译林高二英语精源ppt选修6情态动词课件.ppt

情态动词,can 和 could,can/could 表示能力，只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to2.can 表示客观可能性.Anybody can make mistakes.It can be cold in winter in the south.3.表示许可.You may/can come in.4.用在否定句或疑问句中,表猜测,怀疑,惊讶That cant be Tom.He went to London two weeks ago.,The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A had to B would C was able to D could,C,He could swim across the English Channel.But he didnt feel like it that day.(能力）Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain.Be able to do sth=manage to do sth=succeed in doing sth,1.表示允许或请求 can may/can I help you?2.没有把握的推测。She may come tomorrow.She may not(可能不）go to the party tonight.3.放在句首,表示祝愿。May God bless you!might 表示推测时,不表示时态,只是可能 性比may 小。They might be having a meeting,but Im not sure.,may 和 might,-Are you coming to Jeffs party?-Im not sure.I _go to the concert instead.A must B would C should D might,D,-Is John coming by train?-He should,but he_not.He likes driving his car.A must B can C need D may,D,Peter _come with us tonight,but he isnt very sure yet.A.mustB.may C.can D.will,答案B.表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。,Im sure he_have the computer sooner or later.A shall B can C must D would,C,have to和must“必须”,1.have to表示由于客观因素不得不做 must表示说话人的主观意志,看法,My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.He said that they must work hard.,2.have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而 must只有一种形式。He had to look after his sister yesterday.3.否定结构中 dont have to表示“不必”mustnt表示“禁止”You dont have to tell him about it.你没必要把此事告诉他。You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。,4.Must I return the book today?-Yes,you must.-No,you neednt./No,you dont have to.,Need I call her again?-Yes,you _.-No,you _.,must,neednt dont have to,May I use your bicycle?-Yes,you _.-No,you _.,may,cant,-May I use your motorbike?-No,you _.A cant B shouldnt C neednt D mustnt,A,May I leave now?-Yes,you may.-No,you mustnt.,We must go now,_?-Must we go now?-Yes,you _.-No,you _.,neednt you,must,neednt dont have to,1.will 在疑问句中表示请求和建议.would 比will 更婉转,礼貌 Will you come to my office?2.表示愿意去做某事或决心做某事.I will marry you.If you will come to the party,we will be very happy.作为情态动词will 可以用于条件状语从句,will 和would,would和used to,1）used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，而would只表过去的情况(过去往往)。People used to think that the earth was flat.She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.2）used to可表示过去习惯性的动作和经常的状态，would只表示过去习惯的动作。He used to/would smoke while writing.She used to be fat.,shall在疑问句中shall用于一,三人称,表示征求对方的意见或指示Shall he come to see you?What shall I do to help you?2)在陈述句中shall 用于二,三人称,表示告戒,警告,命令,决心,允诺等意图.He shall go with us.I think you shall do it.,Shall I carry your luggage?Shall he come to see you?,You shall do as I say.Nobody shall say a word.You shall fall behind in your exam if you keep playing.,You shall have a nice present for your birthday.He shall have the book when I finished reading it.,1.-The room is so dirty._we clean it?A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do,B,2.-Excuse me,but I want to use your computer to type a report.-You _have my computer if you dont take care of it.A shant B might not C neednt D shouldnt,A,should,1).should(主观)和ought to(客观)都表示劝告,建议或有责任,义务去做某事为“应该,必须”的意思，可用于各种人称。You should do as I told you.2).Should/ought to have done 表示某事在过去本应该做而实际未做;shouldnt/oughtnt have done 本不应该做而实际却做了.(责备)You should have come here earlier.You shouldnt have been there.,Students should respect teachers.He suggested that we should act at once.The boys shouldnt be playing football.They should be at school.,4.You shouldnt have entered the teachers office without permission.5.He should be 20 years.6.It should be fine tomorrow.,need和dare,1)作为情态动词时，两者都主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句。2)need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时,后面的to 时常可以被省略。,-Dare you go there alone?