元化但仍以普通的乾貨櫃為最多。大約佔全部貨櫃量的85%左右,貨櫃(與食品運輸有關的),乾貨櫃(Dry Container)冷凍貨櫃(Reefer Container)裝載新鮮食品類貨物冷藏凍藏開頂貨櫃(Open Top Container)裝載大型機件桶狀貨櫃(Tank Container)裝載液體貨物散裝貨櫃(Bulk Container)裝載未經包裝的散裝貨物，如穀類及化學品鋼網貨櫃(Steel Mesh Container)裝載活的動物或新鮮食品，但必需是短程載運,運輸貨櫃之尺寸及載重量,Conclusion,物流包裝對供應鏈作業(supply chain operation)的重要性產品設計的初期就應該考慮包裝的問題個裝(the primary package)、內裝(the shipping container)與外裝(the unit load)應整體考慮成整合的設計問題(an integrated design problem)The size,shape,weight,and properties of the primary package and the nature of its contents will determine the requirements for the logistical packaging,given the characteristics of a particular distribution channel.,Conclusion,物流系統的目標是以最有效總成本，在適當的時間，將食品原物料及產品運輸到適當的地點物流包裝若能吻合上述的目標就可以有價值的。(Packaging adds value only when it serves these objectives.),包裝所面臨的挑戰,包裝成本的增加環境保護的要求新加工技術的發展食品安全衛生的疑慮電子商務的發展市場快速反應的需求,包裝未來發展的方向,新包裝材料新包裝技術包裝的標準化廢棄物的處理與資源回收利用包裝適當化的技術建立有用的包裝技術資料庫,