-Yes,I _.-No,I _.,You dare go there alone,_?You dare to go there alone,_?,dare,dare not,darent you,dont you,3)need 否定结构neednt=dont have to没有必要,不必.4)need/neednt have done表示本有必要做某事，而实际未做或本没必要做，而实际却做了,We _ to school on Sundays.A neednt going B neednt to go C dont need go D neednt go,D,情态动词 have done,情态动词+have+过去分词,1.must have+done sth对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有肯定，谅必的意思。Linda has gone to work,but her bicycle is still here.She must have gone by bus.,2 ought to should had better 本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“本不该做某事而做了”。You ought to/should have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.You had better have come earlier.,have done sth,3.neednt have done sth本没必要做某事I dressed very warmly for the trip,but I neednt have done so.The weather was hot.,1._he_a famous doctor at that time?He was so young then.A Can;be B Must;be C Can;have been D Must;have been,C,can have done could have done 用于表示对过去发生的事进行猜测,can 只能用于疑问句,否定句,其他情况用could.could have done还课用来表示“本来能做而没做,有责怪的意思”例(1)-Where can she have gone?-She can not have gone to the church.-She could have gone swimming.(2)-Why didnt you come back?You could have saved her.,2.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared.Who_ have taken it?A should B must C could D would,C,3.-Will you stay for lunch?-Sorry,_.My brother is coming to see me.A I mustnt B I couldntC I neednt D I wont,B,4.I was really anxious about you.You_home without a word.A mustnt leave B shouldnt have leftC couldnt have left D neednt leave,B,5.-I stayed at a hotel in New York.-Oh,did you?You_with Barbara.A could have stayedB could stayC would stay D must have stayed,A,6.The light is on.Mr Wang _up.A will have got B must be getting C must be get D must get,B,1.You must be hungry now,_?2.He must be listening to the music,_?3.She didnt do her homework.She cant have studied last night,_?4.You must have finished your homework,_?,arent you,isnt he,did she,反意疑问句,havent you,1.I must go now,_?2.He must be angry,_?3.He must be angry just now,_?4.He must have gone abroad,_?5.He must have gone abroad last month,_?如果后是助动词be have 那么就根据助动词的正确形式填空；如果后是实意动词则根据情态动词进行填空；如果有时间状语则根据时间状语进行变化,neednt you,isnt he,wasnt he,hasnt he,didnt he,表示否定的情态动词的用法:,mustnt 不准,禁止 neednt 没必要(=dont have to)cant 不能;不可能may not 不可以;可能不shouldnt 不应该(=ought not to),Exercises,1.Could I borrow your dictionary?Yes,of course,you_.A.mightB.will C.can D.should,答案C.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。,2.Shall I tell John about it?No,you _.Ive told him already.A.needntB.wouldnt C.mustntD.shouldnt,答案A。neednt 不必，不用。wouldnt 将不,不会的。mustnt 禁止、不能。shouldnt不应该。本题为不需要，不必的意思，应用neednt。,3.Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow._.A.I dont B.I wont C.I cant D.I havent,答案B.will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表意愿、意志、决心，本题表示决心，选B。,4.Tom ought not to _ me your secret,but he meant no harm.A.have toldB.tell C.be tellingD.having told,答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用have。,5.The poor girl has neither shoes or skirt.Thats why she _ stay at home.A.must B.has to C.should D.ought to6.Johnny,you _ play with the knife,you _ hurt yourself.A.wont;cantB.mustnt,may C.shouldnt;must D.cant,shouldnt,7.Jack_ yet,otherwise he would have telephoned me.A.mustnt have arrived B.shouldnt have arrived C.cant have arrived D.need not have arrived,C,8.There were already 5 people in the car but they managed to take me as well.It _ a comfortable journey.A.cant be B.shouldnt be C.mustnt have been D.couldnt have been,9.Sorry Im late.I_ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A.might B.should C.can D.will10.Are you coming to Jeffs Party?Im not sure.I _ go to the concert instead.A.must B.would C.should D.might,11.My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so he _ your lecture.A.couldnt have attended B.neednt have attended C.mustnt have attended D.shouldnt have attended,